[25459242]高考英语阅读理解之篇章分析法.doc

1、高考英语阅读理解之篇章分析法篇章分析法把握结构，准确洞悉文章核心内容总分或分总法是说明文和议论文在文章结构模式的共性，最近几年高考题的说明文和议论文基本都是“总分(总)”或“分总”结构。 1.现象解释型在现象解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，然后对现象进行解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因。2.问题解决型在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。3.论点论证型在这类文章中，作者首先提出论点(常以事例引出)，然后提出论据并论证论点，最后得出结论。示例以“问题解决型”为例(2019全国卷阅读C)As data and ident

2、ity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces.At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.（第一段：提出问题：个人网上信息保密的需求越来远大）Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with

3、 a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and

4、the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of t

5、echnology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize dif

6、ferent participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. （第二到四段：解决问题：科研人员想出了用智能键盘的方法）课后练

7、习（一）Googles new artificial intelligence can defeat both humans and other AIs.Fortunately,the only war zone where it fights and wins is the ancient board game Go(围棋).AlphaGo Zero,developed by Google-owned DeepMind,is the latest AI program.The original AlphaGo defeated Go master Lee Sedol last year,an

8、d AlphaGo Master,an updated version,went on to win 60 games against top human players.Whats different about AlphaGo Zero is that it became potentially the worlds best Go player without any help from humans.The program AlphaGo Zero started off knowing only the basic rules and then played millions of

9、games against itself in just a few days.After almost five million games played against itself,AlphaGo Zero could outplay humans and the original AlphaGo.After 40 days,it was capable of beating AlphaGo Master.The program learned the strategies humans accumulated over thousands of years in a matter of

10、 weeks and also developed nontraditional strategies and moves that beat the techniques of the human masters,leaving them astonished.“At each stage of the game,it seems to gain a bit here and lose a bit there,but somehow it ends up slightly ahead,as if by magic,” said Andrew Jackson of the American G

11、o Association.DeepMind says it has plans for the technology behind AlphaGo Zero beyond just defeating all on an ancient game board.“In the end,we want to apply these breakthroughs to helping solve all sorts of real world problems like designing new materials,” said Demis Hassabis,co-founder and CEO

12、of DeepMind,in a statement.That sounds great,but just as a precaution,lets take the advice of Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking and keep any super-fast learning AI away from the nuclear launch codes.1.Which was probably the earliest AI program to play Go according to the text?A.DeepMind. B.AlphaGo. C.Al

13、phaGo Master. D.AlphaGo Zero.2.What makes AlphaGo Zero different from its other versions?A.It teaches itself.B.It beats AlphaGo Master.C.It knows the basic rules of Go.D.It plays against itself for a long time.3.Whats DeepMinds plan for the AI technology?A.To design a new version.B.To win all the an

14、cient board games.C.To beat human beings all over the world.D.To inspire the world with solutions to global issues.4.How does the author feel about AI?A.Negative.B.Supportive. C.Cautious.D.Encouraging.参考答案：BADC（二）Coke was introduced by the Coca Cola company in 1886,making it a favorite of generation

15、s of people in over 200 countries.This list should give you some ideas on how to get more from your coke than usual.Coca Cola is an excellent rust buster (除锈剂).If you have a bunch of small rusty objects,put them in coke overnight and give them a good scrub in the morning.Coke helps to break down the

16、 rust,making cleaning much easier.Be sure to throw out the used coke when you are done with it or you might be taking a trip to the doctor.Like the previous item,the citric acid (柠檬酸) in coke can be an excellent window cleaner.This is especially useful for car windows.Pour a can of coke over the win

17、dow and rub the window,and then wipe it off with a wet cloth to remove any sugary matter in the drink.As coke is full of sugar,you should clean the sticky matter off the window,or it will be not a cleaner but a dirt.For those of you who live in areas where skunk (臭鼬) smells can be an issue from time

18、 to time,one can of coke added to water with detergent (清洁剂) really helps to break the smell down.If you have been sprayed,stand in the shower and cover yourself from head to toe with cokewait for a few minutes,and then wash yourself with a shower.Coke is an excellent hair treatment so you get two t

19、ips for the price of one with this item!Pots can sometimes get black on the bottom.The black is almost impossible to remove;this is caused by over-cooking.To remove the black and renew your pot,pour in a can of coke (or as much as you need to cover the blackened area by an inch) and put it on the st

20、ove on a low heat.After an hour or so,wash the pot as normal.1.What does the underlined word “scrub” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Start.B.Clean. C.Shake. D.Move.2.What is important while using coke to clean car windows?A.Use a dry cloth.B.Rub the window lightly.C.Dont pour too much coke.D.Clean th

21、e sugary matter thoroughly.3.For which purpose does coke have to be mixed with other material?A.To get rid of the black on the pot.B.To break down the rust.C.To remove smells.D.To clean windows.4.What type of writing is this text?A.An advertisement.B.A review.C.A news report.D.A practical guide.参考答案

22、：BDCD（三）Smartphones have been blamed for everything from taking drivers attention from driving to keeping people on the sofa scrolling (滚屏) videos.But the smartphone that seems to be everywhere could just easily increase physical activities if it pushes its owners buttons in the right way.New resear

23、ch shows that making social connections through activity-tracking apps gets people to move more.And a separate study on this summers “Pokemon Go” phenomenon shows that the smartphone game got players to take more steps than usual.Together,the studies show the potential for smartphones to push a rang

24、e of people to be more active.People who linked with friends on the activity-tracking app increased their steps by 400 a day on average,compared with people who made no social connections,according to Tim Althoff and two other computer scientists at Stanford University.The effect of social connectio

25、ns declined,but remained significant for five months before the numbers fell back even with users who made no connections.Such insights show the promise of smartphones and games to help with one of the most stubborn public health problemsthat even people who want to be active have trouble staying ac

26、tive.An NBA videogame,for example,gives players extra power in the game if they reach a step goal in real life.The app “Zombies,Run!” uses audio stories to push people to run more or run faster.Still,there is room for growth.Only about 4% of all health apps use “gamification”,according to a study pu

27、blished in October in BMJ Open.“Gamification is actually quite closely linked with behavior change techniques,” says Dr.Elizabeth Ann Edwards,the studys lead author and a doctor and researcher at Queen Mary University of London.1.What does the author think of smartphones?A.They lead to peoples lack

28、of physical activity.B.They will make people have more connections.C.They can have video games more interesting.D.They can involve their users in more exercise.2.According to “Pokemon Go” phenomenon,smartphone users become more active because .A.they have more social connectionsB.they get extra powe

29、rs in lifeC.the games increase physical activitiesD.a life goal has been set step by step3.Who are most likely to exercise more?A.Video watchers on the sofa.B.Smartphone game lovers.C.People with no social connections.D.People with trouble staying active.4.How does the author try to prove the ease of smartphones?A.By showing the results of some researches.B.By explaining the functions of smartphones.C.By giving vivid description of some games.D.By analyzing the causes of public health problems.参考答案：DCBA