高中英语写作方法指导（88张PPT）.ppt

1、高考英语写作方法指导英语句子概论 基本成分 附属成分 独立成分 省略成分 连接成分 简单句 并列句 复合句 主语 不及物动词（S+Vi）主语 及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O)主语 系动词 表(S+LV+predicative)主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。nounadj./adv.in

2、finitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.主语 不及物动词She came/My head

3、aches.主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English.主语 系动词 主语补语She is happy主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There+beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外

4、的词的单词、短语或从句。定语Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.John often came to chat with meJohn likes ora

5、nges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news,he jumped with joy.As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状 语Examples:Oh！What is that！（惊叹词）He has，

6、alas，failed againCome here，John（呼语）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分（You）Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as,if (he does)not(run)faster,than you.(I)Hope you like it.John should clean the room today a

7、nd Peter(should clean it)tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：省略成分连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。连接成分简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。作一种陈述 提出一个问题 发出一种命

8、令或请求 表示一种感叹Examples:The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式 地点 时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi dri

9、ver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.The dog jumped through the window.He i

10、s saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles ofmilk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not

11、 onlybut also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris.His secretary is flying to Paris.The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome.His secretary is not flying to Rome.The boss but not his secretary is f

12、lying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin.His secretary may be flyingto Berlin.Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York.His secretary isnt flying to York.Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主语、谓语、宾语的合并两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。

13、I met Jane.I met her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold.It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane.I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband.I met neither Jane nor her husband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。We sang all night.We danced a

14、ll night.We sang and danced all night.主语、谓语、宾语的合并并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.并列句常用并列连词coordinating c

15、onjunctions 平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and thenbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,eitheror,neither nor并列句并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。主语谓语宾语连词主语 动词表语Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。主谓状（方式）连主谓表Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect

16、.主谓宾连主谓地点I ve got a cold,so I m going to bed.主谓宾宾补连主谓宾They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,so he went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.3.He made a promise.He didnt

17、keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连

18、词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.定语从句5.状语从句6.同位语从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句2.状语从句3.定语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much

19、he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay.when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句He is leaving

20、for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句the peoplesurprised That What he saidwhat he did主语That he didnt know the answerin the room

21、.定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Thatis the fact.表语what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语时间状语wh

22、ere his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever y

23、ou like.指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Practice用所给连词连接句子。He has found out.She was late.(why)He has found out why she was late.I still remember the day.I first went to York on that d

24、ay.(when)I still remember the day when I first went to York.将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。PracticeHe didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因)He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.Ill give the letter to him.I see him.（时间）It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.（结果）Well go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.

25、(条件)We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter t

26、o him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.书面表达的五个步骤1.仔细审题（4确定）（1）体裁格式_（2）题材内容_（3）中心人称_ 1.（4）主体时态_2.提炼要点，确定重点词汇 要点：Point 1:Point 2：Point 3:Point4 4个主要点 4个次要点 用英语列出动词，动词短语 句型等3.连词成句4.组句成篇（1）适当添加信息点，使文意通顺连贯（2）巧妙使用连接词，使文章结构紧凑（3）灵活运用好句式，使文章文采飞扬5.检查誊写仔细誊写，保证字迹工整，卷面整洁。原题内容：

27、大学生活即将开始，你将面对新的学习和生活环境，请根据提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈你打算如何安排你的大学生活。内容要点应包括：1.确定新的学习目标2.改进学习方法3.学会独立生活4.参加各种课外活动5.处理好与同学的关系注意：短言语的内容要连贯、完整；短文单词数：100左右（开头已给出的单词不计入单词总数）。I will go to college in the near future._当我们看到以上要点时，可以按以下五步进行“扩句”并连句成篇。步骤一：列要点1.set a new target for learning2.improve my study method3.learn how to

28、 live on my own4.take part in different kinds of after-class activities5.get on well with my classmates当对限定的内容表达“山穷水尽疑无路”时，可用“变通”的手法，比如：1.set a new target for learningfind a better way to study my lessons/try to reach a new goal/aim at a new goal2.studying methods learning skills/ways of learning3.l

29、ive on my own make myself independent/depend on myself4.after-class activitiesschool activities/activities in my spare time5.get on well with work well with/communicate successfully with步骤二：造简单句1.I would like to set a new target for my studies.2.I want to improve my learning skills.3.I am willing to

30、 learn how to live on my own.4.I plan to take part in different kinds of after-class activities.5.I hope that I can get on well with my classmates步骤三：扩展句子句子是文章的基本单位。英语中所有结构复杂的句子都是有基本句型扩展而生成的，因此，在基本句型的基础上添加各种修饰成分便可使句子得到扩展，正如树干长出了大枝、小枝、绿叶、花朵等，使句子的意思更具体形象。1.I would like to set a new target for my studi

31、es after I enter college.（添加状语从句）2.I want to improve my learning skills and work even harder at my lessons.（补充细节）3.I am willing to learn how to live on my own as life at college is quite different from that in middle school/such as doing some cleaning or washing by myself.(添加状语从句或通过举例来补充细节)4.I plan

32、to take part in different kinds of after-class activities in order to get some more experience and learn more about the world.（添加目的状语）5.I hope that I can get on well with my classmates by helping them and learning from each other.(添加分词作方式状语)步骤四：润色句子句要点2：I want to improve my learning skills and work

33、even harder（and more efficiently）at my lessons.要点4：I plan to take part in different kinds of after-class activities in order to get some more experience and learn more about the world.如将本句替换为“broaden my horizons”或“enlarge my knowledge”，要点3还可利用it 作形式主语：It is necessary for me to learn how to live on m

34、y own as life at college is quite different from that in middle school；要点4前还可以再添加“if possible”。要点5可以添加do 来加强语气。总之，我们可以灵活巧妙地运用“it”句型（如：强调句、形式主语或宾语）、倒装句、省略句等，使文章句式丰富多彩、行文自然流畅。步骤五：连句成篇I will go to college in the near future.（原题已给出）Therefore(连接词).I would like to set a new target for my studies after I e

35、nter college.（要点1）I want to improve my learning skills and work even harder at my lessons（要点2）.Whats more（连接词）,it is necessary for me to learn to live on my own as life at college is quite different from that in middle school（要点3）.If possible(连接词),I plan to take part in different kinds of after-clas

36、s activities in order to get some more experience and learn more about the world(或broaden my horizons)(要点4).Finally（连接词）I do hope that I can get on well with my classmates by helping them and learning from each other.（要点5）I believe I will have a wonderful life at college（结尾句）.亮点句型句式总结一.开头句型1.As far

37、as.is concerned 2.It goes without saying that.3.It can be said with certainty that.4.As the proverb says，5.It has to be noticed that.6.Its generally recognized that.7.Its likely that.8.Its hardly that.9.Its hardly too much to say that.10.What calls for special attention is that.需要特别注意的是11.Theres no

38、denying the fact that.毫无疑问，无可否认12.Nothing is more important than the fact that.13.whats far more important is that.二.衔接句型A case in point is.As is often the case.As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述But the problem is not so simple.Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以But its a pity that.For all that.In spite of

39、 the fact that.Further,we hold opinion that.However,the difficulty lies in.Similarly,we should pay attention to.not(that).but(that).不是，而是In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势 As has been mentioned above.In this respect,we may as well(say)从这个角度上我们可以说 However,we have to look at the other side of the c

40、oin,that is.然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即三.结尾句型I will conclude by saying.Therefore,we have the reason to believe that.All things considered,总而言之It may be safely said that.Therefore,in my opinion,its more advisable.From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw the conclusion that.The data/statistics/figu

41、res lead us to the conclusion that.It can be concluded from the discussion that.从中我们可以得出这样的结论 From my point of view,it would be better if.在我看来也许更好四.举例句型Lets take.to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明lets take the above chart as an example toillustrate this.Here is one more example.Take for example.The same is

42、true of.This offers a typical instance of.We may quote a common example of.Just think of.五 常用于引言段的句型1.Some people think that.To be frank,I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.2.For years,has been seen as,but things are quite different now.3.I believe the title statement is valid b

43、ecause.4.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that.I believe.5.My argument for this view goes as follows.6.Along with the development of,more and more.7.There is a long-running debate as to whether.8.It is commonly/generally/widely/believed/held/accepted/recognized that.9.As far as I am concerned,I

44、 completely agree with the former/the latter.10.Before giving my opinion,I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法1.A is completely/totally/entirely different from B.2.A and B are different in some/every way/respect/aspect.3.A and B differ in.4.A differs from B

45、 in.5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in.6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A,B.7.A,on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B.8.While it is generally believed that A,I believe B.9.Despite their similarities,A and B are also different.10.Both A and B.However,A;on the other h

46、and,B.11.The most striking difference is that A,while B.七 演绎法常用的句型1 There are several reasons for,but in general,they come down to three major ones.2 There are many factors that may account for,but the following are the most typical ones.3 Many ways can contribute to solving this problem,but the fol

47、lowing ones may be most effective.4 Generally,the advantages can be listed as follows.5 The reasons are as follows.八 因果推理法常用句型1.Because/Since we read the book,we have learned a lot.2.If we read the book,we would learn a lot.3.We read the book;as a result/therefore/thus/hence/consequently/for this re

48、ason/because of this,weve learned a lot.4.As a result of/Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book,weve learned a lot.5.The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight

49、.8.Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.英语写作中的句式选择,结合平时练习和所学短语及语法运用，总结如下,与大家共同探讨:一 改变时态例:The bell is ringing now.一般There goes the bell.特殊二 改变语态例:People suggest that the conference be put off.一般It is suggested that the conference be put off.特殊三 使用不定式例:He is so kind that he can help m

50、e.一般He is so kind as to help me.特殊四 使用过去分词例:1 She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.一般Followed by many students,she walked out of the lab特殊.2 Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.一般Once seen,it can never be forgotten.特殊五 使用 v-ing 1 When he arrives，please give me an e-mail一般 O

51、n arriving/his arrival,please give me an e-mail.特殊2 If the weather permits,I will come tomorrow.一般I will come tomorrow,weather permitting.特殊.六 使用名词性从句1 It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.一般The fact that he did n t turn up disappointed everybody.特殊2 I happened to have met him.一般It happen

52、ed that I had met him.特殊3To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.一般What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.特殊七 使用定语从句例;The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.一般The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.特殊八 使用状语从句1 I wo

53、nt believe what he says.一般No matter what he says,I wont believe.特殊2 If you come back before six oclock,you can go out.一般You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock.特殊3 If she doesnt agree,what shall we do?一般Supposing that she doesnt agree,what shell we do?特殊九 使用虚拟语气例:The ship di

54、dnt sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.一般But for the efforts of the captain,the ship would have sunk with all on board.特殊十 使用倒装句型例：Though Im weak Ill make the effort.一般Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.特殊影响给分的因素漂亮的书写是写作得分的亮点影响给分的因素之一：作文的卷面影响给分的因素之二：文中所采用的语言材料人靠衣装，文靠词

55、装A.词汇的选择灵活新颖，出奇制胜；B.句型结构运用灵活多变;PracticeFind some similar words or phrases of the followings1.good2.think3.clever perfectexcellent outstanding pleasant wonderful favorable magnificentin ones opinion/viewhold the view that it is widely shared that wise bright smart intelligent cute改变句子结构,与众不同1.唐山曾在二十世

56、纪八十年代发生过一次大地震。A strong/big earthquake happened in Tangshan in the 1980s.There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tang Shan in the 1980s.2.你八月十五的来信我今天早晨收到了.I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.Your letter of August 15th re

57、ached/got to me this morning.改变句子语序，实现句子形式多样化1.He got excited when he heard the news._ the news,he got excited.2.The girl went home,because she was hungry and thirsty._,the girl went home.3.I studied Chinese,English and Physics at school._include Chinese,English and Physics.4.It was early in the mor

58、ning.Mr.Smith was in his garden.He was watering flowers._,Mr.Smith was watering _.HearingHungry and thirstyThe main subjects I studied at schoolEarly in the morningin the garden使用强势句式，增强语句表现力1.We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well._we were to see crops and vegetables growing well!2.R

59、adio broadcasts didnt begin until 1920.It was_.3.He never speaks about his own family.Never_.4.A notice is saying”Please Save Water”on the wall.On the wall_.5.Though he is a child,he knows a lot._.How gladnot until 1920 that radio broadcasts begandoes he speak about his own familyis a notice saying”

60、Please Save Water”Child though/as he is,he knows a lot影响给分的因素之三：行文的流畅上下贯通、一气呵成正确而巧妙地使用好连接词and,then,also,besides,morever,whats more furthermore,in addition,more than that.1.表递进.表转折.表因果.表目的.表归纳but,however,although,though,in spite of,despite after all,on the contrary,on the other hand.because,since,the

61、refore,so,hence,thus,consequently as a result/consequence,on account of.in order that,so that,for the purpose of.in general,in brief,in short,in conclusion,in a word,on the whole.如何将这几个讲述汶川地震的句子更好地连接起来，显得更有文采，得到高分呢？Many houses and schools were destroyed.More than five million people are living a har

62、d life now.The students there need help and schools should be built.Students can return to classes soon.William Shakespeare (2008高考湖南卷书面表达)Do you know Hamlet?Have you read The Merchant of Venice?These two great works are both written by William Shakespeare,my favorite English writer and the man of a

63、ll ages!Shakespeare,a son from a poor family,a man of little education,wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world,I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world;I love him because his poems let me enjoy the beauty of the English language;I admire him becaus

64、e his keen sights set me thinking and teach me how to lead a meaningful life!Since“Life is a stage”,we are actually all actors and actresses.On this stage,everyone had his own role to play.and I will try my best to play my role well._影响给分的因素之四：文章的思想小结：1.作文的卷面；-整洁的卷面2.文章的语言；-丰富的词汇3.行文的流畅；-流畅的结构4.文章的思

65、想；-独到的见解1、由于基础的原因，有的学生的书面表达题“白板”一张，放空不写,或胡乱抄写考卷上的一段英文来充数，这两种情况都只能得零分。每年高考大约有百分之十的学生得零分。2、表达有困难,或在考试中留给书面表达题的时间太少，导致不完篇，字数不够，内容不够充实,得低分也是在所难免。十二种常见的书面表达题错误 3、句式单调，前后雷同，用词简单，犹如出自于初中生之手，这样的文章未免显得比较低级、幼稚，也是难于得高分的。4、审题不清偏题离题，或体裁格式错误，或时态人称错误，或要点不全，或有的要点过分发挥而显得罗嗦。5、词汇方面的错误，这有三个方面：1)、单词拼写错误或混淆单词拼写错误或混淆主要是由于

66、部分学生的词汇量局限，记忆上失误，导致拼写错误及词的混淆，如foreign，opinion的拼写错误；prevent 与protect，express 与 impress等混淆。当然有时是笔误引起的，如mg dog.(我的狗)。2）、词性、词义的误解误用如：He swam happily and lazy in the river.(把lazy 改为lazily)When I get home,my dog will come and taste me.(原文要表达“它会来舔我”)3）、习惯用法、固定搭配的错误 Suddenly I caught a sight of my English t

67、eacher in the crowd.(catch sight of为固定短语,故应去掉a)My teacher advised me to keep my diary.（“记日记：keep a diary”为固定搭配，故my改为a）6、语法错误：1)、举不胜举的词法句法错误，显得“无法无天”，如：She studys doesnt very hard.There have some students think its wrong.2)、简单句的句子不完整，或并列句、主从复合句的句子之间缺少必要的连词，犹如汉语的“枯藤老树昏鸦”，在英语中这样的的句子不完整的。如：I very angry.

68、Work hard，you will make progress.7、语义重叠的错误如：renew、return 后面加上back，advance 后面加上 forward，walk 后面加上on foot，enter与into，raise、rise表示“升起”时后面加上up，sink后面加上down，be about to后面加上at once或immediately就属于语义重叠。又如：Every one year they plant trees.(one为多余)Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit t.(time为多余)。8、语篇

69、语境的逻辑关系错误如:She was smiling but nodding at me.(把but 改为and)Im glad to learn that you are going to China and will stay at my home.(把going 改为coming)1）名词的单复数一致，如：She said she and my schoolmate all wished me success (应把 schoolmate改为schoolmates)2）代词的性、数一致，如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel well.(把hi

70、s 改为their)9、一致性原则方面的错误3）主谓一致，如：What are your favorite sport？（应把 are 改为is）4）时态一致，如：My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our school football team.（把was 改为am）They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a good time talking and laughing.（把have改为had）10、汉式英语，生硬直译，这类错误大多由于受汉语表达习惯的影响造成的，如：beca

71、use之后不可再加so；although、though之后不可再加but；又如：serve for somebody 应去掉for，marry with somebody应去掉with；还有：1）I realized I had forgotten my key in the office.(本题应把forgotten改为left)2）Its the best film Ive never seen.（此处的never应改为ever）3）The reason why he came late was because he was caught in heavy traffic.（此处becau

72、se应改为that）4）Mr Green gave the books to others except those who had taken them.（此处的others应改为everyone）5）She very likes dancing.（此处的very应改为very much并调到句末）6）I love my eyes,it follows me 17 years.（纯属汉式翻译）7）I bought the car at a cheap price,only 2000 dollars.(英语中问价格时可用how much或 what,说价格高低时可说 high price或 l

73、ow price,此处的cheap改为low)8）Night began to fall down.9）Evening came down (都去down)10）Books may be borrowed for two weeks here.(此处的borrowed应改为kept)11、大小写、标点符号方面的错误。比如，一个句子的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写，还有像China之类的专有名词的第一个字母也要大写,等等。英语中的句号是实心点，别混写为空心圈；逗号不能并列两个句子；省略号是三点，但在句末写了四点（另一点是句号）；英语中没有书名号和顿号，书名号用斜体字或大写形式表示，而顿号用逗号代替。12、书写不够规范,卷面不够整洁,甚至随意涂鸦。这样就破坏了卷面，影响评卷老师的阅卷，学生既使有再好的英语功底,也会被“埋没”的。