2020年高中英语 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 词汇讲解习题 牛津译林版选择性必修第四册.doc

1、词汇讲解Part 1 单词拓展1. barely /beli/ adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能； 几乎不；刚才 拓展：当never, seldom, few, little, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no, not等含有否定意义的副词及其构成的短语放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，即把be动词/情态动词/助动词提至主语前面。2. appointment /pntmnt/ n. 约定，约会； 任命，委任；职务 拓展：appointment n. 约会;预约;任命,委任appoint vt. 任命;委派;指定;约定appointed adj. 指定3. mak

2、e ones fortune 发财 拓展：fortune n. 大笔的钱,财富;运气fortunate adj. 幸运的fortunately adv. 幸运地【反】misfortune n. 不幸unfortunate adj. 不幸的;令人遗憾的unfortunately adv. 不幸地;令人遗憾地4. reliable /rlabl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；拓展： *rely vi. 依靠，依赖，信任，信赖reliable adj. 可依靠的，可信赖的【同】depend vi. 依靠，依赖，信任，信赖 5. worthwhile /wwal/ adj. 值得花时间（或 花钱、努

3、力等），重要的，令人愉快的 (2) 拓展：*worthy adj. 配得上的worth adj. 值worthwhile adj. 值得做的，值得花费时间/金钱的【反】worthless adj. 没有价值的；没有用的 练习：词条搭配意义和用法worthwhileIts worthwhile doing.Its worthwhile to do.值得做worthbe worth+n.值得,值be worth doing“某事值得被做”,要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。表示“很值得被做”用副词well修饰worthybe worthy of+n.应得be worthy of being don

4、ebe worthy to be done“某事值得被做”,接动名词时of 后要用动名词的被动式； 接不定式时，worthy后要用不定式的被动式。worthy 作定语时，表示“有价值的,值得尊敬的”。【即时训练】. 语境串词(1)This article is well _ reading, but it is not _ of being translated.So I feel that all your efforts arent _.(worth). 语法填空(2)I think your outstanding performance is worthy of _(praise)(3

5、)(2019全国卷满分作文)Staff and students from different clubs will stage singing, dancing and drama performances, which are well worthy _(watch).(4)The question is not worth _ again and again.(5)_ is worthwhile buying/to buy the reference book, because it is a great help for your study【参考答案】 (1)worth worthy

6、 worthwhile (2)being praised (3)to be watched (4)discussing (5)It6. outline /atlan/ vt. 概述，略述 n. 概述；轮廓线，略图 (3) 拓展：outline n. 提纲,概要;轮廓线,略图【同】sketch n. 素描;略图;梗概7. criminal /krmnl/ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 (3) 拓展：crime n. 犯罪 criminal adj. 犯罪的 / n. 犯人8. innocent /nsnt/ adj. 无辜的，清白的，无罪 的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n.

7、无辜者 拓展：innocent adj. 清白的;无罪的;无恶意的;纯真的innocence n. 清白;无辜【反】guilty adj. 有罪的guilt n. 有罪9. legal /lil/ adj. 合法的；法律的 拓展：illegally adv. 非法地illegal adj. 非法的legal adj. 合法的legally adv. 合法地10. principle /prnspl/ n. 道德原则；法则； 信条 拓展：principle n. 原则,法则;道德原则,行为准则【联】principal n. 校长 adj. 最重要的,主要的11. guilty /lti/ adj

8、. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的； 拓展：innocent adj. 清白的;无罪的;无恶意的;纯真的innocence n. 清白;无辜【反】guilty adj. 有罪的guilt n. 有罪 练习：find sb. guilty 判决某人有罪be guilty of (doing) sth. 犯(过失等)feel/be guilty about 对感到内疚guilt n. 罪行，内疚自测默写【即时训练】语法填空(1) He was found _(guilt) and sentenced to three years in prison.(2) Sam was proved to be gui

9、lty _ murdering an eightyearold girl.(3) I felt guilty _ visiting my parents so rarely because I was occupied with some extra work on the weekend.(4) Finally, the criminal admitted his _(guilty) after the police educated him.【参考答案】(1)guilty (2)of (3)about (4)guilt12. ashamed /emd/ adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 (7)

10、拓展：ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的shameful adj.令人惭愧的，令人羞愧的shame n. 羞愧 【反】proud 13. forgive /fv/ vt. & vi. (forgave, forgiven) 原谅，宽恕；免除（债务） 拓展： *forgive vt. 原谅，宽恕forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕 forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt.原谅，宽恕forgive sb. sth.原谅某人某事 forgive ones doing sth.原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb. for (doing) sth.原谅某人(做了)某事

11、forgive and forget摒弃前嫌 自测默写【即时训练】. 语法填空 We forgave him _ being rude as he was so young. Tom forgave his little sister for _ (destroy) his toy car. Please forgive my _ (interrupt) your conversation. 完成句子(4)After the argument the boys decided to_ (摒弃前嫌). (5) 请原谅我以前你在中国期间我做得不对的地方。Please _ what I did wr

12、ong before during your stay in China. 【参考答案】for destroying interrupting forgive and forget forgive me for14. cheat /tit/ vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊 拓展： cheat v. 欺骗;作弊 n. 骗子;欺诈行为【同】fool vt. 欺骗，愚弄 n. 傻瓜foolish adj. 傻的trick n. 骗局;玩笑;恶作剧;戏法;把戏;诀窍 vt. 欺骗;欺诈15. disappointed /dspntd/ adj. 失望的， 沮丧的 拓展：disappointed

13、 adj. 失望的disappointing adj. 令人失望的disappoint vt. 使失望disappointment n. 失望16. pretend /prtend/ vi. & vt. 假装；装扮，扮作； 自诩，自认为 pretend自测默写【温馨贴士】to do 根据动词不定式的动作发生时间运用不同的形式：to do表示经常或将来 to be doing表示正在进行 to have done 表示过去或完成【即时训练】语法填空 (1) She pretended _(do) her homework when her mother came in.(2)(20196月浙江高

14、考满分作文)When I am faced with difficulties in English learning, I wont pretend_(know) it, but turn to you.(3) We cant go on pretending _ everything is OK.【参考答案】to be doing to have known that17. *anchor /k(r)/ n. 锚；给以安全感的人（或物） vi. & vt. 抛锚；使固定 (11) 拓展：be anchored in 基于 18. mercy /msi/ n. 仁慈，宽恕at the mer

15、cy of sb/sth 任处置，对 无能为力 拓展： at the mercy of 任由摆布；受支配show mercy to 对表示怜悯have mercy on 对表示怜悯ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求/乞求/祈求宽恕Its a mercy.幸运的是merciful adj. 怜悯的，宽容的，仁慈的mercifully adv. 怜悯地自测默写【即时训练】完成句子 小船的马达出现故障之后，他们只能任由天气的摆布。After the boats motor failed, they were only _ the weather. (20196月浙江高考)你心地善良

16、，总是对那些身陷困境中的人心生怜悯。 You are kind and always _ those in trouble.【参考答案】(1)at the mercy of (2) show mercy to 19. guidance /adns/ n. 指导；导航 拓展：guidance n. 指导;引导guide v. 指导;带领; n. 导游;指南20. discouraged /dskrdd/ adj. 灰心的 (12) 拓展：discourage vt. 使灰心;劝阻discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心的discouragement n. 气馁,失望【反】encourage

17、 vt. 鼓励encouragement n. 鼓励courage n. 勇气Part 2：Reading词汇练习1. It was _（刚好） ten oclock at night. 2. In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit _（雪茄烟） in his mouth.3. Its an _（约定） made twenty years ago.The light showed a pale 4. face, with _（敏锐的） eyes, a square _（下巴） and a little white _（伤痕） n

18、ear his right _（眉毛）. 5. His _（围巾夹） was a large _（钻石）, oddly set. 6. The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to _（发财）.7. “Well, we kept in touch for a year or two, and then we _（失去联系）. I came a thousand miles to stand in this 8. doorway tonight, and its_（值得的） if my old partner

19、 turns up.About twenty minutes later, a tall man 9. in a long overcoat, with _（衣领） turned up to his ears, hurried toward him.10. “_（祝福） my heart!” cried the new arrival. “Well, well, well! Twenty years is a long time! How has the West treated you, old man?” “It has given me everything I asked it for

20、. Youve changed lots, Jimmy. I never thought you were tall by two or three_（英寸）.” 11. The two men walked up the street, _臂挽着臂）. 12. The man from the West was beginning to _(概述) the history of his career. 13. “As I _(疑有，觉得), youre not Jimmy Wells,” he said, impatiently with anger. “Twenty years is a

21、long time, but not long enough to change the shape of a mans nose.” 14. “Youve been _(被逮捕) for ten minutes, Silky Bob. Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and_( 给（某人）打电报) us. 15. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the _(罪犯)wanted in Chicago.

22、 _(不过，总之) I couldnt arrest you myself, so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job. JIMMY.” Grammar词汇练习16. What complicates the issue is the_(负担)of history.17. The_(主要的，核心的)activities of local authorities were reorganized.18. Riskily, hes decided to_(辞职)19. He regularly donates_(大量的)sums of money to

23、local charities.Integrated skill 词汇练习20. Naturally, we were very_（人感到失望的）.21. Not even their diehard supporters can_（假装）that this was a great game.22. The skin around her eyes was beginning to_（起皱纹）.Reading答案：1. barely; 2. cigar; 3. appointment; 4. keen,jaw; scar;eyebrow; 5. scarfpin, diamond 6. make fortune 7.lost contact 8. worthwhile 9. collar 10. Bless ; inches 11. arm in arm ; 12. outline; 13. suspected; 14. arrested; 15. criminal; Anyhow Grammar答案： 16. burden; 17. core; 18. resign; 19. substantial Integrated skill答案：20disappointed;21pretend;22wrinkle8