2021年高考英语二轮复习 介词和代词考点讲解（含解析）.docx

1、介词和代词知识点一、表示时间的介词1in，on，at，over(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如：in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in ones thirties，in the morning等。(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如：on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January, on a fine morning等。(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如：at 3：

2、20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。(4)over后面接一段时间，表示“超过”或“在期间”。如：David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前一律不用介词。如：He went to Japan last y

3、ear.We meet every day.2in，after(1)“in一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如：My mother will come back in three or four days.(2)“after一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如：He arrived after five months.(3)“after具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如：She will appear after five oclock this afternoon.The rain began to fall after seven.3from，since，for(1)from后接具

4、体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today.(2)since后接具体过去时间，表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。如：We have not seen each other since 2010.(3)for后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用。如：I have been in the army for 5 years.知识点二、表示地点方位的介词1at，in，on，to(1)at表示在小地方或“在附近；在旁边”。如：He arrived at the station at ten.He

5、 is sitting at the desk.(2)in表示在大地方或“在范围之内”。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Shandong lies in the east of China.(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如：Russia lies on the north of China.(4)to表示“在范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如：Japan is to the east of China.2above，over，on(1)above意为“在上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：The bird is flying above

6、 my head.(2)over意为“在之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：There is a bridge over the river.(3)on意为“在之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：He put his watch on the desk.2above，over，on(1)above意为“在上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：The bird is flying above my head.(2)over意为“在之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。

7、如：There is a bridge over the river.(3)on意为“在之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：He put his watch on the desk.知识点三、表示运动方向的介词1across，over，through(1)across表示从物体表面穿过，与on有关。如：across the playground/square/desert/river(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如：He jumped over the wall.(3)through表示从物体里面穿过，与in有关。也可表示时间，指“(从开始到结束)经历了”。如：through th

8、e pipe/forest/doorWe work hard all through the year.2in，into(1)in通常表示静态，意为“在里面”。如：We walked in the park.我们在公园里走着。(2)into通常表示动态，意为“进入到里面”。如：We walked into the park.我们走进了公园。知识点四、表示原因的介词1for表示原因时，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：I am sorry for what I said to you.2at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜

9、、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到而”。如：He was surprised at the news.3from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：He died from the wound.4of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：The old man died of hunger.5with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.He was shaking with anger.6by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：She took your umbr

10、ella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。7over一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：She wept over the death of her daughter.We laughed over the victory.8because of表示引起结果的直接原因。如：He retired last month because of his illness.9thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏”。如：Thanks to John, we won the game.知识点五、表示计量的介词1at表示“以

11、速度；以价格”。如：It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.I sold my car at a high price.2for表示“用交换；以为代价”。如：He sold his car for 500 dollars.注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。3by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。如：They paid him by the month.注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。知识点六、表示工具或手段的介词1by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词。如：I went there by bus.2with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词

12、。如：He broke the window with a stone.3in表示“用”时，后面的宾语不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：I hate letters written in pencil.We will never forget this historical lesson written in blood.4on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。如：They talked on the telephone.She learns English on the radio/on TV.知识点七、表示“在之间”的介词1between表示在两者之间。如：You are to

13、sit between your father and me.2among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：He is always happy among his classmates.3有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如：Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition.知识点八、表示“除了”的介词1besides表示“除之外，还有

14、”。如：We all went to see the film besides you.除你之外我们也都去看电影了。2except表示“除外，把除去”。如：We all went to see the film except you.除你之外我们都去看电影了。3but与except同义，但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.4except for表示“如无就，只是”，多表明理由细

15、节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.5except that表示“除外，把除去”，后面接句子。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing.6apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：Apart from/Besides English，he has a good command of Russian and French.He has no interes

16、ts，apart from/except his work.Its a good paper，apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.知识点九、介词与某些词类的习惯搭配高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：如on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的；result from

17、由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：如be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：如apart from除之外；in addition to除之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备，万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在中间according to根据；in front of在前面；in return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a resu

18、lt of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等。知识点十：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法1both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2all，none，each，every用

19、于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。All of the students are there.All (of) the milk is there.Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students

20、has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。知识点十一：some和any的用法1表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如：If you have any questions, please ask me.2在疑问句中可用some，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如：Would you like some coffee?3some可接单数名词表示“某一个”；any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如：I remember having read this article

21、in some magazine.Here are three novels.You may read any.知识点十二：复合不定代词的用法由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。1some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：Somebody is waiting outside.I have something for you.She thinks shes something since she won the prize.获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。2any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句

22、或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：Does anybody else want to go?There isnt anything in the box.If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.You can take anything you like.3no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：I know nothing about i

23、t.There is nobody here.4every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.She does everything to help her mother.Her son is everything to her.对她来说儿子就是一切。知识点十三：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别the other/otherthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表

24、示“另外的”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others/the othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the othersHe is willing to help others/other people.Twenty of the students in our class have been to

25、Beijing. The other students/The others have not.Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.We need another five chairs/five more chairs.知识点十四：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别none既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句How much money do you have

26、?None.no one/nobody只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数Who is in the room?Nobody./No one.nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句What are you doing now?Nothing.知识点十五：替代词的用法和区别it替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物Have you found your pen?No, I havent found it.one/onesone用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词。其复数形式为onesI

27、think this book is better than the one I read last time.These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.that/thosethat用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesThe weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.知识点十六：it的用法1it可

28、用于无人称句，表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如：It is getting warmer and warmer.It was already ten oclock when he arrived home.Its ten minutes walk from here to our school.Its very quiet at the moment.2it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如：Its important for us to learn a second language.We must make it clear that anyone who bre

29、aks the law will be punished.3熟记下列有关it的固定句型make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that；put it高频考点一、考查介词辨析例1【2018北京】Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make a

30、n appointment for意为“为预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。【变式探究】（2017北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.A. at B. in C. on D. by【答案】B【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。 【变式探究】I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to ca

31、rry _ a conversation with her.【答案】on【解析】句意：我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行，从事”，符合句意。【变式探究】Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.A. below B. on C. at D. above【答案】D 【解析】句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。With 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the a

32、verage。 高频考点二、考查介词短语辨析例2. (2019江苏卷)Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.Ain effect Bin commandCin turn Din shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：有利的政策正在有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。in effect“有效”。【举一反三】【2018江苏】 Chinas softpowergrows_ theincreasingappreciationandunderstanding of China globally

33、.A. in line with B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与.一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 . 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。【变式探究】These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.A. in memory of B. in response to C.

34、 in touch with D. in possession of【答案】B【解析】句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 意为纪念， B. in response to意为回应，C. in touch with意为联系，D. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。高频考点三、考查介词或介词短语的用法例3、(2019天津卷)_ all the problems, several of the play

35、ers produced excellent performances.AAccording to BInstead ofCIn addition to DIn spite of【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管存在各种问题，但是其中的一些选手还是表现出色。A项意为“根据”；B项意为“代替”；C项意为“除以外”；D项意为“尽管”。结合句意可知，应选D。【举一反三】【2018天津】Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at first B. a

36、fter allC. above all D. at random【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A. at first起初；B. after all毕竟，终究。C. above all首先；D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。【变式探究】（2017江苏）Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A. in contrast to B.

37、 in defense ofC. in face of D. in relation to【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与有关。故选D。【变式探究】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help ._, hes reliable.A. Or else B. In sho

38、rt C. By the way D. For one thing【答案】B【解析】句意：这个年轻人是诚实的，有合作精神的，当你需要他的帮助的时候，总是在那里。简言之，他是可靠的。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。故选B。高频考点四 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析例4Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.AothersBeitherCanother Dboth【答案】D【解析

39、】句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用not . both，故选D。【变式探究】Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much.Aeither BanyCeach Danother【答案】A【解析】句意：我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市，根据转折词but可知，后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”，所以选A。【变式探究】Although Rosemary had suffered from

40、 a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.Asome BneitherCnone Dall【答案】C【解析】句意：虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病，但是她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知，此处表示“一点儿也不，一点儿也没有”，所以应用none。高频考点五 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析例5Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.Aanother Bthe ot

41、herCone another Done【答案】A【解析】句意：回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。【变式探究】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.Athat BoneCones Dthose【答案】A【解析】句意：使黛拉高兴的是，她首先赢得了她的学生的信任，然后又获得了同事的信任。空后面的of her col

42、leagues与前面的of her students是同样的结构，因此此空应该选择that来替代the trust，以避免重复。高频考点六 it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析例6 (2019天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than _ who are not.Aones BthoseCthese Dthem【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐。本句中为了避

43、免重复，需用those代替the students。故选B。【举一反三】The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.Aone BthisCthat Dit【答案】C【解析】句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出现的同一事物。【变式探究】At our factory there are a few machines similar to _

44、described in this magazine.Athem BtheseCthose Dones【答案】C【解析】句意：我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指，替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines后有限制语described in this magazine，故不能用表泛指的ones，若选ones，则应在其前加上the。【变式探究】Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their

45、deepest wishes and darkest fears.Athese BsomeCones Dthose【答案】D【解析】句意：来自16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说，在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候，他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。高频考点七 复合不定代词的辨析例7 _ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.AAnybodyBEverybodyCNobody DSomebody【答案】C【解析】句意：没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。根据

46、句意可知，空处应用Nobody。【变式探究】 This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together.ANothing BAnythingCSomething DEverything【答案】A【解析】句意：这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语，故选A。一、介词1.【2019江苏卷】27.Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional developm

47、ent.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。2.【2019新课标I卷】Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to p

48、erform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。3.【2019新课标III卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考

49、查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。4.【2019浙江卷】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。1.【2018北京】Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday af

50、ternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。2.【2018江苏】Chinas softpowergrows_ theincreasingappreciationandunderstanding of China globally.A. in line with B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介词

51、短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与.一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 . 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。3.【2018天津】Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句

52、意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A. at first起初；B. after all毕竟，终究。C. above all首先；D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。1（2017江苏）Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A. in contrast to B. in defense ofC. in face of D. in relation to【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。

53、句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与有关。故选D。2（2017北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.A. at B. in C. on D. by【答案】B【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生

54、，用in，故选B。3（2017天津）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.A. among B. against C. behind D. below【答案】A【解析】 句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间； be against 反对； be behind 在后面； be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。1(2016新课标，64)But my conn

55、ection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first.【答案】to【解析】句意：但是我与熊猫之间的联系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的时候，那是我第一次。go back to“追溯到”，是固定短语。2(2016新课标，44)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【答案】on【解析】句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时

56、候的注意力更集中。be focused on意为“集中于”。3(2016新课标，70)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _ their hands.【答案】with【解析】句意：筷子并非被亚洲的所有国家(的人民)使用。例如在印度，大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用”，符合句意。4(2016四川，67)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.

57、【答案】for【解析】句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for一段时间”作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间”。5(2016浙江，16)In this article，you need to back up general statements _ specific examples.【答案】with【解析】句意：在这篇文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。根据句意及结构可知，这里用介词with表示“用”。6(2016天津，8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voic

58、e _ her opinion on the subject.【答案】to【解析】句意：在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give voice to“表达，吐露，发泄”，符合句意。二、代词1.【2019天津卷】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心

59、。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。1.（2017江苏）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.which B.its C.whose D.whom 【答案】C【解析】关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作purpose的定语。which,wh

60、om在定语从句中不能作定语，its不能引导定语从句，故选C。 2(2017江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】分析句子结构可知，one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是定语从句，先行词是the World Food Programme，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词p

61、urposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。3 (2017江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，

62、故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。4（2017江苏） In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.which B.its C.whose D.whom 【答案】C【解析】关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作purpose的定语。which, whom在定语从句中不能作定语，its不能引导定语从句，故选C。1(2016新课标，68)On my recent visit，I

63、 held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _(it)mother.答案its解析 句意：在我最近的一次参观中，可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一只被它的妈妈遗弃了。由后面的mother可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。2(2016四川，68)By that time，the panda no longer needed _(it)mother for food.答案 its解析 句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。3(2016浙江，3)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.答案that解析 句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education system，所以用that。