2019英语新一线同步北师大必修四讲义：UNIT 11 SECTION Ⅱ WARM-UP .doc

1、Section_Warmup & Lesson 1 Language Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇 1.chat n闲谈，聊天2.affair n. 事情，事件3.current adj. 当前的，现在的4.widespread adj. 广泛的5.poverty n. 贫穷，穷困6.reform n. 改革，改良7.debt n. 债务，欠款mittee n. 委员会9.publish vt. 出版，发行10.incident n. 事件，事情.拓展词汇1.media n大众传播媒介，传媒(复数形式)medium n媒体，媒介(单数形式)2.photograp

2、her n摄影师photograph vt.拍照，摄影photography n摄影3.nation n国家，民族national adj.国家的，民族的4.political adj.政治的politics n政治politician n政治家5.electricity n电electric adj.电的，用电的electrical adj.与电有关的6.administration n管理，行政administrate vt.经营，管理7.demand vt.要求，请求demanding adj.过分要求的，苛求的，严格的8.belief n信仰，信心，信任believe v相信，认为9.

3、painful adj.令人痛苦的，引起疼痛的pain n疼痛，痛苦10.host n主人，主办(国/城市/机构) vt.主办hostess n女主人11.announce vt.宣布，宣告announcement n宣布，宣告12.application n申请(书)；应用apply v申请，应用13.delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的delightful adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的delight n&v.(使)高兴，(使)快乐14.evidence n证据，证明evident adj.明显的，清楚的15.explanation n解释，说明explain v解释，说明16.ex

4、plode vt.爆炸explosion n爆炸1.affair n事情，事件同义incident; event; matter; business词块a public/private affair公/私事the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部2.current adj.当前的，现在的同义present词块current affairs 时事3.debt n债务，欠款词块in debt 欠债get/fall/run into debt 负债pay off ones debts 还清债务4.incident n事件，事情同义affair; event联想accid

5、ent事故5.reform n改革，改良词块economic/educational reform经济/教育改革6.political adj.政治的联想economic adj. 经济(上)的cultural adj. 文化(上)的7.nation n国家，民族同义country; state8.demand vt.&n.要求，请求同义request; require词块meet demand 满足要求on demand 一经要求in demand 广受欢迎；销路好9.belief n信仰，信心，信任同义faith联想relief n. 减轻，缓解，宽慰词块beyond belief 难以置

6、信的religious beliefs 宗教信仰10.announce vt.宣布，宣告同义declare; claim11.delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的同义happy; joyful; cheerful; pleased; glad12.publish vt.出版，发行同义come out出版(不及物动词短语)二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.stand for代表；支持2.react to . 对作出反应3.be made up of 由组成，构成4.in detail 详细地5.prevent . from . 防止做6.in the end 最后，终于e down

7、 to sth.可归结为；结果是8.look forward to 盼望，期盼9.be responsible for 对有责任/负责10.provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物1.chat/quiz show(电视)访谈节目/智力 竞赛节目2.get ready for 为做好准备3.at the moment 目前，此刻4.be remembered as 作为被记住5.health care administration 保健管理6.current affairs 时事7.the National Olympics Committee 国际奥林匹克委员会8.make a

8、n application 申请9.collect evidence 搜集证据10.rush hour (上，下班的)高峰期三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year, as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.今年的会议将会作为一次历史性的会议留在人们的记忆中，因为非洲问题将是本届会议详细讨论的问题。句中有两个as。第一个as为介词，第二个为连词，引导原因状语从句。As_you_have_known about it

9、, Ill tell you the truth. 既然你已经知道了，我就告诉你实情吧。2.Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.他们坚信，这是使许多非洲国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一出路。that引导表语从句，表语从句的引导词that一般不可以省略。His suggestion is that_we_should_take_action without hesitation. 他的建议是我们应毫不迟疑地采取行动。1(教材P22)What doe

10、s “G8” stand for?G8代表什么？stand for 代表，象征；支持，主张；容忍，忍受写出下列句中stand for的含义As is known to us, the letters PLA stand for the Peoples Liberation Army.代表，象征We will not stand for this sort of behavior, young man！容忍，忍受We Chinese stand for peace and wish to settle all disputes by peaceful means.主张，支持stand by袖手旁

11、观；支持；信守，遵守stand out 突出；引人注目；杰出，显眼stand up 起立；站立；经得起(to)stand up for 保护，维护，支持A true friend you will stand up for you when you need it. Also when you dont ask them to.真正的朋友会在你需要的时候站在你这边。即使在你没有要求他们这么做(他们也会这么做的)。How can you stand by and do nothing when she needs help?当她需要帮助时，你怎么能袖手旁观什么也不干呢？After several

12、 rounds of competition, the little girl stood out because of her excellent spoken English and quick response.经过几轮的比赛，因为她的出色的英语口语和快速的反应能力，那个小女孩脱颖而出。2(教材P22)Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.全世界的人们都要求改革。demand (1)vt.要求，请求demand to do sth.要求做某事demand sth.of/from sb. 要求某人某事dem

13、and of sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事demand that . (should) do .要求(从句用虚拟语气， should可以省略)The workers in this factory demanded to raise their salary.这家工厂的工人要求提高他们的工资。The manager demanded that the workers (should)_work (work) extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.The manager demanded of the workers to_w

14、ork (work) extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。Yesterday evening, the couple came to my house and demanded help of/from me.昨天晚上，这对夫妇来到我家要求我帮忙。名师点津表示“要求某人做某事”，不可以说demand sb.to do sth.，但可以说demand of sb.to do sth.或ask/require/request sb.to do sth.。(2)n.要求，请求；需要，需求be in (grea

15、t) demand(迫切)需求，需求大on demand 一经需求meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的需求The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in_great_demand in this city.哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。The manager promised that they would try to meet_their_customers_demands.经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。名师点津常见的动词后接宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词：一坚持(insist)；二命令

16、(order, command)；四建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)；四要求(require, request, demand, desire)等。3(教材P22)Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.他们坚信，这是使许多非洲国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一出路。belief n信仰，信任，信心Its ones belief that .(Ones belief is that .)相信hold/hav

17、e a belief that .相信have/lose belief in . 对有信心/失去信心beyond belief 难以置信If you are selling, you have to have belief in the product.如果你在销售东西，就必须对所销售的产品有信心。Its beyond belief that parents have to spend nearly one million yuan bringing up a child in China nowadays.现如今，在中国抚养一个孩子花费父母将近一百万，这太让人难以置信了。It_is_my_b

18、elief_that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years.我相信在未来的十年里我们会找到治愈癌症的方法。I hold the firm belief that only when everybody makes an effort can our society be warmer and more harmonious.我坚信只有我们每个人都作出努力，我们的社会才会变得更温馨和谐。4(教材P23)At 12：45 UK time today, the name of the host city for the 2012 O

19、lympic Games was being announced by the International Olympics Committee (IOC) in Singapore.今天英国时间12：45，国际奥林匹克委员会在新加坡宣布了2012年奥林匹克运动会主办城市的名字。announce vt.宣布，宣告(1)announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事announce (to sb.) that . (向某人)宣布/发表Its announced that . 据宣布(2)announcement n. 宣布，通告make an announcement (to sb.)

20、 (向某人)发表声明After everyone was seated, the chairman began to announce his plan to reform the tax system.大家就座后，主席开始宣布他的改革税收制度的计划。Its announced (announce) that Japan will host the 2020 Olympic Games.据宣布日本将举办2020年奥运会。Id like to make an important announcement (announce) to you.我要向你们发表一项重要声明。It is wise to

21、announce the news to the public.把这则消息告知公众是明智之举。名师点津announce不能跟双宾语。即没有announce sb. sth. 结构。如要表达“向某人宣布某事”要用announce sth. to sb.。类似用法的动词还有：suggest, explain, report等。辨析比较announce, declareannounce指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判、表明立场等语境串记He anno

22、unced to us that the government had declared that they would try every possible means to prevent the disease throughout the country.他向我们宣布称政府已经发表声明，他们将尝试任何可能的方法阻止疾病在全国范围内蔓延。5(教材P23)Applications to host the games had also been made by Moscow, Madrid, New York and Paris.申请主办这届奥运会的城市还有莫斯科、马德里、纽约和巴黎。app

23、lication n申请(书)；应用，运用(1)make an application (to .) for .(向)申请(2)apply v. 运用；申请；应用apply sth. to . 将用在上apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物apply oneself to 致力于；专心于(3)applicant n. 申请人It was announced that they had received 500 applications for the post.据宣布，对这个职位，他们已经收到了500份申请书了。I made_an_application_to th

24、e hospital for a job as a nurse and to my delight, my application was accepted.我向这家医院申请了这份当护士的工作，令我感到高兴的是，我的申请被接受了。We must apply_what_we_have_learned_to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.我们必须把所学的知识应用到日常工作中去，因为理论与实践绝不能分开。After a short holiday, he applied_himse

25、lf once more to his studies.经过短暂的假期后，他再次专心致力于学习中。Its said that more than 5,000 people applied_to our company for the job.据说五千多个人向我们公司申请了这份工作。6(教材P23)In the end, it came down to a choice between Paris and London.最后的结果是在巴黎和伦敦之间作出选择。come down to可归结为；(风俗、习惯等)流传到，落(传)到手中；沦落为(to为介词)come about发生，产生，出现come

26、across 偶然发现(某物)；偶然遇到(某人)come out 出版，发表，显露，泄露come to 合计达；苏醒；达到(某种状态，情况)come up 出现，发生；走近；(话题、议题等)被提出讨论come up with 提出；提供(主意，建议，答案等)It comes down to two choices: you either improve your work, or you leave.归结起来有两条出路：你或者改进工作，或者辞职。He had come down to begging (beg) when his father found him.父亲找到他时，他已沦落到乞讨的

27、地步。Weve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages.我们刚刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。He came_up_with a good design for the repairs of the old temple.对于这座古老的寺庙的修缮，他提出了一个好的设计方案。It is obvious that the magazine comes out once a month.很显然，这种杂志每月出版一次。7(教材P23)Prince William, who is now in New Zealand, said he

28、was delighted that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London and he was looking forward to the Games.正在新西兰的威廉王子说，他很高兴伦敦将主办2012年奥运会，他期盼着这次盛会的到来。delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的(1)be delighted at/by 由于而高兴be delighted with 喜欢；对满意be delighted to do sth./that . 高兴做某事(2)delight n. 高兴take (great) delight in (doi

29、ng) sth. 以(做)某事为乐with delight 高兴地；愉快地to ones delight 使某人高兴的是He was delighted at/by the news that his son was admitted into the Peking University.听到儿子被北京大学录取的消息，他很高兴。I am very delighted to_tell (tell) you something about the college entrance examination.(2014四川高考书面表达)我非常高兴告诉你有关高考的事情。Our teacher was v

30、ery delighted with the explanation.我们老师对这个解释感到非常满意。To_my_delight,_I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是，在上百位申请者当中我被选中去参加这个开幕式。As for me, I take great delight in gardening, for my father is an advanced gardener.就我而言，我非常喜欢园艺，因为我父亲是一位高级园艺师。1It is going to be rem

31、embered as a historical meeting this year, as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.今年的会议将会作为一次历史性的会议留在人们的记忆中，因为非洲问题将是本届会议详细讨论的问题。句中有两个as，其中第一个是介词，意为“作为”，形成短语be remembered as“作为被怀念/记着”。第二个as是从属连词，意为“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句，可以放在主句之前或之后，表示理由时，语气没有because那么强，不能用来回答why的提问或被强调。As I was busy preparing f

32、or my final exam, I didnt reply to your email as soon as I received it.(2013山东高考写作)因为我正忙着准备期末考试，我没有一收到信就给你回信。as作连词的其他用法：(1)as引导时间状语从句，主句和从句的动作同时发生，意为“一边一边”或“随着”。They sang songs as they were doing farm work.他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。As_time_went_by (With time going by), I gradually adapted myself to the school li

33、fe.随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。(2)as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”，常构成倒装结构。Strange_as_it_might_sound,_his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.虽然他的主意听起来很奇怪，但参加本次会议的所有人都同意了。名师点津as意为“尽管”时，须将表语、状语等提前，其他成分保持陈述语序；名词提前时，去掉冠词。Child_as_he_was,_he knew a lot.虽然是个孩子，但他懂得很多。(3)as引导方式状语从句，意为“以方式”。When in Rome, do a

34、s_Romans_do.入乡随俗。(4)as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，与such，the same等搭配，或引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句。This is the_same book as I lost yesterday.这与我昨天丢的那本书一样。As_is_known_to_us_all,_fish cant live without water.众所周知，鱼离不开水。2Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.他们坚信，这是

35、使许多非洲国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一出路。(1)that this is the only way . pasts为表语从句，表语从句的引导词that一般不可以省略。My idea is that we can invite our foreign teachers to the party.我的主意是我们可以邀请外教来参加晚会。(2)that, why和because都可引导表语从句。有些名词，如reason, cause等作句子的主语时，其后的表语从句常用that引导；because引导表语从句时常用于“Thats because .”这一句型中，说明产生上述结果的原因；why引导名词性从句，

36、说明由上述原因而导致的必然结果。The reason why he hasnt come is that he has not received the invitation.他没来是因为他没有收到邀请。I was very late for school this morning. Thats_because I stayed up too late last night.(前面为结果，后面为原因)今天上午我到校很晚，那是因为我昨晚熬夜太长时间了。I stayed up too late last night. Thats_why I was very late for school thi

37、s morning.(前面为原因，后面为结果)我昨晚熬夜太长时间了，这就是我为什么上午到校很晚的原因。.单句语法填空1What do the letters WHO stand for?2We receive hundreds of job applicants (apply) each year.3Peter has been out of work for half a year, so he wants to apply for a job in this company.4Delighted (delight) with what the students had done, the

38、teacher praised them highly.5He demands of me to_pay (pay) in advance.完成句子1The difficulties they are facing are just beyond_belief (令人难以置信的) though they are determined to continue their research.2These customs have_come_down_to (风俗、习惯等流传到) us through many generations.3The news was_announced_to (向宣布)

39、 the public on TV.4As_is_probably_true_with_many_people (这或许和许多人一样), I got quite homesick and often thought about going home.5The fact is that_he_hasnt_yet_recovered_from_illness (他还没有从病中痊愈)一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1They made an announcement (宣布) to the whole country that the flight had crashed.2Since the

40、 earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to meet societys demands (需求)3The incident (事件) has further increased the tension between the two countries.4She was delighted (高兴的) that her son had returned safely.5After several years of hard work, the couple finally paid all their debts (债务)

41、 off.6Our teacher tells us that we should be concerned about state affairs (事务)7We regret to inform you that your application (申请) has not been successful.8I found further scientific evidence (证据) for the theory.9An important step for developing countries towards advanced ones is to wipe out poverty

42、 (贫穷)10He gives an explanation (解释) of how sound travels in water.单句改错1The boss demanded that Mary finished it within a week.finished(should)_finish2Over the years, he has applied himself to improve the living conditions of the migrant workers.improveimproving3As time going by, we became good friend

43、s.AsWith或goingwent4John didnt pass the final exam. That was because he seemed upset.becausewhy5A quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.去掉A6Its time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from get warmer.getgetting7If you ring the doorbell when visiti

44、ng our home, you are greeted by our dog.arewill_be8As we all know, the railway was built this time last year.was后加being.完成句子1Poor_as_they_are,_they feel very happy.(as引导的倒装)尽管他们穷，但感到很快乐。2Tom was very lazy. That was why_he_never_achieved_anything_in_his_life.汤姆很懒，那就是他一生碌碌无为的原因。3It_was_announced_that

45、only when the examination papers were handed in would the students be permitted to go out of the classroom.据宣布只有试卷都交上了学生才可以允许离开教室。4She came_up_with_a_new_idea for increasing sales.她想出了增加销售量的新主意。5To tell you the truth, Im_delighted_to_be_invited_to your graduation ceremony.说实话，被邀请参加你的毕业典礼我感到非常高兴。6If

46、you want to apply_for_a_job,_please fill_in_this_application_form.如果你想申请这份工作，请填写这张申请表。7(2014四川高考书面表达)On the one hand, I_have_strong_belief_that_I_will_do_well_in_the_exam;_on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous, though its not difficult.一方面，我坚信会在考试中做得很好；另一方面，虽然不难，我仍感觉有点紧张。8In the unusual hot summer

47、, air conditioners are_in_great_demand.在这非同寻常的炎热的夏天，空调的需求量极大。.课文语法填空Africa on G8 AgendaThe political leaders from eight of the worlds 1.wealthiest (wealth) nations will meet in Scotland this summer. They will discuss the topic of Africa 2.in detail. There are many problems for African people 3.to_so

48、lve (solve), such as poverty, sex education and health care administration. People from all over the world have demanded that the leaders 4.(should)_cancel (cancel) the debt of Africas poorest countries. Their 5.belief (believe) is that this is the only way for the poor people to escape the 6.painfu

49、l (pain) pasts.London WinsLondon was announced by the IOC in Singapore to be the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games. Londons name 7.had_been_announced (announce) twice before, 8.so (连词) it now has the distinction of being the first city 9.to_host (host) the event three times. The good news made th

50、e people in London so 10.delighted (delight) that they celebrated it everywhere.串点成篇微表达他出身贫寒(poverty)，但有着坚强的意志。他努力学习，目的是(so that)能成为一名对他的国家有用的人。现在，他最新的一本书已经在全国范围内出版(publish)了，书中的一些政治(political)观点对他的国家的发展非常适用。因此，他已经被宣布(announce)为对他的国家最有用的人才之一。He_was_born_in_poverty,_but_he_had_a_strong_will._He_studi

51、ed_hard_so_that_he_could_become_a_useful_person_to_his_country._Now_his_latest_book_has_been_published_all_over_the_country,_in_which_his_political_views_are_suitable_for_the_development_of_his_country._Therefore,_he_has_been_announced_to_be_one_of_the_most_useful_persons_to_his_country.二、勤练高考题型，多练自

52、能生巧.完形填空A newspaper reporters job can be very interesting. He meets all kinds of people and lives quite a(n) _1_ life. He is on the rush for newspaper all the time, then after several years he _2_ get a desk job, and life becomes a bit more settled.In a day he may have to _3_ the prime minister(首相)

53、of a foreign country, and the next day he may be _4_ about a football match. Sometimes he may be so busy that he hardly has any time to _5_. And at other times he may go out for days looking _6_ news, and yet return _7_.In the beginning a reporter has to _8_ a very wide field. After the early years

54、he becomes more _9_ in his work. For example, he may finally be _10_ to write only on politics or sports.Some newspapers have book reviewers (评论家). Their job is _11_. They read the latest books and then write reviews on the _12_ they like. Then there are those who write on _13_. So they get to see t

55、hem even _14_ they are shown in the cinema. How lucky, you _15_ say!A newspaper reporters job can also be very _16_. A number of them have died from rushing from one place to another and if there is a flood or a riot they may get _17_ or even be killed. Three years ago there was a reporter whose cam

56、era was _18_ by a group of men, _19_ they were angry with him for taking their pictures.Dangerous or not, one thing is certain，and that is, their job is never _20_.1A.happyBpainfulCbusy Dsimple解析：选C通过下文“He is on the rush for newspaper all the time .”得知，记者的工作非常繁忙。2A.must BneedCshould Dmay解析：选D通过第二段对记

57、者日常工作的描述来看，记者首先会做一些基层的采访工作，几年后才有可能从事文案工作(a desk job)，这样工作才相对稳定些。3A.interview BannounceCreceive Dassist解析：选A根据语境应为采访外国的首相。4A.writing BwatchingCasking Dpublishing解析：选A根据语境可知，记者会写有关足球赛的报道。5A.work BstudyCsleep Dread解析：选C根据句意，没有时间睡觉才能说明记者有时会非常忙。6A.into BforCover Dthrough解析：选B根据语境知此处是“四处搜寻新闻”的意思。7A.emptyh

58、anded BsinglehandedCcareloaded Doverloaded解析：选A句中yet表明前后意思转折，所以应是空手而归。8A.focus BworkCcover Ddevelop解析：选C由下文知，记者先要广泛涉猎，以后才专注于某一方面的报道。9A.clever BhardworkingCspecial Dspecialized解析：选D根据语境，此处是说记者变得更为专业。10A.ordered BaskedCinvited Dwarned解析：选B由常识和上下文可知，记者被要求做某一方面的编写工作。11A.pleasing BmovingCboring Dterrifyi

59、ng解析：选A通过下文的描述说明，写书评能最早读到新书，这应该是令人高兴的事。12A.movies BpeopleCothers Dones解析：选Dones代指books，以避免重复。13A.books BconcertsCfilms Dsports解析：选C根据下文 “. they are shown in the cinema.”可判断出是写影评。14A.after BuntilCunless Dbefore解析：选D由上下文知，应是在电影公开放映之前看到电影。15A.can BwouldCcould Dshall解析：选Bwould表示一种猜想。16A.dangerous Bdiffi

60、cultCexciting Dsurprising解析：选A通过下文的描述可知，记者的工作可能是很危险的。17A.damaged BlostCwounded Dhurt解析：选D根据上下文可知，记者有时会面临受伤甚至死亡的危险。18A.lent BboughtCbroken Dhidden解析：选C根据语境知照相机应是被摔坏了。19A.although BsinceCbut Dbecause解析：选D后面内容是前面内容的原因。20A.unusual BunableCuninteresting Dunsuccessful解析：选C通读全文之后，可判断出无论是否危险，有一点是肯定的，那就是记者的工

61、作从来不是索然无味的。.短文改错This morning when I was walking in the street, I see a lovely baby. To my surprise, the babys father was smoking with the baby right in the front of him. As is know to all, secondhand smoke can great harm babies. But many people pay little attention secondhand smoke. In much cases, f

62、athers have to take care of their babies. Will they stop smoke if they know secondhand smoke can do great harm to their childrens healthy? So I do hope fathers will be educating in what to take care of their children.答案：第一句：seesaw第二句：去掉最后一个the第三句：knowknown; greatgreatly第四句：在attention后加to第五句：muchmany第六句：smokesmoking; healthyhealth第七句：educatingeducated; whathow