2022年新教材高中英语 Unit 3 War and peace Section Ⅲ Developing ideas基础训练（含解析）外研版选择性必修第三册.docx

1、Unit 3 War and peace Section Developing ideas. 单句填空1.The president announced that the country would not tolerate foreign aggression (aggressive).2.“That sort of thing makes me sick,” he said roughly (rough).3.No matter when the invaders (invade) come, they will be wiped out clean.4.Everyone has seen

2、 a depiction (depict) similar to this one in movies and on television.5.Our glorious (glory) troops continue to advance without losing a foot of ground.6.She worked with great dedication (dedicate) to find a cure for the disease.7.Do you have any excuses to offer for frequent absence from collective

3、 (collect) practice?8.For a time, she dated Barl Miller, who we heard was romantically （romantic） involved with Eleanor.9.He is engaged in making preparations for the conference on educational （education） work.10.Landslides commonly occur in mountainous （mountain） regions of Nepal during the annual

4、monsoon（雨季） rains. 同义替换light up， be packed like sardines， lay the foundation for， shirk ones duty， a sense of1.You cannot expect to continue avoiding responsibility without someone noticing. shirking your duty 2.Suddenly， the dark theater was brightened by waving sticks， which were like stars in a d

5、ark sky. was lit up 3.Instead， there is awareness of longing as he recalls the few times when he and his dad would sit together and watch football matches. a sense of 4.The metro arrived at the station with passengers crowded everywhere . packed like sardines 5.The success of the flight will be the

6、basis of a series of future Chinese space projects. lay the foundation for . 完成句子1.你在五月可以看到这种花。（强调句型） It is in May that you can see this kind of flower.2.孩子们喜欢去农场玩是不足为怪的。（no wonder） It is no wonder that the children love to visit the farm.3.被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。（过去分词短语作状语） Asked why he was late ，he cried.

7、4.三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。 A third of the population is living at or below the poverty line.5.我们不仅应该身体健康，还要保持好的体形。（not onlybut also）We should not only be healthy ， but also be in good shape .素养综合练. 阅读理解（2020北京延庆高二期末）Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you conside

8、r that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter， including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion th

9、in film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）. The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California， including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds， plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists lik

10、e Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags， which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be

11、 ugly to look at， they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is， the longer its life is and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. Howe

12、ver， longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use th

13、e same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city de

14、velopment.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the bes

15、t title for the text?A.Plastic， Paper or NeitherB.Industry， Pollution and the EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control答案：1.D 解析：1.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况。使用塑料袋会造成环境问题; 纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源。环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用、可重复使用的袋子。【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中one of Steins jobs is d

16、efending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags和第二段中plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，让他为使用塑料袋进行辩护。故选D。答案：2.A 解析：2.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】上文介绍

17、在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，故选A。答案：3.D 解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中However， longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. 可知，生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选D。答案：4.A 解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章介绍了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题；纸袋容易回收，但

18、生产和运输需要更多的能源。环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用、可重复使用的袋子。文章对这三种方式进行了对比，“Plastic， Paper or Neither”既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为文章标题。故选A。深度解析词汇积累assume v.假定，以为 defend v.为辩护；保卫；防守reusable adj.可再度使用的，可重复使用的 represent vt.代表；表现；描绘take aim at 瞄准；注意到；以为目标；批评长难句分析His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental

19、scientist who studies how to reduce litter， including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.当你考虑到他是一个研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家时，他这个奇怪的习惯就说得过去了，包括那些在路上行驶的垃圾车上掉下来的东西。分析：本句是主从复合句。主句为His strange habit makes sense，时间状语从句由when引导，that引导宾语从句，其中包含who引导的定语从句修饰名词scientist， including介词短语作状语，其中tha

20、t引导定语从句修饰名词things，定语从句中包含as引导的时间状语从句。. 七选五（2020江苏省如东高级中学月考）How to Fight LazinessLazy people will never gain anything in life. However， laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 1 Many people lack sleep constantly， since they stay up too late and get up too early to pre

21、pare for work. These people have little motivation（动力） once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest， you can fight laziness throughout the day.Another way

22、 to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more positive approach， viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 2 Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations（诱惑） that

23、 surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment， but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 3 Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy， such as a good dinner or a film.Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may

24、all have different energy levels， but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 4 Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others at home may finally follow your example and perform their own tasks. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated pe

25、ople. 5 Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle， thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.A.One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.B.Knowing how to fight laziness is important.C.To fight family laziness， set an example.D.Creat

26、e a reward system for yourself， just as parents do for a child.E.Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.F.Finally， taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.G.With strong determination， you will be able to achieve your goal.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案：1.A 解析：1.语篇解读 本文是

27、一篇说明文。懒惰的人总是一事无成。然而，懒惰是可以被战胜的。本文主要介绍了怎样战胜懒惰。【解题思路】根据下文Many people lack sleep constantly， since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. 可知，选项A（对抗懒惰的一个方法是有足够的睡眠）与下文衔接最好，故选A。答案：2.E 解析：2.【解题思路】根据本段中心句Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. 可知，

28、战胜懒惰要有一个积极的态度。根据空前的Others take a more positive approach， viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 可知，其他人把每一项任务都看作是他们必须独自克服的挑战。因此，选项E（当你觉得不能再掌控自己的生活时，你就会变得懒惰）与上文衔接最好。故选E。答案：3.D 解析：3.【解题思路】根据下文的Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy，such as a good dinner or a fi

29、lm. 可知，完成一些任务，用你喜欢的东西来犒劳自己，比如一顿丰盛的晚餐或看一场电影。这些是奖励自己的方式，因此，选项D（为自己创造奖励机制，就像父母为孩子做的）最符合语境，故选D。答案：4.C 解析：4.【解题思路】根据下文的Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others at home may finally follow your example可知，此处是指要树立榜样，因此，选项C（为了消除家庭的懒惰，可以树立一个榜样）与下文衔接最好，故选C。答案：5.F 解析：5.【解题思路】根据下文的Enough exerc

30、ise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle可知，足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，因此，选项F（最后，定期锻炼可以帮你战胜懒惰）最能概括本段内容，故选F。. 读后续写（2020福建福州高二期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。One Sunday morning， George Thomas， a baker in a small New England town was walking through town when he saw a y

31、oung boy coming toward him， swinging（挥舞）a bird cage in the air. On the bottom of the cage， there were three little wild birds shaking with cold and fear. George Thomas stopped the boy and asked him what he got there.The boy was happy and told him that there were just some old birds in the cage. When

32、 the baker asked him what he would do with the old birds. The boy said casually（漫不经心地）that he wanted to take the birds home and play with them. He would pull out their feathers to make them fight. He would have a really good time because he would enjoy watching these.George Thomas was shocked by wha

33、t the boy said. How could a boy be so rude to wild animals? So he continued to ask the boy what he would do to the birds when he got tired of them， because he was such a naughty and cruel boy that he was sure to be tired of them sooner or later. The boy laughed and said that he got a cat， which like

34、d birds， so he would give the birds to his cat. The baker got more worried and decided to help set free the poor birds. So he asked， “How much do you want for those birds， son? ”The boy looked at him in surprise， wondering if the baker really wanted to buy them. He laughed and reminded the man that

35、they were just plain old field birds. They didnt sing， and they were not even pretty. However， the baker insisted and continued to ask him how much money he wanted for the birds.The boy stared at the baker as if he were crazy and said， “10?” 注意: 续写词数应为150左右。The baker reached in his pocket and took o

36、ut a ten-dollar bill.The baker picked up the cage.解析：深度解析确定故事要素要素内容WhoGeorge Thomas and the boyWhenone Sunday morningWherein a small New England townWhatto buy some wild birds in the cage from the boyWhyto help set the poor birds free解析：提取故事线索故事线索The Cluethe bird-worriedsaved the birds开端BeginningGeo

37、rge Thomas saw a young boy swinging a bird cage in the air. He found the boy rude to the birds.发展DevelopmentGeorge stopped the boy and asked what he would do with the birds. What the boy said worried him so much.高潮ClimaxGeorge wanted to buy the birds.结局Ending续写部分解析：续写情境推理Para. 1: The baker reached i

38、n his pocket and took out a ten-dollar bill.1. What did the baker do after he took out the bill?He placed it in the boys hand.（给出的语言材料中有大量的动作描写，用动作描写推动故事的发展。根据续写的故事发展的延续性，此处用动作描写。）2. Did the boy sell the birds to George?The boy grasped the money firmly as if he was afraid that the baker would change

39、 his mind. In a flash， the excited boy was gone.（根据续写第二段首句推断出 the boy 把鸟给了the baker。）3. How did George feel then?He wondered how such a little boy was so naughty as to keep the poor birds in the cage， which were so lovely.（给出的语言材料中有大量的心理感受描写，利用情感线索推动故事发展。此处用wonder体现George的担心和不解。 ）Para. 2: The baker

40、picked up the cage.1. Were the birds set free?Setting the cage down， he opened the door， and by softly tapping the bars persuaded the birds out， setting them free.（续写故事要有积极向上的价值观，体现人和动物和谐相处的意识，据此推断鸟儿最终获救了。）2. How did George feel then? The baker watched the birds flying in the sky, smiling. He took t

41、he empty bird cage home happily. (根据续写部分与所给材料的线索同一性, 最后段落要通过心理描写表现达成心愿的George快乐的心情。)答案：高分范文The baker reached in his pocket and took out a ten-dollar bill. He placed it in the boys hand. The boy grasped the money firmly as if he was afraid that the baker would change his mind. In a flash, the excited

42、 boy was gone. The baker looked at the boy walking away and shook his head. He wondered how such a little boy was so naughty as to keep the poor birds in the cage, which were so lovely.; The baker picked up the cage. And he gently carried it to the end of the alley where there was a tree and a grass

43、y spot. Setting the cage down, he opened the door, and by softly tapping the bars persuaded the birds out, setting them free. The baker watched the birds flying in the sky, smiling. He took the empty bird cage home happily. Animals were friends of human beings. We should live in harmony with all the creatures.