2020-2021学年人教版高中英语必修3学案：UNIT4 ASTRONOMY SECTIONⅡ LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE WORD版含答案.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1This theory (理论) is helpful to explain how the universe began.2He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion (宗教) and only believes in himself.3Unlike (不像) his brother，he is talkative and has a sense of humor.4They cant exist (生存

2、) on the money he earns.5He doesnt like to be violent，instead，he prefers to solve the problem in peace.6What is puzzling the police is how the accident happened.7As a teacher，I want to create a warm and free atmosphere for my students.8We should try our best to prevent the globe from being polluted.

3、拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1violence n暴力violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地2harm n伤害；损害harmful adj.有害的3exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在4puzzle v(使)迷惑puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的5religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的；宗教信仰的后缀ful和less构成反义词名词后缀ist“家”harmfulharmlesshopefulhopelesshelpfulhelplessscientist科学家bi

4、ologist生物学家physicist物理学家.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1in time及时；终于2lay eggs 下蛋3give birth to 产生；分娩4in ones turn 轮到某人5prevent.from. 阻止；制止6according to 根据7as a result 因此；结果8depend on 依赖；依靠；取决于.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1According to a UN report，the globe is becoming warmer and warmer.2There was a traffic jam；as a result，I w

5、as late for school.3He braked(刹) his car just in time to avoid an accident.4I was prevented from attending the meeting by a cold.5Whether she will come depends on the weather.背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状

6、是否会继续存在下去。so.that.“如此以至于”。The dough figurine he made was so beautiful that we couldnt wait to have a try ourselves.他做的面人是如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。2.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。It is obvious that.“很明显”。It is obvious

7、 that a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。3.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。w

8、hat主语从句is that表语从句。In addition，what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking the exam.另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的紧张、烦躁。4.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。make itadj.to do。The girl knows three foreign languages

9、，which makes it easier for her to find a good job.这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。 in time及时；终于；迟早(教材P2526)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。(1)in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。(2)in time作“

10、及时”讲时，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.。You will succeed in time as long as you dont give up.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy(enjoy) the midnight sun.我们夏天到达这里，及时欣赏了午夜太阳。Lucky for him，he was just in time for the bus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。名师点津time相关短语荟萃：from time to time有时；偶尔at a time 每次in

11、 no time 立刻；马上at the same time 同时at one time 一度；从前at no time 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序) unlike prep.与不同；不像adj.不同的；不像(教材P26)Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。(1)Its unlike sb.to do sth.做某事不像某人平常的样子。(2)unlikely

12、 adj.不可能的(3)likely adj. 可能的It is likely that. 可能sb./sth.be likely to do sth. 某人/物可能做某事Its very likely that you want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities.你很有可能想让有志愿者们来帮忙组织活动。He is likely to arrive (arrive) a bit late.他可能会晚到一会儿。It is unlike her to be(be)so patient with children

13、.对孩子那么有耐心不像她平常的样子。 harmful adj.有害的(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)be harmful to.对有害(2)harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害do harm to sb.do sb.harm 对某

14、人有害(3)harmless adj. 无害的Light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals.光污染对动物视力有害。Hunters should not fire at the harmless(harm) animals.猎人不能对无害的动物射击。Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。巧学助记巧记harm家庭语境助记This object gives off harmful gases which may do harm to ou

15、r health.You must make the object harmless before you use it.此物会散发有害气体，这些气体可能会损害我们的健康，你必须在使用它之前使它无害。 exist vi.存在，生存(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist in存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists/existed. 某地有(2)existence n. 存在；生存come in

16、to existence 产生；成立；开始存在in existence 现存的，存在着的Nothing exists(exist) on the moon as there is no water and no air.月球上没有东西生存，因为那里没有水和空气。There exists(exist) a tall tree in front of my home.在我家门前有一棵很高的树。Do you know when this kind of robot came into existence(exist)?你知道这种机器人是什么时候问世的吗？名师点津exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，

17、也没有进行时。 in ones turn轮到某人；接着(教材P26)Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns 轮流；交替take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。Please get on in your turn by checking tickets.请大家排好队检票上车。Lets take turns t

18、o drive(drive) the car.让我们轮流来开车吧。All theories are from practice and in turn serve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。名师点津by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。 prevent.from阻止；制止(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from

19、 the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。stop.from(doing)sth.制止keep.from(doing)sth. 阻止protect.from/against(doing)sth. 保护免受伤害No one can prevent this plan(from) being carried(carry) out.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。In order to keep her from going(go) out，he locked the door.为了阻止她外出，他把门锁上了。名师点津短语preve

20、nt/stop/protect.from.中的from可以省略，keep.from.中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。 puzzle n谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学家们最难以解答的问题之一。(1)in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好.(be)a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说仍是个谜(2)puzzle about/ov

21、er 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的be puzzled about. 对迷惑不解They feel puzzled over choices.他们对选择感到困惑。Im in a puzzle as to how to get along with him.对于如何和他相处使我感到困惑。语境助记The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。(教材P2

22、6)This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。【要点提炼】it作形式宾语。句中made it possible for life to develop属于 “v.(动词)itadj./n.(宾补)to do/that从句”结构。该结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。常用于此结构中的动词还有：think，believe，find，consider，feel等。I find it hard to remember (

23、remember)these words in a short time.我发现在短时间内记住这些词很难。I must make it clear that Ill always support you.我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。I think it useful to drink some hot milk before sleep.我认为睡前喝点热牛奶有作用。1What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid

24、globe.【分析】what引导主语从句，until引导时间状语从句，when引导定语从句。【翻译】随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。2What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.【分析】这是一个复合句。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；as在表语从句中引导状语从句。【翻译】更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。.单句语法填空1Some understanding

25、 of grammar is fundamental(fundament) to learning a language.2Unlike (like)most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually by bus.3I consider that it is harmful(harm)for students to play computer games too much.4Some violent(violence)scenes in the film were cut off when it was shown on t

26、elevision.5Our problems have multiplied(multiply) since last year.6He looked at me with a puzzled(puzzle) look on his face.7Her name in religion(religious) is Sister Mary.8A temple existed(exist) here hundreds of years ago.9Youll succeed in time if you keep on working like this.10. The government ha

27、s to close those small factories to prevent the water of the river from being polluted(pollute).单句改错1To be honest，what it is become is uncertain now.become前加to2For most students，the spelling of English is often puzzled.puzzledpuzzling3We prevented from going home by the heavy rain that day.We后加were4If he will arrive there on time will depend on the weather.If Whether5The scientists experiments gave birth for a new drug.forto