广东省化州市实验中学高中英语选修8复习定从非谓名词性从句.doc

1、定语从句是每年必考的题目，其中考得比较多的是引导定语从句的关系副词(where)和关系代词(who/which). 区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句知识总结与归纳一定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导关系代词和关系副词的用法：1关系代词：who 先行词为人时用，作主语，宾语，whom作宾语；当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语，表语（不用于非限和介词后）； whose用作定语，可指人或物；关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状

2、语，只用于限制性定语从句）。The doctor_ you are looking for is in the room. Do you know the man _ name is Wang Yu?The building _stands near the river is our school二、关系词的选用1只能用that做关系代词的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词或先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时；关系代词在定语从句中作表语时；There is nothing_ can preven

3、t him from doing it. The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 2指物只能用which 不用that的情况:用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。 He had failed in the maths exam, _ made his father very angry.3指人时只能用who不用 that的情况: 先行词为one, ones，those，anyone，he时Those _ break the law must

4、be punished4 as与whichas与which均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况用as: 与such或the same连用时，一般用as We have repaired the machine (in) the same way_they (have). as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 表“正如.正象”之意_ we all know, the earth is round.三.关系副词相关考点：1.当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition等表示情况、方面的模糊化、抽象化的地方并且从句中缺少状语时，常用where引

5、导定从。Eg:Can you think of a situation _ we can use this word correctly?2.the way 做定语从句的先行词时，如果定从中少状语，用that、in which或/来引导定语从句。如果少宾语用that 、which 或/。如少主语用that 、which。 Eg: I do not like the way _ he spoke to me. The way _he told us is useful.六.“介词+关系代词 解题技巧：还原法（定语从句都可以还原为一个陈述句） Thats the reason _ he didnt

6、 go to school this morning.（for. reason系固定搭配） （定语从句=he didnt go to school for the reason this morning.）介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。1. 考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯(1) 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配The documents_ which they were searching have been recovered. 注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位

7、置应注意。如：The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.(2) 看定语从句中形容词或分词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books_which I am not very familiar. 2. 考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：This is our classroom, in the front of w

8、hich there is a teachers desk. 3，考查根据句意确定介词I am looking for my glasses, _ which I cant watch TV clearly.4. 考查表示所属关系的of which On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I dont understand. 5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university studen

9、ts. 6. 考查表示同位关系的of which Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning.七 .解题基本步骤：1.判断是否为定语从句；2.找出从句中所缺成分(主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语)从而判断是用关系代词还是关系副词。3.找出先行词(看是人、物或者是其他状语)八.定语从句与其他结构的比较1.与强调句型的区别。判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was that”去掉后，主句的意思和结构是完整的。1.This is the library _I borrowed the book. 2.It is f

10、rom this library _I borrowed the book. 2.that引导的限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别。区别在于：定语从句对先行词起着修饰、限定作用；而同位语从句对先行词起着解释、说明的作用。引导词that在从句中的作用不同。在定语从句中，that既起连接作用，又须在定语从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语等。而在同位语从句中，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。翻译方法不同。限制性定语从句通常翻译成“的”，而同位语从句通常翻译成“即”,也可用冒号或破折号表示。We all have heard the news_ our team won.We dont believ

11、e in the news _ he told us yesterday.3.与表语从句的区别The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. 4.与状语从句的区别。状语从句通常是没有先行词的，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语。而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定或解释说明作用的。Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already? 5.与while或when引导的并

12、列句的区别。when引导并列句时，意思是“这时”，相当于and then或and at that time. while 引导一个并列句时，意思是“然而”，表示“对比”或“转折”。She thought I was talking about her daughter, while , in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 6.定语从句与简单句等的区别。如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so等连接词，则这两个句子为两个并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导定语从句。尤其值得注意

13、的是，逗号后面也许根本就不是一个句子，而只是一个同位语。They have more than 100 books ; most of _ are English .定语从句专项语法填空。 （每题 1.5 分，共 15 分。 ）It was the summer of 2012, _ I came to Guangning No. 1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place, _ I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, th

14、e roof of _ looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason _ I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along with my classmates here, two of _ are my best friends. Jack, _ comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes v

15、arious sports, among _ he likes running very much. He will run 5 kilometers every day, _ makes him look strong. Nick, _ father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things _ we see in our school. Nick prefers the food _ is made in our ca

16、nteen. The teacher _ he likes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall 非谓语动词的运用1. 非谓语定义:在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 He sat in the classroom，reading (read) the English book（在此简单句中，已有谓语动词sat,故read这个动作要用非谓语动词表示）2.种类:

17、非谓语动词有四种： 动名词（动词的-ing形式doing）种类 形式 含义不定式 to do 主动， 将来现在分词 doing 主动，正在进行过去分词 done 被动，完成考点1：作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用to do1._ (do) exercises every day is of great benefit to our health.2._（see）is to believe. 3. _ (see) is believing. 4. It is no use _(cry) over the spilt milk.考点2：作表语(1

18、)不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。 1. Myjobis_(teach). 2. Yourdreamis_(go)tocollege. 3. Thisisan_(excite)film. 4. Wearevery_(excite). 考点3：作宾语只能用不定式作宾语的动词（例子 agree to do ）agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， pla

19、n (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine （决心）。同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心坚。只能用动名词作宾语的动词( 例子 suggest doing)(suggest，

20、advise； resist； enjoy)(consider； admit； risk) (avoid； delay； practise) (look forward to； succeed in； finish)建议抵制享受考虑承认冒险避免推迟实践期待成功完成既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式remember forget mean try stop regret记得 忘记 计划 打算 力争停止 后悔在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。 The watch needs repairing= The watc

21、h needs to be repaired.1. They are considering _ (go) to America.2. He couldnt imagine _( write) a novel in two days.3.The girl often practises _(speak) English in the morning.4. I prefer _( see) the film now rather than stay at home.5. This watch needs _ (repair), and I must remember _(take) it bac

22、k to the shop.6. I usually forget _( shut) the door, but I remember_ (shut) it yesterday.7. The boy couldnt help _(cry) when he heard the news.8. I have a lot of work to do, so I cant help _(make) tea for you.考点4：作宾补ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remindsbto do sth 使役动词make, let, have, get .

23、leavedo sth (被动语态时要加上“to”)感官动词feel, smell, hear, see, watch, notice . observe判断要用哪一个非谓语形式，要-判断宾语与动作的关系动词宾语to dodoingdoneWith主动关系 ，将来主动关系，正在进行或者一直处于某种状态被动关系，完成 1. Isawhim_(change) the wheels of the car. 2.I sawhim the wheel of the cars _(change)3. I felt the ant _(climb) onto my leg.4. Hewasseen_(cry

24、) in the garden.5. Sheraisedhervoicetomakeherself_(understand.)6. I will have someone _ (repair) the computer for you.7. The boss often has them _(work) for 14 hours a day.8. she had her money _(steal)when she got off the bus9. with a lot of problems _(deal with), the president has a hard time.10. w

25、ith a lot of Problems _(settle), the president felt at ease.11. with so many friends _(care about)me, I feel very happy. 考点5：作状语判断要用哪一个形式，要判断逻辑主语与动词的关系,它的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语逻辑主语to dodoingdone主动关系 ，表目的和意外结果主动关系被动关系，1. _(hear) the bad news, the couldnt help crying.2. _(taken) around the city, we were impres

26、sed by the beauty of the city.3. We hurried to the train station only_(find)that the train had left.4. Her husband died, only_ (leave) three children and a big fortune.5. _(see) from the top of the mountain, the town is very beautiful.6. _(see) from the top of the mountain , we can see the beautiful

27、 scenery.考点6：作定语判断要用哪一个形式，要被修饰名词与动词的关系被修饰的名词to dodoingdone主动关系 ，将来主动关系，正在进行被动关系，完成1. They had a very heated discussion in the meeting _(hold) last week.2 He is the last one _ (leave) the office.3. Thecomputercentre,_(open)lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.4. The man_(wear) the red c

28、ap is a well-known scientist _(study) the sea creatures.考点7.非谓语动词虽不是谓语，但仍然是动词一种形式，在句子仍有着自己的时态的。bb主.动被. 动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done主 动被 动一般式 to do to be done 进 行式 to be doing .完成式to have done to have been doneLittle Jim should love _ （take）to the theatre this evening. _ (tell) m

29、any times ,he still didnt make this obvious mistake.3. The meeting _(hold) in the lecture hall now is very important.4. We will discuss this topic in the meeting _ next month .语法填空Weare_1_(interest)inthestoryaboutSnowWhitebecauseitisavery_2_(interest)story.Onceuponatime,therewasaprincess_3_(name)Sno

30、wWhite.Shewasthemostbeautifulgirlintheworldbutshehadastep-motherwhotreatedherverybadly.Sheevenorderedaguardtokillher.TheguarddidntkillSnowWhite.Instead,heaskedSnowWhitetoescapeatonce._4_(terrify)bysomestrangesounds,sheranquicklythroughtheforestandcametoawoodenhousewhichbelongedtothesevendwarfs.Amome

31、ntlater,thesevendwarfscamebacktothewoodenhouseandtheysawabeautifulgirl_5_(lie)onthebed.AfterthatSnowWhiteandthesevendwarfslivedhappily.Theyoftenplayedonthegrass,_6_(singanddance)together._7_(know)thenewsofSnowWhite,theQueendressedupasanoldwoman.Thebadwomantookapoisonousappleandwenttothewoodenhouse.S

32、nowWhitebelievedtheoldwomanandbitthatredbutpoisonousappleandfelldown.Oneday,ahandsomeprincecamehere.Heshookherbyaccidentandwithashockthepoisonouspieceofapple_8_(bit)offbySnowWhitecameoutofherthroat.Andbeforelongsheopenedhereyes._9_(see)theprinceandthesevendwarfs,SnowWhitesmiled.SnowWhitedecidedtogow

33、iththeprinceandsaid“Goodbye”tothesevendwarfs.ShemarriedthePrinceandlivedhappily.LetslookbackatthebadQueen.Whathappenedtoher?_10_(notsatisfy)withthenews,thebadQueenfeltveryangry.Afewdayslater,shedied. 名词性从句名词性从句: 包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一, 语境分析：从句在句中的位置名词从句主语从句在谓语动词前(在行为动词、be，或系动词前)宾语从句在谓语动词或介词之后表语从句在

34、系动词之后同位语从句在名词之后，说明名词的具体内容二，连词归纳：引导名词性从句的连接词常用连接词功能连 词that, whether, if（if只引导宾语从句）只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成份，也没有任何意义连接代词who(ever), whom(ever), whose,which(ever), what(ever)既起连接作用，又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语等，有词义连接副词when(ever), where(ever)how(ever), why既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语，有词义 注意：1.that的用法：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：That

35、they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，但在连接词and或but所连接的两个作宾语的that从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个不能省略。He said (that) he has worked for nearly 10 years and that he wanted to go h

36、ome.that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用形式主语或形式宾语it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that (B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens that。如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will

37、win in the World Cup.2.if 和whether 的选用:不能使用if 的情况： a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句 e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.1) Were worried about whether he is safe.2) I dont know whether/if he is well or not.3) I dont know whether or not he is well.三，实战演练（一）填上适当的关系代词

38、或关系副词1. caused the accident was a man lying on the ground.2. will go makes no difference3. your daughter loves is very clear4. wallet was stolen must be made clear5. she was beautiful was known to everyone 6. we go there remain to be decided7. you uncle will arrive was not mentioned in his letter.8.

39、 you went there alone must be explained9. Ill take back I said10. Im satisfied with he did11. Tell us you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of time12.Thats I praise you13.The problem should be our monitor is not decided14.They have no information he was alive15.This is another proof he killed a man16.

40、The question is will come here.17. We got the news our team won the basketball match.18. he has disappeared worries his parents.19. breaks the rule must be punished.20. he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.（二） 语法填空I read a report last night. It says 1 a lot of people died in 2 _ traffic accident. But I forget 3 the accident happened last Sunday. 4 astonished me most is 5 some babies lost 6_ lives. However, I dont know 7 the government has taken some measures to deal with 8 . In my opinion, 9_ accident has taught us a lesson 10 we should obey the traffic rules.