2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习北师大版讲义：选修8 UNIT 22　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WORD版含答案.doc

1、(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1ecology n生态2botanical adj. 植物的3consultant n. 顾问4corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的5conservation n. 保护6consensus n. 一致的意见7species n. 纵联1 (动植物的)物种8habitat n. 栖息地9enforce vt. 实施，执行10scale n. 规模，范围11evolution n. (生物)进化.重点单词写其形1endanger vt. 危害2trap vt. 使困住3principle n. 纵联2 原则，道德准则4beyond prep. 超出5r

2、elevant adj. 有关的6coincidence n. 巧合7condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地8sacrifice vt. & vi. 牺牲；献出9advocate vt. 主张，提倡10recycle vt. 回收利用11substitute n. 代替品，代用品12seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取13behalf n. 代表14means n. 纵联3 方法15flee vt.& vi. 逃走16potential n. 可能性，潜在性17claim vt. 声称18arm vt. 纵联4 武装19carve vt. & vi. 雕刻.拓展单词通其变1

3、extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种2fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的fashion n流行，时尚3separation n分离，分开separate adj.分开的v.分离，分开4construct vt.建造construction n建造5considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consider vt.考虑consideration n考虑considering prep.考虑到；鉴于6adopt vt.采用；收养adoption n收养；采用adopted adj.收养的7reservation n预订；保留；保护reserv

4、e n保护区 vt.保留；预订reserved adj.预订的，保留的8agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的9changeable adj.多变的change n. & v变化10finance n资金financial adj.财政的；金融的11allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配，配给12calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算calculator n计算器纵联1.“环境”相关词一览species n物种 reserve n保护区conservation n保护 resource n资源recycle v

5、回收利用纵联2.“相似词”小结dessert 甜点desert 舍弃tissue 组织issue 问题；发行affect v影响effect n影响principle 原则principal 校长borrow 借sorrow 悲痛wander 漫步wonder 想知道纵联3.“方法，途径”种种means n方法 way n方法approach n方法；途径 method n方法纵联4.“熟词生义”忠义堂arm vt.武装 address vt.发表演说develop v冲印 escape v被忘掉；被忽视fail v不足；缺乏 kill v消磨(时间)hit n成功；红极一时的人或事单元话题环

6、境保护子话题1环境污染的因素pollute vt.污染 radiation n放射，放射物rubbish n垃圾；废物 litter v乱丢杂物carbon dioxide二氧化碳 damage n& vt.毁坏，损害smelly adj.有臭味的；发出臭味的子话题2保护环境的措施prevent vt.阻止，防止，预防 forbid vt.禁止punish vt.惩罚 reduce vt.减少replace vt.取代 protect vt.保护environmentallyfriendly adj.环保的学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2015浙江高考阅读C)Living

7、in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best

8、 measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.写出加黑短语在本单元的同义名词：separation写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：evolution写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：规模，加黑词所在句中短语lose sight of意为看不见2(2015陕西高考阅读C)The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, f

9、ullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：changeable，加黑

10、词除“变化”的意思外，还有零钱的意思写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：危害写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：ecology3(2009湖北高考阅读B)Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out， biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds.Last year was an important turning point: conservationist

11、s founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds.写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：(动植物的)物种，加黑词为单复数同形的名词，英语中常见的单复数同形的词还有means(手段)，works(工厂)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)等写出加黑短语在本单元的同义形容词：extinct写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：conservation高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2016天津高考书面表达)我谨代

12、表我们的学校向你们表达我的感情。(behalf)On_behalf_of_our_school,_I_would_like_to_express_my_feelings_to_you.2(2014浙江高考书面表达)通常科普类图书用一种简单而有趣的方式解释自然的基本原则。(principle)Usually_popular_science_books_explain_basic_principles_of_nature_in_a_simple_and_interesting_way.3(2012湖北高考书面表达)虽然在破旧的(shabby)校园和设施简陋的教室里我感到失望，但是我发现老师们耐心又

13、体贴。(considerate)Disappointed_as_I_felt_at_the_shabby_campus_and_the_poorlyequipped_classroom,_I_found_the_teachers_patient_and_considerate. (二)课堂重点释疑1reserve vt.储备；保存；保留；预订，预约n.保护区；储备辨清写出下列句中reserve的词性及含义I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.vt.保留I can not get the book I want but can

14、 I reserve it？vt.预订It is advisable to keep some food in reserve in case of emergency.n.储备Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya.n.保护区记牢(1)reserve sth.for sb./sth.为某人/某物保留、预订某物(2)in reserve 贮存；备用(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation 预订(座位、房间等)wit

15、hout reserve/reservation毫无保留地(4)reserved adj. 预订的，保留的be reserved for 留作，(专)供之用练通单句语法填空Have you reserved a room for your friends traveling in your city ahead of time, Mary?Oh, I forgot to tell you I have made a reservation for them.They will have a reserved room whenever they get there.(reserve)完成句子W

16、e always keep some money_in_reserve,_just in case.我们总是存些钱，以防万一。They supported the measures without_reserve/reservation.他们毫无保留地支持这些措施。一句多译你必须提前订票吗？Do you have to reserve_tickets in advance? (reserve)Do you have to make_a_reservation_of_tickets in advance? (reservation)写美(2018北京高考书面表达)我突然意识到传统文化如茶文化具有

17、巨大的魅力和价值。我们应该保留并且向全世界的人们传播我们的文化。It_suddenly_hit_me_that_traditional_culture_like_tea_culture_was_of_great_charm_and_huge_value.And_we_should_reserve_and_spread_our_own_culture_to_people_all_over_the_world.2seize vt.抓住；捉住；(用武力)夺取；依法没收记牢seize sth. from sb.从某人那里夺过某物seize sb. by the . 抓住某人的seize on/upon

18、 抓住，利用seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会练通单句语法填空Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar.Our teacher forbade us to seize on/upon our dictionaries during the test.完成句子We should seize_the_chance/opportunity_to_work_hard to achieve our goals.我们应抓住机会努力实现我们的目标。Tom_seized_the_letter_from_her

19、 and began to read out loud.汤姆从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。用准seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓的部位作宾语，也可用“seizesb./sth.bythe部位”结构，但表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词。写美(2015广东高考书面表达)我们可以利用唾液样本来检测人们是否患有主要的疾病。We_can_seize_on/upon_saliva_sample_to_detect_whether_people_have_major_illnesses. 3substitute vt.& vi.(用)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品记牢(1)substit

20、ute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代(2)a substitute for . 的替代品练通完成句子Nothing can substitute_for_hard_work because life is a process of struggle for success.没有什么可以代替努力工作，因为生活是一个为成功而奋斗的过程。The scientists are studying to develop a_substitute_for this kind of medicine.科学家们正在研究开发这种

21、药物的替代品。一句多译这台旧电脑坏了。我们必须用新的代替它。The_old_computer_doesnt_work.We_must_substitute_a_new_one_for_it.The_old_computer_doesnt_work.We_must_substitute_it_with/by_a_new_one.写美(2014上海高考书面表达)我了解到我们的英语栏目正在进行改革，三个栏目中的一个将被一个新的栏目所取代。Ive_learned_that_our_English_Post_is_being_reformed_and_a_new_one_will_substitute_

22、for_one_of_the_three_columns.4trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套辨清写出下列句中trap的词性及含义They had been trapped in the cave for 20 days before rescued.vt.使困住Were you just trying to trap her into making a mistaken decision？vt.诱骗You can escape from these traps by making the right choice.n.陷阱The police set a trap

23、to catch the thief.n.圈套记牢(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/get trapped in 被困在中(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套fall into the trap of doing sth.落入的圈套；做某事不明智set/lay a trap for 为设圈套练通单句语法填空The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) his poor quality milk. Once you fall into a trap, it wi

24、ll not be easy to get out of it.完成句子He set/laid_a_trap_for_her and she walked straight into it.他给她设了个圈套，她就径直走了进去。The brave soldiers were determined to save all the people who_were_trapped_in_the_flood.勇敢的战士们决心拯救所有被困在洪水中的人。Parents often fall_into_the_trap_of_trying_to_do_everything for their children

25、.父母经常一厢情愿地试图为子女操办一切。写美(2015江苏高考书面表达)更糟糕的是，因为近年来越来越多的汽车，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人被困在交通堵塞中。Whats_worse,_some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_are_trapped_in_the_traffic_jams_because_of_the_ever_increasing_number_of_cars_these_years.联想表示“被困于中”的短语还有：be/get locked inbe/get stuck inbe/get caught in be/get blocked i

26、n5threaten vt.威胁，恐吓记牢(1)threaten sb.with .用威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事threaten that . 威胁(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁练通单句语法填空He tied her up and threatened her with a sixinch knife.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment.David threa

27、tened to_report (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.句式升级He was threatened by terrorists and didnt dare to vote for the president.(用过去分词短语作状语)Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didnt_dare_to_vote_for_the_president.写美(2017浙江高考书面表达)就在那个时候，狼可能感觉到来自人的威胁，开始撤退。Just_at_that_time,_the_

28、wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw.6advocate vt.主张，提倡n.提倡者，拥护者记牢(1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that . 主张从句谓语动词用 (should)动词原形(2)an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者练通单句语法填空He advocated that the children (should)_be_taken (take) good care of in the charity house.Ma

29、ny experts in education advocated encouraging (encourage) children for good behavior.She has always been an advocate of/for changes to the local economic reform.写美(2017北京高考书面表达)毕业典礼终于到了，我和同学们都主张做一些有意义的事情。经过激烈的讨论，我们同意制作一个视频来记录我们在学校的经历。Graduation ceremony finally came.My classmates and I advocated doi

30、ng something meaningful.After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.7adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养记牢(1)adopt a policy/habit采用某项政策/某种习惯adopt ones suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a method/measures 采用某种方法/采取措施adopt an orphan 收养孤儿(2)adopted adj. 收养的(3)adoption

31、n. 收养；采纳练通单句语法填空/完成句子His adopted (adopt) son was said to be admitted into the key university, which made him very happy.Thanks to her adoption (adopt), Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.After a heated discussion, we all decided to adopt_measures_to_deal_with_the_contempo

32、rary_situation (采取措施来处理当前的情况)After much consideration, we all decided to adopt_my_deskmates_suggestion (采纳我同桌的建议)用准adopt与adapt词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。写美(2014天津高考书面表达)首先，我们应采取科学的饮食，它能提供身体所需。First_of_all,_we_should_adopt_a_scientific_diet,_which_provides_the_necessities_for_our_body.8means n方式，方

33、法；手段记牢means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径by means of 借助的手段by all means 可以，当然行；务必，一定by no means 决不(置于句首，句子倒装)by this means 用这种方法练通选词填空(by means of/by all means/by no means/by this means)By_no_means can teaching in school be separated from practice.We will by_all_means realize our dreams as long as we st

34、ick to them and work hard.By_means_of the Internet, we can gain plenty of useful information.Only by_this_means can you get in touch with your classmates.一句多译各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。Every_possible_means_has_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 为单数名词)All_possible_means_have_been_tried,_but none worked.(mea

35、ns 为复数名词)用准(1)当means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，单复数同形。means作主语且有every, each, one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few, all等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。(2)“(做)的方法”的表达还有：the approach to (doing) sth.; the way to do/of (doing) sth.; the method of (doing) sth.等。写美(2015重庆高考书面表达)通过定向分享，我只需要把书传递给其他参与者。书不仅能够共享，还可以搭建一座连接世界各地读者的桥梁。By_mea

36、ns_of_controlled_release,_I_only_need_to_deliver_books_to_other_participants.Not_only_are_books_shared_but_they_can_build_up_a_bridge_connecting_readers_from_different_parts_of_the_world.9coincidence n巧合；同时发生；一致，相符记牢(1)by coincidence碰巧，巧合的是It is/was a coincidence that . 是巧合的What a coincidence! 真巧！(2

37、)coincident adj.巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的练通单句语法填空By coincidence, my husband and I have the same birthday.The result of the game was coincident (coincidence) with our expectation.完成句子/一句多译真巧！我从没想到会在这里遇见你。What_a_coincidence! I never dreamed of meeting you here.当他受伤时，碰巧有辆救护车经过。It_was_a_coincidence_that_an ambula

38、nce was passing by when he got injured.By_coincidence,_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.写美(2016全国卷书面表达)任何有兴趣的同学都能参加。巧合的是，你拍照好而且一直想为环保做些事情。Any_student_who_is_interested_is_welcome_to_participate.By_coincidence,_you_take_good_pictures_and_youve_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environm

39、ental_protection.10considerate adj.体贴的，想得周到的 记牢(1)consideration n考虑；体谅，关心，体贴under consideration 在考虑中take . into consideration 把考虑在内；考虑(2)considerable adj. 相当大的；相当多的(3)considering prep. 考虑到(4)consider v. 考虑；认为consider sb./sth. to be/as .认为是；把看作 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事练通单句语法填空Considering what she ha

40、s done for us, we consider her as a very considerate person.(consider)Mothers Day is coming, and Im considering purchasing (purchase) a gift for Mum, one that is to her taste.Changing this situation requires considerable (consider)effort on the part of everyone.Everything taken into consideration (c

41、onsider), they believed themselves more qualified for the job.The plan he put forward at the meeting is under consideration now and the result will be put up soon.句式升级He took all the aspects into consideration and decided to study abroad.Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study

42、_abroad.(现在分词短语作状语)All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(独立主格)写美(2012江苏高考书面表达)不要以自我为中心，尽量要想得周到。我们一定要学会冷静而理智地处理争执。Dont_be_selfcentered_and_try_to_be_considerate.We_must_learn_to_handle_conflicts_calmly_and_wisely.11sacrifice v& n牺牲，献出 记牢(1)sacrifice .for .为而牺牲；牺牲而换得sac

43、rifice . to do sth. 为做某事而牺牲(2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出牺牲练通单句语法填空Would you sacrifice a football game to_go (go) out with me?As a mother, she was ready to sacrifice everything for her family.完成句子She made_many_sacrifices_to get her son a good education.为了让儿子接受好的教育，她做出了很多牺牲。He sacrificed_a_promisi

44、ng_career_to_look_after his kids.他为了照顾孩子牺牲了很有前途的事业。写美(2015浙江高考书面表达)为了集体利益，我倾向于牺牲自己的利益。I_tend_to_sacrifice_my_own_interest_for_the_group_benefit.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1If you dont pay your debt, your property will be seized (没收)2For most people, the car is still their main means (方式) of transport.3We became t

45、rapped (使困住) by the rising floodwater.4What a coincidence (巧合) that we were in New York at the same time!5All children should be encouraged to develop their full potential (潜能)6You mustnt sacrifice (牺牲) environment to promote economic growth.7We will condemn (谴责) those people for their mistreating p

46、ets, such as dogs or cats.8The report advocated (提倡) that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors in yesterdays newspaper.9In a formal football match, each team can have three players to substitute (替代) their teammates when necessary.10It was not until I completed the form that I realize

47、d that half the questions were not relevant (有关的) to me.单句语法填空1It is reported that the new airport is still under construction (construct)2In England, the changeable (change) weather is a topic which is much talked about.3By my calculation (calculate), we made a profit of 20,000 last year.4He came t

48、o China in order to learn Chinese agricultural (agriculture) skills.5The schools must adopt (adoption) new methods of teaching foreign languages.6The president called on his people to make a sacrifice for the good of their country.7If you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make a reserv

49、ation (reserve)8Her brother threatened to_leave (leave) her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.9They were trying every possible means to rescue the miners trapped (trap) underground.10The project wasted a considerable (consider) amount of time and money.单句改错1Only by this/that mean c

50、an we master English.meanmeans2The policeman seized the thief by his arm immediately.histhe3Though seats in the library are tight, my friend Tom has reserved one to me.tofor4Pack ice around Iceland was becoming a threat with navigation.withto5Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours, he became im

51、patient.Having_后加been.完成句子1By no means will_you_tell_him the news.你决不能告诉他这个消息。2Do you advocate_banning_cars in the city centre?你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗？3By_coincidence,_I met the person wed been discussing the next day.巧合的是，我在第二天遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。4It_is_considerate_of_you not to play the piano while I was as

52、leep.在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。5The man would probably seize_him_by_the_wrist and take the razor away.那人很可能会抓住他的手腕，把刮胡刀夺走。(一)课前自主学习1a_number_of 一些2in_turn 依次，轮流；反过来3take_action 采取行动4lead_to 串记1 引起，导致5apart_from串记2 除以外6answer_for串记3 (对已产生的不良后果)负责任7carry_off 掠去，夺走8call_for_an_end_to_sth.串记4 要求结束9refer_to 指，意即

53、10all_in_all 总的来说11earn_ones_living 谋生12as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上13result_in 导致14on_somebodys_behalf 代表15break_away_from 摆脱；脱离(团体、组织、某种 思想体系)16sum_up 总结，概括17or_else 否则，不然18beyond_ones_control 超出的控制同根短语串记串记1.说说“引起，导致”短语bring about lead toresult in/from contribute to串记2.“除以外”家族apart from 除外(还有/没有)aside

54、from 除外(还有/没有)except for 除了(不好的部分)except 除之外(不包括)besides 除外(还有)in addition 此外(单独使用)in addition to 此外as well as 除之外串记3.“负责”短语全接触answer for be responsible fortake charge in (the) charge of串记4.“结束”在何方call for an end to sth. 要求结束某事come to an end 结束bring sth.to an end 结束put an end to sth. 结束1warn people

55、in advance提前警告人们2in mountainous areas 在山区3the global average temperature 全球平均气温4the process of global warming 全球变暖的过程5cause changes in the Earths climate 造成地球气候变化6the worst eruption in human history人类历史上最严重的一次喷发7environmental disasters on a grand scale 大规模的环境灾难1Without these naturally occurring gase

56、s, the suns rays would_bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，使地球处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。2Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只

57、是巧合而已。3The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块与句式1(2018全国卷阅读C)The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be ar

58、tificial and empty, he said.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)Or_else2(2013江苏高考完形)I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us separately chasing the same thing.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)referred_to高考采撷(二)写作中的词块与句式(

59、根据汉语及提示翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)总之，我真诚地邀请你能亲自来我们学校看看。(all in all)All_in_all,_I_sincerely_invite_you_to_come_to_our_school_and_see_for_yourself.2(2014广东高考书面表达)鉴于这次机会，我将向那些仍然生活在现代生活贫困线以下的人捐赠一些东西。(given .)Given_the_choice,_I_would_make_donations_to_those_who_still_live_under_the_bottom_line_of_the_modern_liv

60、ing_condition.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1refer to涉及，提及；谈到；参考；查阅辨清写出下列句中refer to的含义If you dont understand some words, you can refer to the dictionary. 查阅Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. 参考We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again. 提及记牢(

61、1)refer to . as .把称作refer . to . 把提交给(以求获得帮助)(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅in/with reference to 关于练通单句语法填空Johnson referred to the discovery as a major breakthrough in medical science yesterday.The girl always refers to the reference books as her good friends and helpers.(refer)完成句子He should call 802247999

62、9 for the information in/with_reference_to his delayed baggage.关于行李延误情况，他应该打电话8022479999询问。You may refer_the_matter_to_him if necessary.必要的话你可以把这件事委托给他。写美(2018江苏高考书面表达)例如，有大量的参考书，我经常不知如何选择。For_example,_there_are_huge_amounts_of_reference_books_which_I_am_often_confused_to_choose_from.2lead to引起，导致，造

63、成(后果)；通向记牢lead sb. to . 引导某人去；带领某人通往lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事lead a(n) .life 过的生活lead the way 领路练通单句语法填空His illness led to his not being able to attend the meeting.I want to know what led you to_take (take) up Japanese when you are in your fifties.完成句子The receptionist led_the_way to the managers o

64、ffice.接待员领路来到经理办公室。Only in peaceful countries can the people lead_a_happy_life.只有在和平的国家，人民才能过上幸福的生活。写美(2015湖北高考书面表达)质疑会导致寻找答案。如果我们对于所告知的是否是真的养成提出疑问的习惯，我们就能发现正确答案并学到更多。Questioning_can_lead_to_searching_for_an_answer.If_we_are_in_the_habit_of_raising_doubts_as_to_whether_what_we_are_told_is_true,_we_c

65、an_find_the_correct_answer_and_learn_more.3apart from除之外(都)；除之外(尚有)记牢take .apart将拆开/拆分tell . apart 分辨出fall apart 破裂；断裂；散开set sb.apart 使某人与众不同 练通完成句子Apart_from this, the air and rivers have been heavily polluted.除此之外，空气和河流都被严重污染了。Please take_the_TV_apart to see whats the matter with it.请拆开电视看看出了什么毛病。

66、You can tell_the_two_books_apart by their covers.你可以根据封面把这两本书分开。He had a deep voice, which set_him_apart_from_others in our small town.他那深沉的声音使他和我们小镇上的其他人与众不同。The plan about building a bridge fell_apart because we failed to agree on where to build it.建桥计划失败了，因为我们未能就在何处建这座桥达成一致意见。用准apart from作“除以外”讲时

67、，既可以表示“包括”之意，相当于besides；也可以表示“不包括”之意，相当于except；还可以表示说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正，相当于except for。写美(2015四川高考书面表达)除此之外，你还可以阅读一些中文书籍，看一些中国电影，听一些中国广播节目。Apart_from_it,_you_can_also_read_some_books_in_Chinese,_see_some_Chinese_films_and_listen_to_some_Chinese_radio_programmes.句式集释1given的用法教材原句Given this data, it seem

68、s that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.悟拓展例句(1)Given (give) that he was still a boy, I forgave him.考虑到他还是个孩子，我就原谅他了。(2)Provided/Providing (provide) that you finish your work, you may go.假如你完成了自己的工作，你就可以走了。(3)Considering (consider) the stre

69、ngth of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.考虑到对方的实力，我们能进两个球就很不错了。析用法规则用法归纳(1)given为介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因，后可接that从句，that可省略；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。(2)引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达还有：considering (that) . 考虑到，鉴于seeing (that) . 既然，鉴于provided/providing (that) . 假定assuming (that) . 假设，如果suppose/supposing (that

70、) . 假如，如果背写作佳句(1)Given (that) his health conditions, I think he should have a good rest.(要点句)(2)(2018全国卷满分作文)Suppose/Supposing (that) you have any opinion about the film, please send emails to studentunion.(总结句)2拟人修辞手法教材原句The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and exp

71、erts are predicting far worse to come. 悟拓展例句(1)The last 30 years have_witnessed/seen the rapid development of China.过去的30年见证了中国的快速发展。(2)(2015重庆高考)History has_witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.历史见证了莎士比亚戏剧在世界上每一种语言下众多作品。析用法规则用法归纳(1)see意为“见证，目

72、睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。背写作佳句(1)(2015广东高考满分作文)All in all, these past years witnessed gradual changes in the class.(要点句)(2)The last decade saw many technological advances, and the next f

73、ew years will see more.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空apart from， refer to， answer for， result in， or else， all in all， in turn， break away from， earn ones living， call for an end to sth.1The team leader called_for_an_end_to the match.2Jobs earned_his_living_by selling computers when he was 19 years old.3Stre

74、ss and tiredness result_in a lack of concentration.4He spends too much time on maths, and this_in_turn affects the progress of his other subjects.5All_in_all,_it was a great success in the film industry.6I didnt know that he was a cheat; or_else I wouldnt have believed him.7The thief broke_away_from

75、 the policeman and ran away.8If you stick to that, you shall answer_for the consequences.9Its a good composition, apart_from a few spelling mistakes.10When you write your composition, you can refer_to any book you like.完成句子1Ironically, this may lead_to_doing_more_instead_of_less.具有讽刺意味的是，这可能会导致做更多而不

76、是更少。2Apart_from_Beijing_and_Shanghai,_we also visited some other cities during the holiday.除了北京和上海，假期里我们还参观了一些其他城市。3The National Day this year witnessed_so_many_traffic_jams on the expressway.今年的国庆节，高速公路上发生了很多交通堵塞。4Given_that_you_are_sick,_wed better put off the meeting.考虑到你生病了，我们最好推迟会议。5But_for/Wit

77、hout_your_help,_we couldnt have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。.分步写作假定你是李华，想邀请你校留学生Jack和全班同学周六去Green Village感受美丽乡村。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1表达邀请的意愿；2乡村介绍；3活动安排；4往返时间、方式。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本写作属于应用文中的邀请信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。邀请信的写作需要委婉含蓄，但需要点清楚，所以本文写作需要从以下四方面着手：要点1，表达邀请的意愿；要点2，乡村介绍；要点3，活动

78、安排；要点4，往返时间、方式。要点表达要力求准确全面，避免跑题。要点1：我是李华。我写信邀请你参观这个地区的Green Village。下面看一下吧。Im_Li_Hua._Im_writing_to_invite_you_to_visit_Green_Village_in_this_area._Heres_a_look_at_it.要点2：介绍乡村。Introduce_the_countryside.要点3：活动安排。Make_the_arrangement_about_activity.要点4：介绍往返时间、方式。Introduce_the_time_and_way_of_going_and

79、_returning.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容充实，我们需要对要点进行完善升级，使之更加完美、地道。如要点1可使用同位语；要点2可补充内容“这座迷人的村庄距市中心大约5英里，被绿色的田野和茂密的森林所包围”及“村民们很友好，他们总是热情地欢迎游客”，表达时可用并列句及一些高级词汇；要点3可添加具体活动安排如“我们将花两小时参观当地的博物馆，这将是一个了解这个村庄悠久历史的机会”及“在那之后，我们将独自在村子里旅行”，表达时可用sb.spend 时间(in) doing sth.的结构及which引导的定语从句使要点更加形象，增加文章的亮点，同时可使用表示时间先后顺序的

80、短语，使要点更加详细具体；要点4可使用and并列句使往返时间及方式一目了然。拓展1：我是李华。我写信邀请你参观这个地区的一座迷人的村庄，Green Village。下面看一下吧。(同位语)Im_Li_Hua._Im_writing_to_invite_you_to_visit_Green_Village,_a_charming_village_in_this_area._Heres_a_look_at_it.拓展2：这座迷人的村庄Green Village距离市中心大约5英里，被绿色的田野和茂密的森林所包围。(介词短语， be surrounded by)An_attractive_villa

81、ge_about_five_miles_from_downtown,_Green_Village_is_surrounded_by_green_fields_and_thick_forests.拓展2：村民们很友好，他们总是热情地欢迎游客。(and并列句， enthusiastic)The_villagers_are_friendly_and_they_always_give_visitors_an_enthusiastic_welcome.拓展3：我们将花两个小时参观当地的博物馆，这将是一个了解这个村庄悠久历史的机会。(sb.spend 时间(in)doing sth., which引导的定

82、语从句)Were_going_to_spend_two_hours_exploring_the_local_museum,_which_will_be_an_opportunity_to_learn_about_the_long_history_of_the_village.拓展3：在那之后，我们将独自在村子里旅行。(after that)After_that,_we_shall_travel_through_the_village_by_ourselves.拓展4：我们计划在本星期六9点在校门口集合，下午乘公共汽车回来。(and并列句)We_plan_to_meet_at_the_schoo

83、l_gate_at_9_am.this_Saturday_and_come_back_in_the_afternoon_by_bus.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡开头发出邀请；中间列举要点，利用各种高级词汇及表达，使句式要点之间工整协调；结尾利用if引导的条件状语从句，表达作者的殷切期望。Dear_Jack，Im_Li_Hua._Im_writing_to_invite_you_to_visit_Green_Village,_a_charming_village_in_this_area._Heres_a_look_at_it.An_attractive_village_about

84、_five_miles_from_downtown,_Green_Village_is_surrounded_by_green_fields_and_thick_forests._The_villagers_are_friendly_and_they_always_give_visitors_an_enthusiastic_welcome._Were_going_to_spend_two_hours_exploring_the_local_museum,_which_will_be_an_opportunity_to_learn_about_the_long_history_of_the_vi

85、llage._After_that,_we_shall_travel_through_the_village_by_ourselves.We_plan_to_meet_at_the_school_gate_at_9_am._this_Saturday_and_come_back_in_the_afternoon_by_bus._If_you_will_join_us,_please_email_me_soon.Yours，Li_Hua掌握阅读技能之(三)猜测有时候，未知的生词对阅读来说存在很大的障碍，对上下文的理解至关重要，我们必须知道这些词的精确含义。那么，如何排除这些障碍呢？此时，了解推理

86、和猜测单词的方法就特别重要，它们大致有以下几种：1重述 作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)或用信号词、同位语引导。常见的信号词有：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way等。典例(2015天津卷阅读C节选) In the library, I found my way into the “Childrens Room”.

87、 I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,_the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.分析由同位语“the first and only animal companion”的解释说明可以猜出beagle为“一种动物”。2定义作者常

88、常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其常出现在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中。下定义时，作者通常使用信号词，如i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as等。典例(2015北京卷阅读C节选) Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.分析通过本句中的定义“the same way light passes through a window”可知，transp

89、arent应意为“透明的”。3举例作者常常会通过对某一难词给出具体的例子，帮助考生理解该词的词义。举例常用的信号词有：such as, such .as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially等。典例(2016全国卷阅读D节选) Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that le

90、ft them merely sad.分析根据下文的举例“like anger or anxiety”可推知，画线部分的意思应是“消极的”。4同义词或近义词在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。典例(2017全国卷阅读A节选)By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre cre

91、ates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.分析根据上文“By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL”中的translating可知，interpretation与translatin

92、g同义，意为“翻译”。5反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有：(whether).or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand等。典例(2015福建卷阅读E节选)If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and

93、becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.73.The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “_”A.cheerful BaverageC.serious Dtemporary分析根据上文语境，upbeat应与上文中的“tired of”意义相反，故本题正确选项为A项。6构词法英语中的许多词汇，特别是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的。因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。典例(2016全国卷阅读D节选) A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.分析根据构词法知识我们可知，un为否定前缀，ness为名词后缀，easy (舒适的)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。