2022版高考英语 Unit 1 Great scientists Part 1 Warming Up Pre-reading Reading &Comprehending练习（含解析）新人教版必修5.docx

1、Unit 1Great scientistsPart 1Warming Up, Pre-reading, Reading &Comprehending基础过关练.单词拼写1.Sherlock(怀疑) that the man was lying.2.Students should learn to(照顾) to themselves when their parents are not at home.3.The medical(专家) Charles M. Rice shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2020 with t

2、wo other scientists.4.For the first time in history, hepatitis C (丙型肝炎) now can be(治愈).5.At the end of the meeting, it was(宣布)that an agreement had been reached.6.The extent of the damage could not have been(预见).7.The Los Angeles Lakers(击败) the Miami Heat and won the champion in 2020.8.She admitted

3、to herself she didnt know how to h the problem.选词填空put forward; slow down; draw a conclusion; ink.to.; prevent.from.1.The students havea series of questions.2.Our country has succeeded inthe novel coronavirus spreading. 3.The video camerasa powerful computer.4.It is difficult towithout enough eviden

4、ce.5.The caras it passed the crossroad.单句语法填空1.It is a pity that some(science) books of ancient China have been lost.2.We discussed the problem many times, but still could not come to a(conclude).3.There are more than 740 million Chinese(expose) to second-hand smoking in public places now.4.There wi

5、ll be many difficult and(challenge) days ahead.5.When deeply(absorb) in work, he often forgets all about eating or sleeping.6.The epidemic has(severe)affected the economy of the whole world.7.Measures must be taken to reduce water (pollute) before it gets worse.8.There has been no formal(announce) b

6、y either government. 9.Now neither my wife nor I (be)able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.10.(blame)for the accident, the boy felt unfair and aggrieved.课文语法填空John Snow was a famous doctor in London. In his time cholera was the1(dead)disease. So John Snow made up his mind to help ordinary

7、people2(expose)to cholera. He knew it would never be under control3its cause was found. He thought people absorbed this disease4their bodies with their meals. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he gathered information and marked on a map the exact places5all the dead people had lived. It w

8、as valuable and it seemed that the water was6(blame). Then John Snow found that the water came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately took action and the disease slowed down. He was able to draw a conclusion that cholera was spread by germs. He also found supporting e

9、vidence7(show) that all the deaths8(link)to the polluted water. So he announced with9(certain)that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies10(examine). Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7.

10、 8. 9. 10.能力提升练.阅读理解A(2021河北沧州高二上月考,)If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image would come to your mind? The idea that most of the kids have is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and cups of colorful liquids giving off clouds of smoke. As for adults, the majority

11、regard scientists as strange people who spend a lot of time working in a lonely lab. However, the reality is quite different.Recently Ive had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my lab and into Costa Rica. It has a large amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement betw

12、een North and South America. It is home to more than 500,000 species (物种), which represents nearly 4% of the species worldwide!First we worked to protect wildlife at a leatherback turtle (棱皮龟) protection center. We helped the volunteers to remove rubbish from the beach to create a safe environment f

13、or turtle eggs to come out. After that we stayed at Arenal Volcano where we studied crustal(地壳的) activity linked to earthquakes. During our stay at Arenal, we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest. On the last day we got a professional introduction of rocket (火箭

14、) science and learned about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station.During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesnt mean working in a lab day and night. A scientist is the one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world

15、from helping protect wildlife, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets. I think that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!1.According to Paragraph 1, scientists are often believed.A.to d

16、o experiments in messy labsB.to spend too much time in labsC.to wear clothes in a different wayD.to work in dangerous conditions2.What did the author do in Costa Rica?A.He experienced an earthquake.B.He took part in rocket experiments.C.He picked up rubbish on the beach.D.He helped the volunteers co

17、llect turtle eggs.3.What does the author learn about science from his Costa Rica experience?A.Science is full of boring experiments.B.Science is related to chemical liquids.C.Science is more than working in a lab.D.Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.

18、What a Scientist Is likeB.Where a Scientist WorksC.How I Traveled in Costa RicaD.Why I Chose to Study ScienceB(2020黑龙江鹤岗一中高二上期末,)Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist.Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the most outstanding experimental scientist of the 17th c

19、entury. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect Christopher Wren.Hookes early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came

20、 in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of Londonmeaning that he was responsible for demonstratin

21、g (展示) new experiments at the societys weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes. He invented a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cor

22、k (软木塞) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cellsthe smallest units of life. In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the box-like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery (修道院).Another achievement of Hookes is his book Micrographia, which

23、introduces the enormous potential of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theo

24、retical frameworks on these phenomena.Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater on the moon is named after him in honour of his service to this branch of science.5.Why did Hooke accept the job as Curator of Experiments?A.He liked designing experiments.B.His family needed his supp

25、ort.C.His parents couldnt afford his education.D.He wanted to please some famous scientists.6.What does the underlined word “pastimes” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Jobs.B.Experiments.C.Hobbies.D.Structures.7.What can we know about Hooke?A.He went to Oxford in 1645.B.He was well paid at the Royal Society of

26、 London.C.He made a contribution to medicine.D.His book Micrographia may have helped Newton.8.Which word can be used to describe Hooke?A.Honest.B.Creative.C.Reliable.D.Modest.七选五(2020河南师大附中高二上期末,)How to Succeed in ScienceTo succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to c

27、ombine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they block your forward path. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success.1That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. Its like playing any game. Even as a child, I n

28、ever wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it will give you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isnt simply to win; its to win at something really difficult. 2.Take risksTo make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into d

29、eep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition. 3. This can be more than personally upsetting.Never do anything that bores youMy experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leaves you a

30、lone. Im not good enough to do well in something I dislike. 4.Its very hard to succeed if you dont want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectio

31、nable.So my final rule is: 5.A.Meet challenges with great courageB.If you cant stand being with your real peers, get out of scienceC.Put another way, its to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on topD.Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep messE.Avoid foolish peopleF.In fa

32、ct, I find it hard to do well in something I likeG.Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes1. 2. 3. 4. 5.答案全解全析Unit 1Great scientistsPart 1Warming Up, Pre-reading, Reading &Comprehending基础过关练.1.suspected2.attend3.expert4.cured5.announced6.foreseen7.defeated8.handle.

33、1.put forward2.preventing;from3.are linked to4.draw a conclusion5.slowed down.1.scientific考查形容词。句意:很可惜的是,我国古代的一些科学著作已经失传。修饰名词books应用形容词,表示“科学的”,故填scientific。2.conclusion考查名词。句意:我们讨论过这个问题很多次了,但是依然无法得出结论。come to a conclusion得出结论。故填conclusion。3.exposed考查非谓语动词。句意:目前有超过7.4亿中国人在公共场所会接触到二手烟。分析可知此处是非谓语动词作定语

34、,Chinese和expose之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词。4.challenging考查形容词。句意:今后将会有很多艰苦和充满挑战性的日子。修饰名词days应用形容词,challenging是形容词,意为“挑战性的”。5.absorbed考查非谓语动词。句意:极其专心于工作时,他经常废寝忘食。When deeply.in work是状语从句的省略,补充完整后是When he is deeply absorbed in work,此处省略了主语he和be动词。be absorbed in专心于。故应用过去分词absorbed。6.severely考查副词。句意:疫情已严重影响了全世界的

35、经济。修饰谓语动词应用副词,故填severely。7.pollution考查名词。句意:必须在水污染变得更糟之前采取措施,以减少水污染。water pollution意为“水污染”。pollution是不可数名词。8.announcement考查名词。句意:双方政府都还未作正式通告。形容词formal修饰名词,此处表示“通告”,再根据空前的has可知填announcement。9.am考查时态和主谓一致。句意:现在我的妻子和我都不能说服我的女儿改变主意。neither.nor.连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,再根据时间状语为Now以及就近的主语为I可知填am。10.Blamed

36、考查非谓语动词。句意:为这起事故受到了责备,这个男孩感到不公平和委屈。由句意可知此处指“因受了责备”,需用(be)blamed for,设空处用过去分词作状语,故填Blamed。.1.deadly考查形容词。分析句子可知,句中指霍乱是那个年代致命的疾病,deadly意为“致命的”,设空处修饰disease,需用形容词deadly。2.exposed考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处为后置定语,修饰ordinary people,ordinary people与expose为逻辑上的被动关系,故此处需用过去分词exposed。3.until考查固定句型。句意:他知道直到找到病因,它(霍乱)才能

37、得到控制。根据句型not/never.until.(直到才)可知,应填until。4.into考查介词。此处表示“把疾病吸收进体内”,absorb.into.意为“把吸收进”,符合语境,故填into。5.where考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为places,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。6.to blame考查固定用法。be to blame意为“(对坏事)负有责任”,此时to blame为主动形式表示被动意义。7.showing考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词作定语,修饰evidence,evidence与show为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作定语。故填sh

38、owing。8.were linked考查时态、语态及主谓一致。that引导宾语从句,设空处为从句的谓语,根据语境及主句中的found可知应用一般过去时;固定短语be linked to意为“与有关”;宾语从句的主语为all the deaths(复数形式),故设空处需填were linked。9.certainty考查词性转换。with为介词,后需用名词形式,with certainty为固定短语,意为“坚信,确信”。10.be examined考查虚拟语气和语态。suggest在句中意为“建议”,后接宾语从句时,从句需采用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省

39、略。再根据examine与宾语从句的主语the source of all the water supplies之间为被动关系可知需用被动语态,故填be examined。能力提升练.A语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历帮助人们尤其是孩子们消除对科学家的固有印象,让人们了解科学家究竟是什么样的人。1.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“As for adults, the majority regard scientists as strange people who spend a lot of time working in a lonely lab.(对于成年人来说,大多数人认为

40、科学家是奇怪的人,他们花很多时间在一个偏僻的实验室里工作。)”可知,大多数人认为科学家都花太多时间在实验室里。故选B。根据文章第一段中的“a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and cups of colorful liquids giving off clouds of smoke”可以看出,未涉及A、C两个选项。D项(在危险的环境中工作)文中未涉及。2.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We helped the volunteers to remove rubbish from the beach to

41、 create a safe environment for turtle eggs to come out. (我们帮助志愿者清除海滩上的垃圾,为海龟蛋的孵化创造一个安全的环境。)”可知,作者在哥斯达黎加的海滩帮助清除垃圾。故选C,同时排除了D。根据第三段中的“studied crustal (地壳的) activity linked to earthquakes”和“got a professional introduction of rocket (火箭) science and learned about new rocket technology”可以排除A、B。3.C细节理解题。根

42、据文章第四段中的“During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesnt mean working in a lab day and night. A scientist is the one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world from helping protect wildlife, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets. I think that s

43、cience is so much more than.chemicals.(在我在哥斯达黎加的经历中,我知道了成为一名科学家并不意味着要在实验室里日夜工作。一个科学家是这样的人,他热爱学习,喜欢从帮助保护野生动物、了解地震或者发明火箭的经历中更好地了解世界。我认为科学远远不止是穿着实验服混合化学药品。)”可知,作者从他的经历中认识到,科学不仅仅是在实验室里工作。故选C。A:科学充满了无聊的实验;B:科学与化学液体有关;D:科学是关于野生动物和地震的。4.A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image

44、would come to your mind?(如果让你想象一个科学家,你会想到什么形象?)”及全文其他内容可知,作者通过自己的经历帮助人们尤其是孩子们消除对科学家的固有印象,让人们了解科学家究竟是什么样的人。所以用“What a Scientist Is like(科学家是什么样的)”作为文章标题最合适。故选A。 B项是说科学家工作的地点,只是文章提到的某个方面,不能概括全文主旨;C项说的是作者是如何在哥斯达黎加旅行的,D项说的是作者为什么要选择学科学,C、D均与文章主旨不符,故排除。【高频词汇】1.give off发出,放出2.majority n.大多数 3.regard.as. 把视

45、为4.a large amount of大量的5.represent linking verb等于,相当于 vt.代表6.be aware of知道;意识到7.be related to与相关原句The idea that most of the kids have is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and cups of colorful liquids giving off clouds of smoke.分析本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是The idea,a man是表语,wearing.c

46、oat是现在分词短语作定语,修饰a man;that most of the kids have是that引导的定语从句,修饰The idea;giving off.smoke是现在分词短语作定语,修饰liquids。句意大多数孩子的想法是一个男人穿着一件白色的实验服,头发凌乱,戴着大眼镜,有很多杯五颜六色的液体,散发着一团团的烟。B语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国伟大的科学家、细胞的发现者罗伯特胡克。5.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing

47、 instruments.可知,胡克在设计实验和发明仪器方面非常优秀,由此推断他接受实验馆长一职的原因是他喜欢设计实验。而B、C、D选项都属于“无中生有”,文中没有涉及这些内容。故选A。6.C词义猜测题。根据上文胡克对实验的喜欢以及第三段他为了观察生物而发明一种复合显微镜可知,用显微镜观察生物是他最喜欢做的事情,由此推断 “pastime”的意思是“爱好”。A项意为“工作”;B项意为“实验”;D项意为“结构”。故选C。7.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的The book.that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were devel

48、oping their own theoretical frameworks on these phenomena.可知,书中的一些观点可能对像牛顿这样的科学家发展自己的理论框架有所帮助,由此可知胡克的显微术这本书可能对牛顿有帮助。由第二段内容可知,1662年胡克28岁,他是在13岁进入Westminster School,然后上的牛津大学,他13岁时是1647年,所以上牛津大学的时间不可能是1645年,所以A项错误。B选项“他在英国皇家学会薪水很高”和文中第二段最后一句中的even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him

49、相悖。全文没有提及他对医学方面的贡献,故C选项“他对医学做出了贡献”内容错误。故选D。8.B推理判断题。文章介绍了胡克的很多成就,而且他喜欢做实验,也发明了很多仪器,由此推断他是富有创造性的。而其他三个选项(A项“诚实的”;C项“可信赖的”;D项“谦虚的”)所说的品质在文中没有体现。故选B。【高频词汇】1.guidance n.指导2.instrument n.仪器;工具3.responsible adj.负责任的4.potential n.潜力;潜在性 adj.潜在的;可能的5.fascinating adj.迷人的;吸引人的6.contribution n.贡献7.in honour of

50、 为向表示敬意;为了纪念原句The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theoretical frameworks on these phenomena.分析本句是一个主从复合句。其中among other things是插入语,句子的主干是“The book also includes ideas”,

51、“on gravity, light and combustion”是修饰ideas的介词短语,而that引导的定语从句也修饰ideas,在该定语从句中when引导时间状语从句。句意除了其他方面,这本书还包括关于重力、光和燃烧的想法,当像牛顿这样的科学家在发展自己关于这些现象的理论框架时,这些想法可能曾经帮助过他们。.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在科学上取得成功。1.E根据标题后内容可知,作者认为只有和比自己聪明的人在一起才能学到东西,所以建议避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故选E。2.C根据设空处前一句话可知,作者认为在科学或生活的游戏中,最高的目标不仅仅是获胜,而是成功地做好一些非常

52、困难的事情。换句话说,要通过克服困难来超越自我,使自己名列前茅。C选项是对前一句话的进一步解释。3.G根据设空处前文可知,作者认为如果想取得很大的成功,科学家必须准备好陷入很深的困境中。如果你要在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃,你很可能没有资格获得成功。此外,甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄,也就是要勇于怀疑权威。G选项符合语境。4.F根据设空处前一句话中的do well in something I dislike可知,在科学研究中,对于自己不喜欢的事情人们做不好,但对于自己喜欢的事情人们也不一定能做好。故选F。5.B根据前一段的内容可知,作者建议要和其他科学家交流,从而发现自己忽略的关键事实。甚

53、至要和你的竞争对手交流,即使你觉得他们令人反感。也就是说,如果你无法忍受跟与你真正地位相当的人一起工作,你就不要进行科学研究了。故选B。【高频词汇】1.intelligence n.智力;智慧2.willingness n.乐意;意愿3.take risks 冒险4.unqualified adj.没资格的;不能胜任的5.leave sb. alone 不打扰某人petitor n.竞争者;对手7.peer n.同等地位的人;同龄人8.put another way 换句话说 9.scientific adj.科学的原句Its very hard to succeed if you dont

54、want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you.分析本句为主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句;because引导原因状语从句,该从句中where you spot key facts.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词meetings,where在从句中作状语;that would have escaped you也是一个定语从句,修饰先行词facts,that在从句中作主语。句意如果你不想和其他科学家在一起(工作),你就很难成功,因为你必须去参加一些重要会议,在那里你会发现一些关键的事实,而这些事实本来是被你忽视的。13