2020-2021学年英语新教材外研版选择性必修第一册课时作业（十五） WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时作业(十五)Unit 5Section Using language & Developing ideas阅读理解AAnimals can move from place to place, but plants cannot, When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back, Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical

2、 and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grasseating animals. Holly on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most

3、 animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grass may contain a sandy material; eating such grass wears down the animals teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or c

4、ause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of ni

5、cotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the

6、future.1The leaves of the holly plant have more spines on the lower branches because most animals _.Aare not tall enoughBlike the lower leaves onlyCare not clever enoughDcan get the lower leaves easily2To defend themselves, oak trees use _.Achemical means Bphysical meansCbitter chemicals Dsandy mate

7、rials3How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?AIts leaves fight against the attack by physical means.BIts roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.CIts roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.DIts leaves produce poisonous sand to drive t

8、he caterpillar away.4What would be the best title for this passage?APlants and AnimalsBHow Plants Defend ThemselvesCAttacks and DefensesDHow Animals Eat Plants LeavesBSurviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from

9、the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family esca

10、ped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies school was so d

11、amaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of

12、 flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me，” Natalie says，“but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survivors in nee

13、d with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketba

14、ll; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring muchneeded supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction ar

15、e still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”5When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found _.As

16、ome friends had lost their livesBher neighborhood was destroyedCher school had moved to BrooklynDthe elderly were free from suffering6According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?AThe people helping Rockaway rebuild.BThe people trapped in highrise buildings.CThe volunteers donating money to s

17、urvivors.DLocal teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.7How did Natalie help the survivors?AShe gave her toys to other kids.BShe took care of younger children.CShe called on the White House to help.DShe built an information sharing platform.8What does the story intend to tell us?ALittle peopl

18、e can make a big differenceBA friend in need is a friend indeedCEast or west, home is bestDTechnology is powerCOn World Mental Health Day (10 October), employees at our Melbourne office in Australia, held a morning tea event to raise funds for ReachOut Australiaan online mental health organization f

19、or young people and their parents.The event included a raffle (抽奖) with the winner receiving a free “mental health day” and the runner up receiving a halfday. Mental health days are personal days taken off of work that are not deducted (扣除) from annual leave balances. They are designed to enable emp

20、loyees to practice selfcare and spend time doing more of what makes them feel happy and refreshed.As well as the morning tea, the Melbourne office held a “Stress Down Day” where employees wore casual, comfortable clothes (such as tracksuits and slippers) to work by donation. The proceeds from this w

21、ere also donated to ReachOut Australia, along with money raised at the morning tea.OUP HR (牛津大学出版社人力资源) Administrator Abigail Jenkins, explains，“Being able to raise money for ReachOut Australia is so meaningful as many young people in Australia experience clinically significant mental health issues

22、but are not receiving support. Its my belief that nobody should be suffering like that, let alone our young people. Supporting an organization that aims to provide free, accessible, and immediate help is really meaningful to everyone here.”In order to promote mental health awareness within the team,

23、 the various fundraising activities were supported by a presentation from the Black Dog Institute, covering mental health in the workplace, how to recognize early warning signs, and how to care for ourselves and others.9Why did the staff members of Melbourne office hold the morning tea event?ATo cel

24、ebrate World Mental Day.BTo help treat those with disabilities.CTo collect money for young people and their parents.DTo collect money for an online mental health organization.10What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ABalances. BEvents.COrganizations. DMental health days.11What

25、can be inferred from Abigail Jenkins words?AMany young people offer to help.BMany young people suffer mental problems in Australia.CWe should support an organization to help those with mental health problems.DMany people with mental health problems dont get help from the government.12What is the mai

26、n idea of the text?AHow is World Mental Health Day formed.BReachOut Australia carried out a presentation for those with mental problems.CFundraising activities are held to support those with mental health problems in Australia.DThe Black Dog Institute performed activities to support those with menta

27、l health problems.课时作业(十五)阅读理解A【语篇解读】文章属于说明文。介绍不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的，有些植物采取了物理学上的方法，有些采取了化学上的方法，使自己免受动物的伤害，保护自己。1答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.可知选D项。2答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段中的Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are dif

28、ficult for animals to eat.可知橡树有厚的、坚硬的叶子，使用的是物理学上的方法来保护自己。故B项正确。3答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第四段中的When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends the roots the information to produce more nicotine.可知树根引起分泌出更多的尼古丁，故C项正确。4答案与解析：B主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是不能移动的植物是如何保护自己

29、的，有些植物采取了物理学上的方法，有些采取了化学上的方法，使自己免受动物的伤害，保护自己。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了一个女孩在家乡小镇遭遇飓风后，尽自己的力量创建了一个信息分享网站来帮助人们重建家园。文章告诉我们：只要尽力，小人物也会有大贡献。5答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.可知Natalie回到Rockaway时，发现社区的房子都被毁了。故选B。6答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句In

30、 the following few day, the men. inspired Natalie.可知，是那些帮助重建Rockaway的人们鼓舞了Natalie。故选A。7答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据文章第七段第一句She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.可知，Natalie创建了一个信息共享平台来帮助幸存者。故选D。8答案与解析：A写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个小女孩在家乡遭遇飓风后，尽自己的力量帮助幸存者的故事。文章旨在告诉我们：在危机来临时

31、，每个人都可以贡献出自己的一份力量。A项“小人物也会有大贡献”符合文章主旨。故选A。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在世界心理健康日这天，墨尔本办公室的工作人员为提高人们的心理健康意识，举行了各种形式的募捐活动。9答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to raise funds for ReachOut Australiaan online mental health organization for young people and their parents”可知，墨尔本办公室的工作人员之所以组织早茶活动是为了帮助一个在线心理健康组织筹款。故选D。10答案与解析：D指代判断

32、题。根据画线词前一句“Mental health days are personal days taken off of work that are not deducted (扣除) from annual leave balances.”以及画线词所在句中的“to enable employees to practice selfcare and spend time doing more of what makes them feel happy and refreshed”可知，心理健康日不会扣除年假，属于自己的私人时间，这个节日的设立能够鼓励员工自我关心并花时间做更多让自己开心和放松

33、的事。由此可推知，They指代的是“mental health days”。故选D。11答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“Being able to raise money for ReachOut Australia is so meaningful”以及最后一句“Supporting an organization that aims to provide free, accessible, and immediate help is really meaningful to everyone here.”可知，对于大家来说，帮助ReachOut Australia组织筹款是很有意义的，因为这个组织可以为有需要的人提供帮助。由此可推知，我们应该支持这个组织来帮助那些有心理健康问题的人。故选C。12答案与解析：C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在世界心理健康日这天，墨尔本办公室的工作人员为提高人们的心理健康意识，举行了各种形式的募捐活动。C项很好地概括了文章主旨。故选C。