陕西省蓝田县焦岱中学人教版高中英语选修八：UNIT 5 MEETING YOUR ANCESTORS 阅读理解猜词 .ppt

1、猜测词义Translate these sentences He is a good Christian.He is a good father.He is a good child.He is a good husband.She is a good wife.She is a good teacher.She is a good friend.他是一名虔诚的教徒。他是一名慈爱的父亲。他是一个听话的孩子。他是一个有责任心的丈夫。她是一个贤惠的妻子。她是一名敬业的老师。她是一个可靠的朋友。Heavy news Heavy food Heavy water Heavy appearance He

2、avy sleeper Heavy smoker晴天霹雳热量高的食物硬水粗陋的长相睡觉沉的人烟鬼 Inquiry-based Activities（I）探究活动（预习）（I）Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?-1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山 B.树枝 C.冰河 D.冰2.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind t

3、o do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever3.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用B.借出 C.购买D.参观CAB 4.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him

4、that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest5.The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的 C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困 D

5、.虚弱ABC 7.Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A.活泼的B.好动的 C.多嘴多舌的 D.可爱的 8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.countryside D.house 9.This boy is not stupid,on the contrary,no one could be

6、more intelligent.A.勤奋的B.愚蠢的 C.聪明的D.情报CCC10.Children are always boasting.They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.”The word“boasting”means _.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚B词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word“”refers to/probably means /c

7、ould best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.Lead-in(导入)1.Definition 定义法3.Similarity 相似法2.Contrast 对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法5.Example 例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识6.Word Formation 构词法猜测词义7.Context 上下文 It will b

8、e very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.1.Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.易碎的,脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.(n.牧羊人)2.Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented

9、.She is usually prompt for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A.on time B.late C.slowly D.quickly A(v.不同意)3.Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormoustask.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the

10、 rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)4.Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(adj.贫穷的,穷困的)(adj.大的)5.Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for

11、instance,for example,such as等。Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.(n.电器用具)6.Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容

12、易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)1)He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything.Even then all I could make out was that someone called Mil

13、ly had had a very bad accident.A.see clearly B.understand C.expectB7.Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。8.Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patien

14、t，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n.麻醉剂(药)Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动（课堂练习）(2)Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic

15、 ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas.Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks,born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word“obt

16、ain”probably mean?A.eat B.get C.sell D.buyBPassage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage

17、(宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame DPassage 3The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the rulershould leave the count

18、ry for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_.A.killed by stoning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whippingBPassage 4My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food

19、breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.What does the underlined word“tedious”probably mean?A.interesting B.tiresome C.relaxing D.cha

20、llengingBPassage 5Although he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stopBPassage 6After a four-

21、year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.

22、The underlined word“astounded”means _.A.very sad B.very sorry C.very pleased D.greatly surprised D同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。教师点评技巧归纳1:Use _利用_definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义mean,refer to,be called,be know

23、n as,can be defined as,in other words,that is,that is to say,namely，be called，be identified as，to put it differently 括号,引号,破折号，定语从句.etc.Skills for guessing unknown words:Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees.The word“pruning”means_A.Regul

24、ar cutting of the plantsB.Frequent wateringC.Regular use of chemicalsD.Growing the plants high in the mountain技巧归纳 2：Using_根据_common sense or experience普通常识和经验技巧归纳3:利用_from_2.The period of adolescence,the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.A 少儿期B 幼儿期C 青春期D 成人期同义/同位语similarit

25、y/appositive1.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today “ocelot”means _an endangered wild cat The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices,such as deluxe sedans,minivans,station wagons,coaches.Santana sedans are the big favor

26、ite of the tourists.The underlined words used in the text refer to _.A.cars in the making B.car rental firms C.cars for rent D.car makers 技巧归纳4:利用_举例 from examplesSignal words：for example，for instance，such as，like，as，etc.技巧归纳5：利用_From_1.The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like fe

27、athers.2.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.雪花，雪片爱交际的比较或对比comparison or contrastSignal words:as,like,the same as，unlike,but，however,on the contrary,while,insteadect.技巧归纳6:利用_ From_(1)Overwork may cause diseases.over（过分的、过量的）workov

28、erwork“工作过度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.dis“不”+satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied“不满意的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Word formation1.Is he intelligent or stupid?2.Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to mainta

29、ining their roles as housewives and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved.The underlined word“illiterate”in the passage means _.A.Repeated B.reiterated.C uneducated D.sickclever技巧归纳7:利用_ From_同义词或反义词的关系猜词。Synonym or Antonym.1.I

30、 feel that since you are my superior（上司）,it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”The word“presumptuous”is closest in meaning to“”.Afull of respect Brude and too confident Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quietB技巧归纳8：利用_ From _原因与结果关系猜词from Cause and ResultSignal words:because,so,so

31、 thathence,thereforeAs a result,assince,for,thus The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest技巧归纳9:Use_利用_worked as an engineer.context or related information上下文的语境1.Definition 定义法3.Similarity 相似法2.Contrast 对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法5.Example 例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识6.Word Formation 构词法猜测词义7.Context 上下文SummaryHomework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。