2021届高考英语一轮复习专项点拨专题05高考阅读理解之词义猜测题.doc

1、词义猜测题目录七. 阅读理解词义猜测题17.1词义猜测题生词生义/生词生义17.2词义猜测题指代题3七. 阅读理解词义猜测题7.1词义猜测题生词生义/生词生义【命题方式】1. The underlined word “”probably means_.2. The word “”used in paragraph “”refers to/suggests_.3. The phrase “”in the sentence can be replaced by _.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “”?

2、5. What do you think of the expression “”stands for?6. The meaning of word “”in the passage is related to_.【解题技巧】1.返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。2.确定该词汇的词性3.找具有相同词性的词4.找线索：找解释说明（下定义，同位释义，举例子）5.找线索：找逻辑关系6.构词法（积累常考的词根词缀）【典例分析】*找解释说明：下定义，同位释义，举例子1.下定义：be, mean, refer to, be called, be known as, define, be considered

3、 to be, represent【典例分析】1）Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. 哑剧2）Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 人类学4）Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land”.绿色建筑2.同位释义 as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in ot

4、her words, namely .词、短语或从句，标点符号（逗号，冒号、破折号、括号）【典例分析】1）We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. 大厅2）He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. 胡须3）Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think li

5、ke people. 人工智能3.举例法： for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 以及标点符号（括号、破折号、冒号等）【典例分析】1）You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. 期刊2）Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and

6、triangles. 几何图形*找逻辑关系1.同义关系and，or, like, similarly 1）Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly（相同地） loquacious. 爱说话的2）They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 狂人2.反义关系although, but, however , whereas , nevertheless，on the contrary, in contrast, instead（of）, rather than 1）Written language

7、 tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. 不变的2）He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated . 变坏3.因果关系as a result, thus, for, because, for this reason, so, since, so that, so/suchthat1）She wanted the hairdresser（发型师） to trim her hair a bit because

8、it was too long. 修剪2） The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 浑浊3）It rained, so the football match was postponed. 延期4.语境 1) I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give up easily. 坚定的5.常识 1) Its said that Bill Gates is the most affluent perso

9、n in the world. 富裕的2) As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances. 发明*构词法：派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。【典例分析】They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him many difficult questions.在overestimate词中over-是前缀，意为“过分”。因此overestimate的词义可以猜测为“过高估计”的意思。We were told that ours

10、 was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it.Spacious是由词根space(空间)+ious(形容词后缀)构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为“有空间的，宽敞的”。7.2词义猜测题指代题【命题方式】The underlined word “they in the second paragraph refers to “_”.The underlined word one in the 3rd paragraph refers to “_”.The underlined

11、part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to “_”.【解题技巧】承前指代 代指前文出现的词或句子。【典例分析】If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shoul

12、dnt flap (摆动). It shouldnt look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The boat.B. The wind.C. The sail.D. The angle.【真题综合练习】1We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or

13、other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discove

14、ring a bug in his invented record player.”What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Explanation.B. Finding. C. Origin. D. Fault.2Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supp

15、ly and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.The underlined word “undoing” pro

16、bably refers to the pigeons _. A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution3The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hole in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of y

17、our relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in then. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute whats left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventuall

18、y it dies into “someone I once knew”.The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “_”.A. appointment B. connection C. interview D. agreement4I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the lo

19、ng train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph?A. choose B. enjoy C. p

20、repare for D. carry on5By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so succes

21、sful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Advertising in newspapers. B. Including pictures in ads.C. selling goods in markets. D. Working with ad agencies.6But ho

22、lidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits，they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.The underlined word “they in the second paragraph refers to “_”.A. environments B. hol

23、idays C. wages D. benefits7Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husbands income. So this year she did something more than a hobby(业余爱好)：She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The familys o

24、ld farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I Was looking to lose a few pounds, too；so its a win-win situation all around.”

25、What does the word “residents in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? Achickens Btomatoes Cgardens Dpeople8There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckers. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had se

26、en many years of service, but was now past its best.What does the underlined word dilapidated probably mean? A. Dirty B. Dark C. Worn-out D. Plain-looking.9 As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m. I used to use it, but now Im afr

27、aid.The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to _.A. taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport 10I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because Im in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back i

28、n New York. There, “Im having a dinner party” means: “Im booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you cant afford, and well be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.” Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. Theyll throw down cash, half of what they o

29、we, and then people like me, who dont drink, end up paying even more. But if try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: “Where are you going?” And its not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone knows I have nowhere to go.What does the word “shot” in Paragraph I probably mean?A. Choice. B. Try. C. Style. D. Goal.