2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 题型重组练（六）练习（含解析）.doc

1、题型重组练(六)(限时30分钟)对应学生用书(单独成册)第152页.阅读理解A(2020广州高三阶段检测)Lets begin with the story：King Hiero contracts the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes(阿基米德)to detect fraud in the manufacture of a golden crown.Archimedes accepts the challenge and，during a subsequent trip to the public baths，realizes that the more

2、 his body sinks into the water，the more water is displacedmaking the displaced water an exact measure of his volume.Realizing he has hit upon a method to determine whether the Kings crown was made of gold or silver，the young Greek leaps out of the bath and rushes home naked crying “Eureka！Eureka！” O

3、r translated：“Ive found it！Ive found it！”Too bad，however，Archimedes probably never uttered the word in that way.First and foremost，Archimedes himself never wrote about this episode，although he spent plenty of time detailing the laws of buoyancy(浮力)The oldest authority on the naked Archimedes eureka

4、story is Vitruvius，a Roman writer，who included the tale in his introduction to his ninth book of architecture.“Vitruvius may have gotten it wrong，”says Chris Schmitt，a mathematician and a selfdescribed Archimedes fan.“The method attributed to Archimedes in the story works in theory so it sounds righ

5、t，but when you actually try it，you find that the real world gets in the way.”In fact，Schmitt is one of a long line of scientists，including Galileo，who have read the account and thought，“That cant be right.” As Galileo wrote，Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law o

6、f buoyancy and an accurate scale.In fact，the surface tension(表面张力)of water can make the volume of a light object like a crown immeasurable.“There may be some truth to it，” Schmitt adds.“Archimedes did measure the volume of things but the eureka moment was maybe due to his original discovery concerni

7、ng buoyancy，not about sitting in the bathtub and then running through the streets naked.”Much like Newtons apple，the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of the story：a golden crown，a life being in the balance，a naked mathematician.The_suspect _foundations_of_the_eureka_moment_take_not

8、hing_away_from_the_words_ability_to_uniquely_and_concisely_convey_the_flash_of_inspiration.语篇解读阿基米德在浴室中发现浮力定律的故事广为流传，但根据科学家的发现，该故事应该不是真实的。1According to the first paragraph，how would Archimedes measure the volume of the crown?AHe would weigh himself with and without the crown.BHe would weigh the crow

9、n first and then put it into water.CHe would go to the public baths wearing the crown on his head.DHe would make the crown sink into water and measure the water displaced.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“making the displaced water an exact measure of his volume”可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉到水里面，然后通过排水量来测量王冠的体积，故选D。答案：D2What did Ga

10、lileo probably think of the nakedArchimedes eureka story?AHe believed the word “eureka” was said in another situation.BHe suspected Archimedes didnt run through the street naked.CHe doubted Archimedes carried out the experiment independently.DHe thought Archimedes would not have used the method desc

11、ribed.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As Galileo wrote，Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale.”可推知，伽利略认为，阿基米德能用其他方法得到一个更为精确的结果，而非浴室故事所描述的方法，故选D。答案：D3What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?AThe word “eureka” is st

12、ill widely used today.BThe word “eureka” is now a formal scientific term.CMost people accept the authenticity of the original story.DPeople are still inspired by the achievements of Archimedes.解析：推理判断题。根据画线句子的句意“eureka时刻的不可信的根据丝毫没有减弱这个词独特、简明地表达灵感闪现的能力”可推知，eureka这个词直到今天仍被广泛使用，故选A。答案：A4What is the pur

13、pose of this text?ATo introduce the famous scientist Archimedes.BTo examine the credibility of the eureka story.CTo explain how the word “eureka” was created.DTo urge people not to use the word “eureka” anymore.解析：写作目的题。作者在第一段用广为人知的阿基米德在浴室发现浮力定律的故事来引出话题，第二段接着表明了论点“Archimedes probably never uttered t

14、he word in that way”，第三段和第四段的内容支撑了该论点，最后一段进行了总结，所以B项正确。答案：B词汇积累：Para.1：polymath n博学之士fraud n诈骗，欺诈displace v移动；转移hit on/upon sth.突然有个好主意；偶然想到妙点子Para.3：episode n(人生的)一段经历detail v详细说明authority n专家 attribute sth.to sb.认为是所为Para.4：immeasurable adj.无法计量的Para.5：exclamation n感叹词persist v持续存在suspect adj.不可信的

15、，靠不住的be/hang in the balance悬而未决B(2020山西六校检测)In the winter of 16641665，the bitter cold fell on London in the days before 25 December.Above the city，an unusually bright comet(彗星)shot across the sky，exciting much prediction of a snowstorm.Outside the city wall，a womans death was announced and she died

16、of a disease that was spreading in that area.Her house was locked up.Following that，the virus that had killed the woman would go on to kill nearly 100，000 people living in and around Londonalmost a third of those who did not flee.In The Great Plague(瘟疫): The Story of Londons Most Deadly Year，histori

17、an ALloyd Moote and microbiologist Dorothy CMoote provide a deeply informed account of this plague year.Reading the book，readers are taken from the palaces of the citys wealthiest citizens to the poor areas where the vast majority of Londoners were living，and to the surrounding countryside. The Moot

18、es point out that，even at the height of the plague，the city did not fall into chaos.Doctors and nurses remained in the city to care for the sick；city officials tried their best to fight the crisis with all the legal tools；and commerce continued even as businesses shut down.To describe life and death

19、 in and around London，the authors focus on the experiences of nine individuals.Through their letters and diaries，the Mootes offer fresh descriptions of key issues in the history of the Great Plague: how different communities understood and experienced the disease；how medical and government bodies re

20、acted；how well the social order held together；the economic and moral dilemmas people faced when debating whether to flee the city；and the nature of the material，social，and spiritual resources supporting those who remained.Based on humanity(人性)，the authors offer a masterful portrait of a city and its

21、 inhabitants who were attacked by and daringly resisted unimaginable horror.语篇解读本文主要介绍了The Great Plague: The Story of Londons Most Deadly Year这本书的主要内容以及作者描述伦敦大瘟疫这个历史事件时所采用的写作方法。5What can we learn from Paragraph 1?AA comet always follows a storm.BLondon was under an approaching threat.CLondon was pre

22、pared for the disease.DThe woman was the beginning of the disease.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Outside the city wall，a womans death was announced and she died of a disease that was spreading in that area.”并结合语境可知，当时在伦敦市外，一种致命的疾病正在传播。由此可以推断出，伦敦正面临着一种即将到来的威胁，故选B。答案：B6What do the Mootes say about London during th

23、e Great Plague?AThe city remained organized.BThe plague spared the rich areas.CThe people tried a lot in vain.DThe majority fled and thus survived.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The Mootes point out that，even at the height of the plague，the city did not fall into chaos.”可知，两位作者指出，即使在瘟疫高峰之时，伦敦市也没有陷入混乱。该段第四句又列举了这个

24、城市保持井然有序的具体体现，故选A。答案：A7Why do the Mootes focus on the nine individuals?AThey were famous people in history.BThey all managed to survive the plague.CThey provided vivid stories of humanity.DThey united by thinking and acting as one.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是最后一句“Based on humanity，the authors offer a maste

25、rful portrait of a city and its inhabitants who were attacked by and daringly resisted unimaginable horror.”可知，以人性为基础，作者巧妙地描绘了伦敦市的情况及其居民受到难以想象的恐惧的袭击并勇敢地抵抗这种恐惧的情况，再结合该段第一句可推知，作者关注这九个人是因为这九个人提供了生动的人性故事，故选C。答案：C8Whats the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a new book.BTo correct a misunderstanding.CTo

26、report a new study.DTo show respect for the authors.解析：写作目的题。文章第一和第二段描述了瘟疫爆发时的情景，由此引出了第三和第四段对“The Great Plague: The Story of Londons Most Deadly Year”这本书的介绍。由此可知，本文的写作目的是介绍一本新书，故选A。答案：A词汇积累：Para.1：unusually adv.特别地，极，非常excite v引起；引发prediction n预测Para.2：flee v逃避，逃跑Para.3：account n描述；叙述；报告Para.4：hold

27、together(使)保持团结dilemma n(进退两难的)窘境，困境nature n种类，类型masterful adj.巧妙的portrait n描绘.完形填空(2020宜春5月模拟)2yearold Truett Palmer was born in Missouri，with a genetic disorder and an inborn(先天的)_1_ disease.He has _2_ from more than a dozen surgeries，including three open heart surgeries and a heart transplant.One

28、 thing Truett _3_ during his most recent hospital stay was weekly visits from a therapy dog named Zuri.The dog was a Goldendoodle with curly hair and it was just kind of _4_Truett has sensory issues and he _5_ anyone touching his feet，but with Zuri，he would just run his feet through her fur.When Tru

29、ett was with Zuri，it seemed the world didnt _6_After Truett left the hospital，his mom Danielle began _7_ getting a Goldendoodle for him，but found the breed(品种)especially _8_“Financially，going through a transplant and hospital stay，it wasnt going to work out in our _9_，” she said.Danielle _10_ Truett

30、s story and dream on Facebook，hoping there would be a miracle.In Seattle，Gray，a nursing student，lived alone on several acres surrounded only by her dogs.One of Grays beloved dog just had puppies and shed love to _11_ one child with special needs a(n)_12_ friend in time for Christmas.When she _13_ Tr

31、uetts story，she knew he would be the new _14_ of the puppy.“Hes got _15_ more than I could possibly imagine. Seeing how strong he is and how positive his family is about that all.I am deeply moved，” Gray said.Following a(n)_16_ effort by Gray and the Palmer family to transport Zeda _17_ state lines，

32、the Goldendoodle puppy was in Truetts arms just in time for Christmas morning.“He was so excited，” Danielle said.“You could just see the _18_ on his face the moment shes placed on his lap.Hes just so happy and _19_ her his baby.Theyre just best friends.”Truett is now on the road to good health and _

33、20_ to his transplanted heart well.Danielle says she hopes their story will encourage others to consider organ donation.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。两岁的孩子Truett Palmer在心脏移植手术治疗中，遇到了心爱的小狗。出院后，在他的家人和西雅图学生Gray共同的努力下，他真的得到了一只可爱的小狗作为圣诞礼物，他非常开心。孩子顺利康复中，母亲希望这个感人的故事将会鼓励更多人考虑器官捐赠。1A.lungBheartCkidney Deye解析：根据下文细节three open

34、 heart surgeries and a heart transplant可知答案为B。答案：B2A.experienced BundergoneCresulted Dsuffered解析：根据该空后的from可知选D；如果空后没有from，则A、B项均正确。答案：D3A.took part in Bturned downClooked forward to Ddealt with解析：该空前的one thing是其宾语，在语境中考查定语从句谓语动词与先行词的动宾搭配，Truett盼望Zuri每周的到来。答案：C4A.different BpatientCgentle Dhelpful解析

35、：Zuri颇为与众不同，后文紧接着解释Truett为何独爱它。答案：A5A.dislikes BenjoysCdisapproves Dkeeps解析：根据前文“Truett has sensory issues”和后文“but with Zuri，he would just run his feet through her fur”可知，此处是“不喜欢”。答案：A6A.appear BexistCchange Dstop解析：根据语境，只要Truett与Zuri在一起，他眼中就没了世界上任何人或物的“存在”。答案：B7A.planning BarrangingCconsidering Dpe

36、rmitting解析：A、B项符合语境，但搭配不对，plan/arrange to do；C项consider doing考虑做某事；permit doing“允许，使有可能”，不符合上下文语意。答案：C8A.expensive BaffordableCeconomic Dmodest解析：根据下文“Financially，going through a transplant and hospital stay，it wasnt going to work out in our _9_”可知，这个品种的狗狗尤其“昂贵”，在经济方面行不通。答案：A9A.schedule BhospitalCba

37、ckground Dbudget解析：根据语境，因为前期手术和治疗，买狗在家庭“预算”中已是不可行的了。答案：D10A.reported BfocusedCposted Dfound解析：Danielle把孩子的经历和愿望“发送”到了Facebook，期待奇迹出现。答案：C11A.gift BsellCbuy Dmeet解析：gift sb.sth.白送；白给。答案：A12A.novel BfurryCold Dcertain解析：根据上文的one child with special needs可以推断，此处指送给特殊需要的孩子一个毛茸茸的好朋友作圣诞礼物。novel新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇

38、的。答案：B13A.took down Blooked forCcompared with Dcame across解析：当她在Facebook“偶然看到”Truett的故事时答案：D14A.shelter BguideCowner Demployee解析：她就知道Truett将会是这只小狗的新主人了。答案：C15A.along BthroughCaway Ddown解析：“他所经历的(痛苦)非我所能想象”get through度过，熬过(困难或不快的时期)；get along相处，进展；get away离开，脱身，逃脱，外出度假；get down下来，吞下，写下，使沮丧。答案：B16A.wo

39、rried BacceptedCthrilled Dcombined解析：过去分词作定语修饰effort，西雅图学生Gray和Palmer一家人“共同”努力，运送这条小狗穿越了洲际边界线，正好赶上了圣诞节的清晨到了Truett怀中。答案：D17A.on BbeneathCinto Dacross解析：transport sb./sth.across state lines运送穿越洲际边界线；beneath在的下方。答案：D18A.shock BdisgustCjoy Dsorrow解析：孩子收到这份特别的礼物时是非常“欣喜”的，故选C。disgust反感，厌恶。答案：C19A.told BcalledCexplained Dclaimed解析：call sb./sth.sth.(call宾语宾语补足语)“将小狗称为他的小宝贝”；claim声称，断言；需要；索取。答案：B20A.adjusting BdevotingCreferring Dusing解析：adjust to适应于；devote sth./oneself to.投身于，致力于；refer to.说起，谈及；参考，查阅；be used to.适应，习惯于。答案：A