2019版高考英语新人教版必修5一轮复习：提分单元加餐练第五辑UNIT2THEUNITEDKINGDOM .doc

1、Unit 2 The United Kingdom 单元加餐练.阅读理解AThe British live on a small island. They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives. After the development of large, oceangoing sailing ships in the fifteenth century,the sea became even more

2、 important to the countrys development. Ships setting sail from England determined to extend Britains territories, its wealth and its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, people and new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the largest, most p

3、owerful navy in the world.The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life that they even affected the language. Many English expressions we use today were originally nautical (航海的)terms,although most people no longer realize this. For example, people commonly describe an honest and fair

4、business deal as being “above board”.This expression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest ships business would be carried out below decks ( i. e. below the boards) out of public view. On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck (above the boards), i

5、n the open where everyone could see what was going on.“Pipe down！”， meaning “Be quiet！”， is another common expression that has nautical origins. The ships boatswain (水手长)would blow a whistle,or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明 )to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.Mo

6、st native English speakers have heard the expression “not enough room to swing a cat”， but few know that the “cat” does not refer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail.The “cat”is actually a short form of “cat of nine tails”a whip with nine, knotted(打结的) tails.A boatswain needed a lot of

7、 space in order to swing the whip properly when lashing (鞭打)a poor sailorunder hiscontrol!篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。英国作为一个岛国，四周被海洋环绕，因此海洋在英国人的生活中发挥着重要作用。英国曾有着很强大的海军，一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语语言。1The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because _ .Athey occupied more land around the worldBthey got m

8、ore wealth from the seaCthey live on an island surrounded by the seaDthey had the largest navy ever答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives.”可知，英国被海洋包围，所以海洋对英国人的生活影响很大。2If someone is open and above boar

9、d, it means he is_ .AsecretiveBhonestCcheerfulDdishonest答案：B细节理解题。结合第二段的“people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being above board”可知，选B项。3Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?ASailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle.BSailors will be whipped if th

10、ey do business below decks.CA poor sailor may be whipped nine times a day. DThere is no spare room to raise cats on ships. 答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The ships boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.”可知

11、，当听到哨声，水手们要去睡觉。所以选A项。4The passage is mainly about _ .Athe business on British sailing shipsBthe influence of British sailors language on EnglishCthe sailing history of EnglandDthe sailing story of British sailors答案：B主旨大意题。本文主要通过介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家引入主题，即水手们在航行的时候使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言产生了深远的影响。因此B项符合题意。BA thre

12、emilelong fishhookshaped piece of land in the middle of Chesapeake Bay, Tangier Island has always been a community set apart from the mainland.These days, the islands 500plus residents, who mostly use golf cars as transportation on the villages narrow roads and who dont allow the public consumption

13、of alcohol, have managed to preserve their traditional culture. Probably the most striking example of their heritage is the islanders unique way of speaking.David L. Shores, a linguist (语言学家) who was born on Tangier Island, has found out the reason why the speech of Tangier Island strikes outsiders

14、as strange. According to Shores, the islanders pronounce their vowels louder and longer, which causes common words to sound different when spoken by Tangier natives.Some scholars have said the natives of Tangier speak an old form of English that goes back to the time of Queen F. Elizabeth I.Shores d

15、oesnt buy into that theory. “Its not Elizabethan English by any means，” he says. “I doubt if anyone could trace it to that, because the variety of English at that time was great.”Bruce Gordy, a Tangier native and a former teacher at the islands only school, has made a list of 350 strange expressions

16、 and words that he says are used and undertook only by the islanders. But Gordy doesnt think its the strange vocabulary that puzzles outsiders most when hearing Tangier residents speak.“I think what confuses them is the fact that we are talking backwards a lot，” he says. He offers an example. “If so

17、mebodys stupid, you know what I say？” Gordy says. “Im saying hes smart, but the way I say it makes everyone know Im emphasizing hes stupid. Both Gordy and Shores believe Tangiers isolation (孤立) has led to the islanders unusual way of speaking.” Now, the economy of Tangier Island is moving away from

18、its tradition of crabbing and fishing as the number of crabs and oysters in the bay declines.More residents are finding work on tugboats (拖船) or looking for jobs on the mainland.“Of course the sons and daughters went with their dad out crabbing. You dont go with your dad on the tugboat. Thats not go

19、ing to preserve Tangier culture，” Gordy says.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。Tangier Island岛上的岛民的发音系统特殊，导致说话的方式独特，造就了他们特有的传统文化。现在随着岛上经济的发展，岛民的子孙纷纷离开了岛屿到大陆寻找工作，这给Tangier Island的语言带来了冲击，也给该岛独特的传统文化带来了挑战。5According to the text, Tangier Island _ .Ahas been discovered recentlyBis a fast developing XPillageCis a land of g

20、olf loversDhas a small population答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These days, the islands 500plus residents,.”可知，这个岛上有500多个居民，人口很少。故选D项。6In Shores opinion, the language the islanders speak _ .Acant be called English in fact Bis unique in its pronunciation system Ccan never be understood by outsiders Dshares some s

21、imilarities with Elizabethan English答案：B细节理解题。根据第五段“According to Shores, the islanders pronounce their vowels louder and longer, which causes common words to sound different when spoken by Tangier natives.”可知，在Shores看来，发音体系导致了这些岛民拥有独特的语言。故选B项。7Whats Gordys attitude towards the preservation of Tangie

22、r culture?AConfident.BSatisfied.CConcerned.DAngry.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段Gordy所说的话可知，Gordy认为，现在岛上的经济发展了，岛民们纷纷在大陆找工作谋生，这无益于保护岛民的独特语言和文化，他对此很担忧。所以选C项。.七选五American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in

23、 the west they grow brown, red, or even yellow coats. _1_ Even in the same litter (一窝幼崽), both brown and black furred bears may be born.Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundredto five hundred pounds. _2_3_ However, if at

24、tacked, most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds. When angry or frightened, they are formidable enemies.Black bears feed on leaves, herbs, fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals. _4_ Unlike squirrels, woodchucks, and many other woodland animals, bears do not actually hib

25、ernate (冬眠). Although the bear does not eat during the winter months, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute. _5_ They prefer to live in caves.Baby black bears are born in January or February after a gestation p

26、eriod of six to nine months, and they stay with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old.Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild, and even longer in some nature reserves.ATo the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color.BBlack bears ma

27、te all year round.COne of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep.DLike all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous.EBears often eat a lot of food before they hibernate in their caves.FMost black bears live alone, except dur

28、ing the mating season.GTheir eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美洲黑熊的外貌、食物、生活习性等。1A本段主要讲述了美国黑熊的外貌，前面两句说了东部和西部黑熊的毛色，因此只有A项符合上下文的语境。故选A项。2G根据本段第一句“Black bears are the smallest of all American bears .”可知，本段具体描述美国黑熊的外形、体态，G项中

29、描述它们的眼睛和耳朵，符合语境。故选G项。3D根据下文“However, if attacked, . they are formidable enemies.”可知，上下文是转折关系，因此上文应该说到它们通常不存在危险性的一面。故选D项。4C下文中主要讲到了熊的冬眠。故选C项。5F本段主要讲述黑熊的生活方式。只有F项与主题有关。故选F项。.语法填空Drivers in central London will soon face a 30 fine if they sit in traffic without turning off their engine. This is _1_ (red

30、uce) pollution. The fines could start on May 1. In April, traffic wardens will ask motorists to turn off their engines.If they do not, the new law _2_ (start). People and businesses complained about the air quality. London has the _3_ (high) rate of death from air pollution in Britain. A spokeswoman

31、 said _4_ government will do its best to reduce pollution.The spokeswoman told reporters about the _5_ (important) of keeping people moving on the roads _6_ reducing air pollution. She said, “Motor traffic plays an important role in keeping our city moving, _7_ is vital to its economic prosperity. W

32、e want to raise motorists awarenessof the impact engine idling (空转)can have _8_ the environment, with air and noise pollution affecting overall health.” Not _9_ is happy with the new fine. The Institute of Advanced Motorists warned that people could see the fine as a “revenueraising exercise”. It sa

33、id old, large vehicles that idle _10_ get fines, and not energyefficient cars.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。在伦敦的中心城区，处于交通堵塞而未熄火的机动车司机将会面临30英镑的罚款。1to reduce考查非谓语动词。空格处表目的，所以用动词不定式。2will start考查动词的时态。if引导的条件状语从句通常用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。3highest考查形容词的最高级。根据语境及空前的the可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。指在英国，

34、伦敦是因空气污染而导致死亡率最高的城市。4the考查冠词。此处表特指伦敦市政府，故用定冠词the。5importance考查词性转换。由空格前的the可知，空格处需用名词，important的名词形式为importance。6and考查并列连词。空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词and。7which考查定语从句的引导词。空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句中的motor traffic，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。8on考查介词。have an impact on sth. 为固定用法，意为“对有影响”。9everyone/everybody考查代词。下文中的“Th

35、e Institute of Advanced Motorists warned that people could see the fine as a revenueraising exercise”表明，不是每一个人都赞成在伦敦实行这项新罚款措施。10should考查情态动词。此处指未熄火的、老旧的大型机动车应该被罚款，而不是节能汽车，故空格处应用情态动词should。.书面表达假设你是导游，根据以下内容，向游客简单介绍英国的情况。_标准范文Ladies and gentlemen，Im glad to be your guide. Now let me introduce the UK

36、to you.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland in the northwest of Europe, facing the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, it enjoys warm winters and cool summers with a lot of rainfall throughout the year. It has a total area of 244,1

37、00 square kilometers, with a population of about 65 million.Its capital is London, wellknown as the City of Fog. Thanks to its long history, it has many places of interest such as Big Ben, Greenwich and so on. Besides, it is among the highly industrialized countries in the world, making great contributions to human industrialization.I hope you can enjoy yourselves here. Thank you!