2022版新高考人教版英语一轮复习课时练：4 必修1　UNIT 4　EARTHQUAKES WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时提能练(四) 必修1Unit 4EarthquakesA：知识层面.语境语法填空A(考查派生词) Due to the 1destruction (destroy) of their natural habitat, wild animals in this area are being endangered. To avoid any serious 2injury (injure) to wildlife, a nature reserve was built last month. Our local government received many letters of 3cong

2、ratulation (congratulate) from all walks of life. Many people donated money as an 4expression (express) of appreciation and support. According to a 5judgment (judge) made by some experts, this reserve would have an 6extremely (extreme) positive effect on the local ecosystem.B(考查动词)Typhoon Morakot ca

3、used Taiwans worst destruction in half a century, killing 15 people and 7injuring (injure) numerous. Riverbanks 8burst (burst) due to the heavy rain. A village 9was buried (bury) by a landslide though the villagers had been warned that their village would be at risk of 10being ruined (ruin). Helicop

4、ters were sent to the 11destroyed (destroy) areas because many people 12trapped (trap) under the roofs needed 13to be rescued (rescue)C(考查句型)Some students, most of whom are girls, become too stressed 14to sleep (sleep) well the night before an important exam. However, 15all teachers are not skilled

5、at helping them stay calm and relaxed. Some teachers even completely ignore this fact as if it never 16existed (exist). Experienced teachers will say something like “You can do it! Youre the best.” Everywhere they encounter a nervous student，these encouraging words do help build up his/her confidenc

6、e.根据提示补全句子 1该公司太小，无法与大公司竞争。 The firm is too small to compete against large companies.2如想通过考试，我就必须埋头学习。I shall have to bury myself in my studies if I am to pass the exam.3他与他们说话的口气就像个孩子一样。He talked to them as if he were a child4搬进来之后，他们发现并非两个房间都没装空调。When they moved in，they found that both rooms were

7、not airconditioned.5从他说的话来看，他是一个明智的人。Judging from/by what he said, he is a wise man.B：能力层面.阅读理解A(2020“四省八校”第二次教学质量检测)Fires sweeping across the Amazon rainforest this year have been a hot topic as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen the climate change crisis and thre

8、aten biodiversity(生物多样性)As the largest rainforest in the world，the Amazon rainforest is often called“the lungs of the world”It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals，and 1 million native people.The vast areas of the rainforest play an important role in the worlds ecosystem bec

9、ause they absorb heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere.They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen，ensuring that less carbon dioxide is released，mitigating the effects of climate change.“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and people，” Thomas Lovejoy，an ecolo

10、gist at George Mason University told National Geographic.“The overwhelming threat is that a lot of carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere，”he stressed.“In the midst of the global climate crisis，we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity.The Amazon rainforest must be p

11、rotected，”U.N.Secretary General Antnio Guterres said.Data from the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year compared to the same period last year.A total of 71，497 forest fires were regi

12、stered in the country in the first eight months of 2019，up from 39，194 in the same period in 2018，INPE said.“We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months，”Carlos Nobre，a researcher at the University of

13、 Sao Paulo，told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest，whose degradation (恶化)could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall.The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined，but the emergency has transcended(超出)Brazils bo

14、rders，reaching Peruvian，Paraguayan and Bolivian regions.【语篇解读】科学家和环保组织担心席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性。今年，位于巴西的部分亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。1What does the underlined word“mitigating”in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AIncreasing.BRelieving.CIgnoring.DImproving.B词义猜测题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，大片的热带雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它们吸收热量，而不是将热量反射

15、回大气中；此外，热带雨林还储存二氧化碳并制造氧气，以确保更少的二氧化碳被释放。由此可知，热带雨林能够减轻气候变化带来的影响。故可推知画线词的含义与“relieving”的含义相近，故选B。2What can we learn from Thomass and Antnios words?AThe biodiversity makes the rainforest unique.BThe rainforest fires result in serious consequences.CThe global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.D

16、The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.B推理判断题。根据第三段中Thomas所说的话“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and people”以及Antnio所说的话“In the midst of the global climate crisis，we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity”可知，Thomas认为任何森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和人们的威胁，Antnio认为

17、在全球气候危机的情况下，我们承担不起氧气和生物多样性的主要来源(即亚马逊雨林)被更多破坏的后果。由此可推知，两人意在表明，雨林大火导致了严重的后果。故选B。【干扰项分析】根据上述分析可知，两人并没有强调生物多样性成就了雨林的独特性，故A项表述错误。3Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4?ATo prove the importance of the rainforest.BTo show the reason for forest fires.CTo explain the process of the research.DTo

18、 present the reduction in rainforest areas.D推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased”和第三句中的“the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent”可推知，第四段列举数字是为了说明，亚马逊雨林由于森林火灾的影响，其面积减少了一些。故选D。4What does this passage mainly talk

19、about?AThe climate change crisis is worsening.BThe forest areas are on the decline.C“The lungs of the world” is burning.DThe worlds ecosystem is under attack.C主旨大意题。文章第一段为文章的总述部分，表明本年席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性；第二至第五段介绍了亚马逊雨林火灾对生物多样性以及森林面积等的影响，其中第四段又突出强调亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。由此可知C项符合题意。B(2020辽宁省实验中学一模)Maybe

20、 you take vitamins regularly supporting brainpower，or stock up on these foods that boost brain health.But new guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) suggest theres something better you can do to keep your mind sharp.A quarter of adults aged 80 to 84 experience mild cognitive (认知的) i

21、mpairment，according to AAN.To address the widespread problem，a group of neurologists and Alzheimers (阿尔茨海默症) specialists went through existing studies to define the best ways to prevent and treat cognitive declineand you might be surprised by what they included and what they didnt.Surprisingly，the A

22、AN guidelines dont include any medication(药物) or dietary recommendations.The authors stress that there havent been any highquality，longterm studies finding foods or medication can help cognitive decline.The guidelines also say doctors can consider suggesting cognitive training to patients with memor

23、y loss but not rely on it.At the present time，the reports authors say the evidence is too inconclusive to say for sure if brain exercises，like memory and attention training or problemsolving for everyday issues associated with memory loss，are beneficial.Still，these morning brain exercises cant do an

24、y harm.But there was one big discovery from the new guidelines: Exercising just twice a week could improve cognitive decline.One study showed adults with mild cognitive impairment who did resistance training twice a week scored better on executive function and associative memory tests than a group t

25、hat worked on balancing，stretching，and relaxing.Whats more，another study had older adults attend either biweekly health classes or sessions of aerobics，strength training，balance exercises，and multitasking training.Six months later，the ones whod exercised regularly scored better on cognitive health a

26、nd memory tests，and had less brain shrinkage.AAN now recommends doctors tell patients with memory loss to exercise twice a week to keep their minds sharp.This is the best time to exercise if you want to improve your memory.It looks like youve got just one more reason to clear time in your schedule f

27、or a workout even if its only on the weekends.【语篇解读】研究发现，每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍。5What does the underlined word “impairment” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AError.BDecline.CDevelopment.DPresence.B词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“To address the widespread problem，a group of neurologists and Alzheimers(阿尔茨海默症) special

28、ists went through existing studies to define the best ways to prevent and treat cognitive decline”可知，为了解决这个普遍性的问题，一群神经病学家和阿尔茨海默症专家仔细琢磨现有的研究来明确预防和治疗认知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，画线词应与decline词义相近，故选B。6ANN may be uncertain about _Astrength trainingBresistance trainingCexercising twice a weekDmorning brain exercisesD

29、细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，报告的作者说目前还没有确凿的证据来确定大脑锻炼是否有益。故D项符合题意。7Which of the following may the author agree with?ADaily exercises are beneficial to Alzheimers.BThe AAN guidelines attach importance to workouts.CMedication is of significance in the ANN guidelines.DStocking up on vitamins supporting brainpower

30、 means nothing.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But there was one big discovery from the new guidelines：Exercising just twice a week could improve cognitive decline”以及第六段第一句可知，AAN认为每周锻炼两次可以改善认知衰退并建议医生让丧失记忆的病人每周锻炼两次以保持大脑的敏锐。据此可知，AAN重视锻炼，故B项正确。【干扰项分析】A项中的“Daily exercises”(每天锻炼)不符合文意；根据第一段的内容可知，作者并没有完全否定服用维生素，只是说有更好的方法来

31、保持大脑的敏锐，故D项错误。8In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?AExercise.BEntertainment.CScience. DHealth.D文章出处题。 通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句为全文的主旨句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新发现每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍；据此可推知，本文的主题为健康，故D项正确。.阅读七选五During the outbreak of COVID19，the World Health Organization (WHO) has offere

32、d basic protective measures to the public against the virus.Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcoholbased waterfree hand sanitizing gel if your hands are not visibly dirty. 1 2 If you sneeze or cough into your hands，you may contaminate (污染) objects or people that you touch.Throw t

33、he tissue immediately into a closed bin and clean hands with alcoholbased waterfree hand sanitizing gel or soap and water.Keep at least onemeter distance between yourself and other people，particularly those who are coughing，sneezing and have a fever，because coughs or sneezes of people who are infect

34、ed with a respiratory (呼吸的) disease project (喷射)small drops containing the virus. 3 Avoid touching your eyes，nose and mouth because hands touch many surfaces，which can be contaminated with the virus.If you touch your eyes，nose or mouth with your contaminated hands，you can transfer the virus from the

35、 surface to yourself.Tell your health care provider if you have been to an area where the epidemic has been reported，or if you have been in close contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms.Practice general hygiene measures when visiting live animal markets，wet markets or animal product market

36、s. 4 Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids on the soil or structures of shops and market facilities. 5 Handle raw meat，milk，or animal organs carefully to avoid crosscontamination with uncooked food.AAvoid eating animal productsBIf you are too close，you can breathe in the

37、 virusCThis helps know the virus if its on your handsDAvoid eating raw or undercooked animal productsEThis helps remove the virus if its on your handsFStrictly avoid any contact with other animals in the marketGCover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing and sneezing【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了世界卫生组织给公众提

38、供的预防新冠肺炎的基本措施。1E本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了要勤洗手，又结合语境可知，本空讲的应是勤洗手的好处，故E项符合语境。2G根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，本空是中心句。本段主要讲了咳嗽和打喷嚏时人们应该采取的措施，故G项符合语境，概括该段内容。3B本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了与他人要保持的距离以及这样做的原因，故本空讲的应该是这样做的好处，或不这样做的话可能会存在的风险，所以B项符合语境。4F分析本段内容可知，本段主要讲了人们去市场时应该采取的通用卫生措施；空后讲的是避免接触商店或市场里可能被污染的动物废物或液体，故F项符合语境。5D本空是中心句。本段主要讲了人们应认真地处理生肉

39、、奶或动物器官以避免生食导致的交叉污染，故D项与本段内容相符，所以选D项。.语法填空(2020深圳市普通高中统一测试)When you read a book，youve probably noticed that a brand new book has a rather special smell，1_differs from that of an older book.Where does 2_ come from? There are three sourcesthe paper，the ink and the glue.The Chinese first produced paper

40、，one of the greatest 3_ (invent)in the world.It is made 4_ wood.The wood must be processed with various chemicals 5_(add) to change its structure，to remove acid and to whiten the paper.Then comes the inkthere are many kinds.Some fade with time，while others get 6_(dark) than years ago.Finally，differe

41、nt glues are used to join the sheets together and attach the covers，whether hardcovers 7_paperbacks.Therefore，you can smell different chemicals 8_ (come)out of your new book.Today，the forms of books 9_(change) dramatically since the birth of ebooks.They might be 10_ (convenience)，but you cant give y

42、our copy to others as a present，and they dont smell as nice.【语篇解读】当你读一本书时，你会注意到新书会发出一种相当特别的气味，这种气味来源于纸张、墨水和粘书所使用的胶水。1which考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代“a rather special smell”，故填which。2it/that考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指代“a rather special smell”，故用代词it或that。3inventions考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的“one of”可知，此处应用

43、名词的复数形式，故填inventions。4from考查介词。此处表示纸是用木材制成的，应用介词from。be made from意为“由制成”，尤在原料已完全改变，无法辨认时；be made of意为“用制成”，此时原料并未改变，仍可辨认。5added考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词add和其逻辑主语chemicals构成动宾关系，应用其过去分词形式。6darker考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的比较级标志词“than”和语境可知，此处应用比较级。7or考查固定用法。此处表示不管是精装书还是平装书。whether.or.表示“不管还是”，故填or。8coming考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词come和其逻辑主语chemicals构成主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。9have changed/have been changing考查时态。根据该句中的“since the birth of ebooks”可知，此处可用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作到现在已经结束；此处也可用现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续到说话时刻，可能还要继续下去。10convenient考查词性转换。“be形容词”构成系表结构，故填convenient。