江西省景德镇一中2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（2班） WORD版缺答案.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家景德镇一中20192020学年第一学期期末考试卷高一（2）班英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）第卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADoes your brain work like a dictionary? A mathematical analysis of the connections among definitions of English words has uncovered

2、hidden structures that man resembles the way words and their meanings are represented in our minds.“We want to know how the mental vocabulary is represented in the brain,” says Stevan Harnad of the University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada.As every word in a dictionary is defined (下定义) in terms of ot

3、hers, the knowledge needed to understand the entire vocabulary is there. Harnads team reasoned that finding this smallest set of words and pinning down its structure might help research on how human brains put language together.The team converted each of four different English dictionaries into a ma

4、thematical structure of linked nodes (节点) known as a graph. Each node in this graph represents a word, which is linked to the other words used to define it so “banana” might be connected to “long”, “bendy”, “yellow”, and “fruit”.But even this tiny set is not the smallest number of words you need to

5、produce the whole dictionary, as many of these words can in turn be fully defined by others in the kernel (核心). Whats more, the kernel has a deeper structure.So what, if anything, can this tell us about how our brains represent words and concepts? To find out the answer, Harnads team looked at data

6、on how children acquire words and found a pattern: as you move in from the full dictionary towards the Kernel, words which have been acquired at a younger age tend to be used more often, and refer to more concrete concepts.But the connection does suggest that our brains may structure language somewh

7、at similarly to a dictionary.Phil Blunsom, at University of Oxford isnt convinced that word meanings can be reduced to a chain of definitions. “Its treating words in such a symbolic fashion that they are going to lose a lot of the meaning.” But Mark Pagel of the University of Reading, UK, expects th

8、e approach to new insights. “This will be most useful in giving us a sense of how our minds structure meaning.” he says.21. The first paragraph serves as _ in the passage.A. a comparison between human brain and a dictionaryB. an introduction to whether your brain works like a dictionaryC. a conclusi

9、on that your brain is just like a dictionaryD. a contradiction that your brain is just like a dictionary22. What does the underlined phrase “pinning down” in Paragraph 3 mean here?A. determining exactly B. fixing firmlyC. explaining simply D. putting formally23. Which of the following statements is

10、true according to the passage?A. Children acquire words and form patterns more easily than adults.B. Many of the words can in turn be fully defined by using its similar words.C. Harnads findings may explain how human brains put language together.D. Our brains may structure language exactly similarly

11、 to a dictionary. BLike a needle climbing up a bathroom scale, the number keeps rising. In 1991, 15% of Americans were obese(肥胖的 by 1999, that proportion had grown to 27%. Youngsters, who should have age and activity on their side, are growing larger as well: 19% of Americans under 17 are obese. Wai

12、stbands have been popping in other western countries too, as physical activity has declined and diets have expanded. By and large, people in the rich world seem to have lost the fight against flab(松弛).Meanwhile, poorer nations have enjoyed some success in their battles against malnutrition and famin

13、e. But, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, it is more a case of being out of the frying pan and into the fire. The most striking example actually in the poor world comes from the Pacific islands, home of the worlds most o

14、bese communities. In 1966, 14% of the men on this island were obese while 100% of men under the age of 30 in 1996 were obese.This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast. As a result, undernourished and over-nourished people frequently live cheek by jowl(面颊). The mix can even occur within

15、 a single household. A study of families in Indonesia found that nearly 10% contained both the hungry and the fat. This is a mysterious phenomenon, but might have something to do with people of different ages being given different amounts of food to eat.The prospect of heading off these problems is

16、bleak. In many affected countries there are cultural factors to contend with, such as an emphasis on eating large meals together, or on food as a form. of hospitality.Moreover, there is a good measure of disbelief on the part of policymakers that such a problem Could exist in their countries. Add to

17、 that reluctance on the part of governments to spend resources on promoting diet and exercise while starvation is still a real threat, and the result is a recipe for inaction. Unless something is done soon, it might not be possible to turn the clock back.24.The first sentence of the passage most pro

18、bably implies that _.A.many Americans are obsessed with the rising temperature in their bathroomB.more people are overweighed in the United StatesC.people are doing more physical exercises with the help of scalesD.youngsters become taller and healthier thanks to more activities25.As physical exercis

19、e declines and diet expands, _.A.other western countries has been defeated by fatB.obesity has become an epidemic(流行病)of the rich worldC.waistbands begin to be popular in other western countriesD.western countries can no longer fight against obesity26.Of tackling obesity in the poor world, we can le

20、arn from the passage that_A.the matter is so complex as to go beyond our capacityB.no matter what we do, the prospect will always be bleakC.it is starvation, the real threat, that needs to be solvedD.we should take immediate actions before it becomes incurable27.What is the main idea of this passage

21、?A.Obesity is now a global problem that needs tackling.B.The weights increase fast throughout the whole world.C.Obesity and starvation are two main problems in the poor world.D.Obesity has shifted from the rich world to the poor world.CJust how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? T

22、he Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant（执行令）if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to restore the practice that the police may search through the possessions of suspects at the tim

23、e of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be careless if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are recognizable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated

24、 guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by casting away Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth A

25、mendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.

26、 The development of cloud computing, meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private do

27、cuments to remain private and protected by the Constitutions prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesnt ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be very difficult for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone conte

28、nts. They could still ignore Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where th

29、ey are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, destructive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st c

30、entury with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of cars; similarly, they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.28. The Supreme Court, will work out whet

31、her, during an arrest, it is legal to _.A. search for suspects mobile phones without a warrantB. check suspects phone contents without being authorizedC. prevent suspects from deleting their phone contentsD. prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones29. The authors attitude toward Californias

32、argument is one of _.A. tolerance.B. indifferenceC. disapprovalD. cautiousness30. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that _.A. principles are hard to be clearly expressedB. the court is giving police less room for actionC. phones are used to store sensitive informationD. citizens pri

33、vacy is not effective protected31. Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that _.A. the Constitution should be carried out flexiblyB. New technology requires reinterpretation of the ConstitutionC. Californias argument violates principles of the ConstitutionD. Principles of the Constitution shou

34、ld never be changedDGoing to university is supposed to be a mindbroadening experience.That assumption is possibly made in contrast to training for work straight after school. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tubingen, Germany, thought she would try to find out.Her result,

35、however, is not quite what might be expected. It shows that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate postschool years in vocational training for work. However, it is not the case that university broadens

36、 minds. Rather, work seems to narrow them.After studying the early career of 2095 German youngsters, Dr. Golle reached the conclusion.During the period under investigation, Germany had three tracks in its schools: a low one for pupils who would most probably leave school early and enter vocational t

37、raining; a high one for those almost certain to enter university; and an intermediate one, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes.The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits and the other of attitudes. They administ

38、ered both tests twiceonce towards the end of each volunteers time at school, and then again six years later.Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, and it was on these that the researchers focused. Of them, 212 went to university and the remaining 170 chosen for vocational trainin

39、g and a job.When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not apparently changed. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, eitherexcept in one crucial respectth

40、ey had become more responsible.That sounds like a good thing, compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of pampered layabouts(娇生惯养的闲人). But changes in attitude the researchers recorded were more worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who ha

41、d chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature.And that might restrict their choice of careers. Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed off limits to the degreeless.But many, particul

42、arly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers, financesector workers and entrepreneurs as careers requiring these attributes.If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany p

43、rides itself on are narrowing peoples choices, that is indeed a matter of concern.32. Compared with students going to university, those choosing the vocational route _A. show more changes in their attitudes B. find it more difficult to land suitable jobsC. are more interested in tasks related to sci

44、ence D. are more responsible and do their work better33. The underlined word “detectable” in Para.9 can be replaced by “_”A. desirable B. predictable C. noticeable D. changeable34. In Para.1, the writer described the work of the fourth optician in a(n) _ tone.A. ironic B. straightforward C. critical

45、 D. approving35. Why did the writer cry in the Walmart?A. Because she found it hard to educate her daughter.B. Because she felt she could have done in a better way.C. Because she strongly felt a sense of failure as a mother.D. Because she felt it a shame to be watched by so many customers.第二节（共5小题；每

46、小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Community Service Nowadays high schools are faced with a very controversial issue whether or not community service hours are needed to graduate. High schools are arguing that 40 hours of community service are needed to graduate, but many upset stud

47、ents are voicing protests(反对) to this demand. Supporters of the community service project argue that while high school students are participating in community service, they will become better aware of what the real world is like. Students will learn valuable life lesson by doing community service. _

48、 36_ They feel that if high school students are forced to do community service they will begin to see it as a punishment and as something that they have to do because it is required instead of something that they want to do. Students will in the future look back at the community service projects tha

49、t they were forced to do throughout high school. _ 37 _ Another idea that the protestors give about this community service issue is time restriction. When a student goes to school full time, he is involved in after-class activities and also works. _ 38 _ Supporters argue back that high school studen

50、ts only need to fulfill 40hours of community service throughout 4 years. If students well manage their time and start the community service in their first year in high school, all they need to do is an hour every other week. _ 39_ The protestors argue that high school students do not have their driv

51、ers license, so how are they expected to get to their community service site when their parents or friends are at work or just too busy to give them a ride. _ 40_ .The supporters argue that students can find community service projects close to home or if they live in the country find another student

52、 to car pool with. In my opinion, community service is a wonderful thing that everyone should be required to do at some point in their life, but are high school students mature and responsible enough to take on community service projects at this stage in their life? A. Protestors have struck back wi

53、th a very solid argument.B. A final controversial issue that appears is transportation.C. Students will feel good about themselves for helping others in need.D. They will continue to carry a negative attitude towards community service for their lifetime.E. Both sides have solid arguments about why c

54、ommunity service should or should not be forced upon students. F. Unless the school offers a means of transportation for the students there really is no solution to this problem.G. The time that is needed to participate in a community service project may place quite a burden on the student.第三部分 英语知识

55、运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When I was a teenager, my dad did everything he could to discourage me from becoming a brewer. Hed spent his life in local breweries, _41_ making a living, as had his father and grandfather before him. S

56、o I did as he asked. I went to business school and got a highly paid job at a business-consulting firm. _42_ , after working there five years, I was obsessed by _43_ . Is this what I want to be doing when Im 50?I remembered that some time before, my dad had been cleaning out the attic and _44_ some

57、old beer _45_ . “Todays beer is _ 46_ water that can hold a head,” hed told me.I agreed. Americans pay good money for _47_ beer, I thought. Why not make good beer for Americans using my family way?I decided to quit my job to become a brewer. When I told Dad, I was hoping hed put his arm around me an

58、d get _48_ about continuing tradition. Instead he said, “Jim, that is the _ 49_ thing Ive ever heard!” _50_ Dad objected, in the end he became my new companys first _ 51_ , coughing up $40,000 when I opened the Boston Beer Company in 1984. Going from my fancy office to being a brewer was like mounta

59、in climbing: exciting, liberating but _52 _ . All my safety nets were gone.Once the beer was made, I faced my biggest _53_ yet: no one had ever heard of it. I needed a name that was _ 54_ and elegant, so I called my beer Samuel Adams, _ 55_ the brewer and patriot who helped to found the Boston Tea P

60、arty.The only way to get the word out, I realized, was to sell direct. I filled my briefcase with beer and _56_ every bar in Boston. Six weeks later, at the Great American Beer Festival, Sam Adams Boston Lager won the top prize for American beer. The rest is history. It wasnt supposed to _ 57_ this

61、way what ever does? but in the end I was _ 58_ to be a brewer.My advice to all young enterprisers is simple: life is very long, so dont _ 59_ to make decisions. Life doesnt let you_60_. .41. A. barelyB. easily C. readilyD. adequately42. A OtherwiseB. Still. C. ThoughD. Anyhow43. A. fearB. desireC. r

62、egretD. doubt44. A. brought aboutB. picked outC. came acrossD. put down45. A. receiptsB. cansC. recipesD. labels46. A. basicallyB. particularlyC. roughly D. exactly47. A. inferiorB. superbC. fakeD. sour48. A. miserableB. amusedC. thrilledD. concerned49. A. smartestB. rudestC. toughest D. stupidest50

63、. A. As soon asB. As much asC. As far asD. As long as51. A. employerB. customerC. salesmanD. investor52. A. inspiringB. frighteningC.relaxing D. pushing53. A. opportunityB. decisionC. obstacleD. defeat54. A. understandableB. recognizableC. honorableD. respectable55. A. afterB. byC. asD. for56. A. hi

64、tB. gotC. calledD. promoted57. A. make outB. reach outC. work outD. set out58. A. appointedB. consideredC. destinedD. intended59. A. hesitateB. needC. waitD. rush60. A. delayB. planC. dreamD. Prepare第II卷第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。When youre fed up

65、with self-centred twenty-somethings, try to remember that they_61_(be) 33 one day. Beneath the version are latest _62_ (believe) that 33 is the age _63_ they lose the all about me attitude _64_ by 33 youthful, selfishness dies down with people beginning to consider the feelings of others more often,

66、 _65_ (base)on latest research. The older we get, the more_66_ (self) we are in almost all areas of life with the exception of volunteering in the community.It is generally believed that having children is _67_ turning point in changing our attitudes _68_ other people. This is when we consider ourse

67、lves to be worrying more about other people and things for them, such as checking how they are getting home, offering to help with childcare and doing airport runs.Those who havent reached 33 are most likely to admit being particularly selfish. 40 percent of this age group, _69_ , regularly voluntee

68、r for charity or their community - higher than any other age group. Statistically, the age at which we are most selfish is our teenage years with people saying that just growing up was_70_ made them more likely to consider other people.短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有

69、1O处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( )，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改1O处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Unionis strength Whenever youre faced with difficulties or in a dilemma ,cooperation plays an important part in getting you out of troubleTher

70、e was a time when I was too proud that I overlooked my classmate . refusing to work together with them. Therefore .it was no doubt that I was left alone . suffering from loneliness and failure. Unfortunately a teacher impressed on me the value of cooperation. From then on ,I learned to help others a

71、nd turn to my friends for the help whenever I had difficulty finish a task on my own. Surely cooperation made a great difference. Now I am getting well with my friend.My experience has teach me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation can we go beyond ourselves As the saying go Unite

72、d we stand ;divided we fall.第五部分 书面表达（满分 25 分） 阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 In campus violence cases in Beijing during the last five years, 14 percent of the offenders not only beat others, but also insulted(侮辱）them. They slapped(打耳光）others, made them kneel down, and in some cases took off other p

73、eoples clothes. Violence at schools has been widely reported in media in recent years 一 the violence among teenagers has drawn public and government attention. On Nov 11, the Ministry of Education, along with eight other central sectors, published a guideline on dealing with school violence. The gui

74、deline stressed that students with serious behavioral problems should be handed over to special schools. Or, in more serious cases, they may take criminal responsibility and be sent to prison. “The common tolerant attitude toward violence should be changed,” wrote Jiaxing Daily. “When teenagers do something wrong, we should tolerate and help them when necessary. But all of this has a limit. 写作内容 1.以约 30 个词概括上文的内容要点： 2.然后以约 120 个词写作以下相关内容： (1)校园暴力存在且越来越严重的原因（至少两点）； (2)你认为如何应对校园暴力（至少两点）； 写作要求 1.不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名答案高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！