2019高考全程复习方略英语一轮复习课时作业：5-1 GREAT SCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时作业(二十一)必修5Unit 1Great scientists.阅读理解A(2018广西重点高中二模)People love cellphones, which is why nine ten Americans own one. But does heavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer? This question has caused controversy for many years. A new study in rats now augments those concerns. Its data linked longter

2、m, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain. The results have yet to be confirmed, the authors note.Indeed, although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer, it offers no clues to why such a link might exist, notes

3、 Jonathan Samet. He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Still, he calls the new studys findings “significant”. They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer, he says.Pho

4、ne signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves. This radio frequencyor RF radiation is a type known as nonionizing(非电离的). Unlike Xrays, nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends

5、 to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation, such as Xrays. But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm. In very large doses (量) this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage. But its not yet known what much lower RF levels might do, such as those from cellphone use. Five

6、 years ago, the World Health Organizations International Agency for Research on Cancer, or IARC, concluded that cellphone use “is possibly carcinogenic (致癌的)” .Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time. But notice that IARC was not certain. It said only that ph

7、one use might “possibly” cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。人们喜欢用手机，90%的美国人都有手机。那么，过度使用手机是否会有患癌的风险呢？一项新的研究给出了一些线索。【难句分析】Indeed, although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer, it offers no clues to w

8、hy such a link might exist, notes Jonathan Samet.分析：本句为复合句。although引导让步状语从句。why such a link might exist为why引导的宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。译文：Jonathan Samet指出，事实上，尽管在老鼠身上进行的研究发现手机辐射和癌症之间有联系，但却没有提供线索表明这种联系为什么可能存在。1Which of the following can replace the underlined word “augments” ?Afigures out Bputs outCrefers to Da

9、dds to答案与解析：D考查词义猜测。画线词前面提到过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断，再根据画线词后的“concerns”和“Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain”可知，现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。故画线词与adds to意义相近。2In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new stu

10、dy in rats is significant?AIt assists him with his teaching.BIt indicates a new research direction.CIt warns people to mind cellphone safety.DIt makes a breakthrough in cancer research.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer, he says”可知

11、，这项研究会促使科学家去查明手机辐射可能是怎样致癌的，也就是说它为科学家提供了一个新的研究方向。3What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AHow phone signals are delivered.BHow cellphones produce radiation.CFeatures of radiation from cellphones.DDifferences between ionizing and nonionizing radiation.答案与解析：C考查主旨要义。根据第三段的内容尤其是“nonionizing radiation does not

12、 deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation.”可知，本段主要讲的是手机辐射的特点，它是非电离的，其危害性远低于电离辐射。4What might be the theme of NTP scientists further research?AWhy cellphone use causes cancer.BWhether cellp

13、hone use really causes cancer.CWhat health effects cellphone use has.DHow much exposure to cellphone radiation is safe.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It said only that phone use might possibly cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further”可知，NTP的科学家进一步研究的主题可能是手

14、机使用是否真的会导致癌症。B(2018济南模拟)A European Union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time. It uses threedimensional (3D) printing to recreate famous paintings so they can be touched.One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimts “The Kiss”. It is a popula

15、r attraction at the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, Austria. The painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers. They are wearing gold robes and have their arms around each other. The man leans down to kiss the woman. Klimt finished the painting in 1908. Until now, people who h

16、ad trouble seeing could not appreciate the artwork. But thanks to the reproduction they can touch the piece and feel the ridges and depressions. Andreas Reichinger started making 3D versions of artwork in 2010. He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couples robes are so

17、 detailed. Dominika Raditsch is a blind museum visitor. She touched the reproduction. As she moved her hands around it she said，“Exactly, can you see these? There are so many details.”Raditsch said she could imagine what the original painting looks like when she touched the reproduction. “Its someho

18、w round.You can feel it.You can feel it.It comes with it.And in many places its so smooth.And then I think to myself: it probably shines too！”Raditsch said.The Belvedere is not the only museum to have 3D versions of its artwork. Some of the pieces at the Prado Museum, in Madrid, Spain have reproduct

19、ions that can be touched. But the piece in Vienna has one special part: it is made with widely available 3D printing technology. That means one day, blind art fans anywhere in the world could download the source files and print the reproductions themselves.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了欧盟的一个项目使用3D打印技术重现名画，让它们

20、可以被视障人士触摸到。5What is“The Kiss” ?AA European Union project.BA popular painting.CA 3D technology.DA famous museum.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。从文章第二段的“One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimts The Kiss. It is a popular attraction”可知，(吻)是一幅深受欢迎的画作。故选B项。6Why did Reichinger say this reproduction was

21、difficult to finish?AThe painting was reproduced detailedly.BThe original artwork was made in 1908.CBlind art fans cant download the source.DThe 3D technology is not available.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。从文章第三段的最后一句“He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couples robes are so detailed

22、”可知，Andreas Reichinger 说吻是最难完成的作品，因为那对恋人的长袍细节很多。故选A项。B项“原画作制作于1908年”和C项“视障的艺术粉丝们不能下载资源”与该题的要求不符；D项错在“not available”，与文章第三段中的“started making 3D versions of artwork in 2010”不符。7How did Raditsch feel when she first touched the reproduction?AAwkward. BPuzzled.CExcited. DNervous.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。从文章第四段中的“Yo

23、u can feel it. You can feel it”可以推测出Raditsch“激动的”心情。故选C项。8What is the best title for the text?A. A European Union Program for Museum VisitorsB3D Printing Lets the Blind Experience Famous PaintingsCHow to Reproduce the Worldfamous PaintingsDA Special Museum for Art Fans in Vienna，Austria答案与解析：D考查标题判断

24、。从文章第一段的内容可以看出，用3D打印技术让视障人士体验名画是文章的中心，下文是围绕该话题展开介绍的。故选B项。A项错在“Museum Visitors”太宽泛；C项“如何复制世界名画”只是文章的一部分，不全面；D项没有突出“3D printing”和“blind fans”，故排除。.完形填空(2018长春七校第一次联考)Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer. _1_ it was controlled through treatments, it reappea

25、red and _2_ the loss of his right eye. But after years of cheering for his favorite football team, Jake has _3_ the impossible dream. Hes now a part of the team, despite his total _4_， playing the game not based on sight but on _5_.Being a _6_ fan of the USC Trojans, one of Jakes last _7_ before he

26、lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame. His strong liking for the sport didnt go _8_ former USC coach Pete reached the boy, inviting him to meet the _9_.Inspired by those players, Jake hoped to be _10_ in his schools football team. At first he didnt think he would be of any real _11_，

27、 but when he heard peoples cheers for football players, his love for football strengthened. So Jake _12_ the coach, asking to join the team. The coach told him to _13_ the next season. So Jake spent his time practicing hard. _14_， he became a starter on the team in the next season. Having made his h

28、igh school football team, it didnt seem too _15_ to do the same in college. Coach Steve agreed that Jake _16_ the requirements of the team. So Jakes dream came true. _17_ football, Jake is also a motivational speaker. “I went into football with the thought that I had nothing to _18_ ，” Jake said, “I

29、 really had no fear. Going through _19_ in life does make you stronger. Lifes unfair, but its _20_ me not to give up and keep fighting.” 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Jake Olson双目失明，但这并没有阻止他对运动的热爱。他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且他还是一位励志演讲人。1A.Unless BThoughCOnly if DNow that答案与解析：B根据下文的“it was controlled through treatments, it r

30、eappeared.”可知，此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导致(led to) Jake Olson失去了他的右眼。主从句之间存在让步关系，故选Though。2A.backed off Bheld backCbroke down Dled to答案与解析：D参见上题解析。back off“退缩，退却”；hold back“抑制，阻止”；break down“出故障，崩溃。”3A.forgotten BquittedCrealized Dignored答案与解析：C但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦

31、。下文中的“Jakes dream came true”亦是提示。forget“忘记”；quit“放弃”；ignore“忽视”。4A.blindness BabsenceCdeafness Dinnocence答案与解析：A根据上文中的“lost his left eye”“the loss of his right eye”可知，此处指尽管Jake双目失明( blindness)，但他现在成了球队的一员。absence“缺席”；deafness“聋”。5A.ability BguessCfeel Dimagination答案与解析：C根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打

32、球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feel)。ability“能力”；guess“猜测”；imagination“想象”。6A.responsible BfaithfulCcareful Dtemporary答案与解析：B根据语境及上文的“years of cheering for his favorite football team”可知，此处指作为USC Trojans球队的忠实粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是观看球队在Notre Dame的比赛。responsible“负责任的”；faithful“忠实的”；careful“细心的”；temporary“临时的”。7A.

33、chances BpromisesCcourses Dwishes答案与解析：D参见上题解析。8A.unnoticed BunsolvedCunreported Dunlimited答案与解析：A根据下文的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy, inviting him to.”可知，此处指Jake对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。unnoticed“未被注意的，被忽视的”；unsolved“未解决的”；unreported“未报道的”；unlimited“无限制的，无条件的”。9A.leaders BplayersCfans Dcoaches答案与解析：B

34、根据语境及上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝以及想观看球队的比赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(players)见面。下文中的“Inspired by those players”是关键的提示信息。10A.occupied BinvolvedCtrapped Dabsorbed答案与解析：B受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能加入学校的橄榄球队。be involved in是固定搭配，意为“参与，参加”。be occupied in“忙于”；be trapped in“被困在”；be absorbed in“全神贯注于”。11A.interest BhopeCuse

35、 Dconcern答案与解析：C此处指尽管Jake想加入学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。12A.approached BappreciatedCrecognized Dgreeted答案与解析：A因此，Jake找了教练，请求加入球队。approach“靠近，接洽”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；recognize“认出，认可”。13A.pull through Bset outCleave off Dcome back答案与解析：D根据下文的“the next season. he became a starter on

36、the team in the next season”可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。pull through“痊愈，康复”；set out“动身踏上”；leave off“停止”；come back“回来，返回”。14A.Gradually BFinallyCRecently DAccidentally答案与解析：B所以Jake花时间刻苦练习，最后，在下个赛季，他成了球队的上场球员。gradually“逐渐地”；finally“最后，终于”；recently“最近”；accidentally“偶然地，意外地”。15A.difficult BaccessibleCattractiv

37、e Dnecessary答案与解析：A根据上文的“Having made his high school football team”可知，因为有了高中的球队经历，成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。difficult“困难的”；accessible“可接近的”；attractive“吸引人的”；necessary“必要的”。16A.refreshed BcompletedCsatisfied Dacquired答案与解析：C根据句中的“Coach Steve agreed”及下文中的“So Jakes dream came true”可知，此处指Steve觉得Jake达到了球队的要求，因此Ja

38、ke加入大学球队的梦想实现了。refresh“更新”；complete“完成”；satisfy“满足”；acquire“获得”。17A.Apart from BInstead ofCRegardless of DExcept for答案与解析：A根据下文的“Jake is also a motivational speaker”可知，除了打橄榄球之外，Jake 也是一位励志演讲人。apart from“除之外(还有)”；instead of“而不是”；regardless of“不管”；except for “除之外”。18A.share BloseCoffer Ddesire答案与解析：B根

39、据语境及下文的“I really had no fear”可知，此处指Jake起初是带着自己没有任何可失去(lose)的东西的想法开始打橄榄球的。19A.failures BchallengesCcompetitions Dfears答案与解析：BJake身有残疾，所以要面对许多生活中的挑战(challenges)，而这也使他变得更加坚强。failure“失败”；competition“竞争”；fear“恐惧”。20A.warned BbeggedCconvinced Dtaught答案与解析：D根据上文内容可知，此处指的是生活是不公平的，但它告诉Jake不要放弃，要坚持下去。warn“警告”；beg“乞求”；convince“说服”；teach“使明白”。