2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习 介词（含解析）.doc

1、介词重难点分析介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。一、介词从结构上分类一览表介词的分类简单介词只有单独一个词的介词：after, at, on, in, during, since, till/until等(时间介词)；across, over, through, past, near, to, above等(方位介词)；by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath,

2、 beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around等复合介词由两个单一词合成的介词：into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without等短语介词形容词、分词或副词+介词：according to, away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to等连词+介词：as for, as to, because of等介词+介词（又称双重介词）：

3、from among, from behind, from under, till after等介词+名词+介词：by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to等名词+介词：thanks to由其他词类转用分词concerning 关于，considering 鉴于，including 包括，regarding 关于形容词或副词like 像，near 接近，opposite 在对面，unlike 不像，round 围绕，next 和接邻连词than 比，but 除了之外名词despite 不管、不顾二、主

4、要介词的区别1. 表示时间的at, in, onat表示片刻的时间。如：at 8 a.m.。常用词组有：at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段时间。如：in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, i

5、n five days等。on指具体的或特定的日子。如：on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。2. 表示时间的for, since与fromfor后接时间段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。如：Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30年。since后接过去某一时间点，表示“自从以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如：We

6、 havent seen each other since 2005. 自从2005年以来，我们彼此没见过面。from“自起”，可与多种时态连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today. 我希望从今天早晨开始锻炼身体。3. 表示时间的in与afterin+时间段，一般用于将来时。如：We will be back in three days. 我们将在3天后回来。after+时间段，一般用于过去时。如：After two months, he returned. 两个月后，他回来了。注意：after+时间点，可用于过去时和将来时。如：After

7、seven, the rain began to fall. 七点后开始下雨。We will leave after lunch. 我们将在午饭后动身。4. 表示方位的in, on与toin表示“在内”。如：Beijing is in the north of China. 北京位于华北。on指“与接壤、在河/江畔”。如：North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。to指在境外某方向，只强调方向。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。5. 表示“在上”的on与inon只表示在某物的表面上。

8、如：There is a book on the piece of paper. 有一本书在这页纸上。There is a mark on your skirt. 你裙子上有一块斑。in表示占去某物的一部分。如：There is an interesting article in the newspaper. 报纸上有一篇有趣的文章。He dug a hole in the wall. 他在墙上挖了一个洞。6. 表示“穿过”的through, across与overthrough指从内部穿过；across则指表面上的横穿；over指从上方过去、跨越。如：The elephant cant go

9、 through the gate. 大象不能从门里穿过。I help the blind man across the road. 我帮助那位盲人过马路。He climbed over the wall. 他从墙上爬了过去。7. in the end, at the end of与by the end ofin the end意为“最后、终于”，与at last, finally同义。如：In the end they reached a safe place. 最后，他们终于到达了一个安全的地方。at the end of表示“在末尾、到尽头”，既可指时间或位置，也可指物体。如：At th

10、e end of the road stands a beautiful garden. 马路的尽头有一个漂亮的花园。They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. 他们决定在这个周末举行一个英语晚会。by the end of意为“到末为止”，只能指时间。常用于完成时，也用于将来时。如：By the end of the holiday, I had spent all my money. 到假期结束时，我已经花光了自己所有的钱。By the end of the week, you will have a c

11、lear idea of what your eating habits are. 到这周末你便会清楚自己的饮食习惯了。8. between与amongbetween一般表示两者之间。如：You are to sit between your father and me. 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中。注意：有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物，但如果强调两两相互间的关系，仍用between。如：Agreements were made betw

12、een the different countries. 不同国家之间达成了协议。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley. 他们不知道小麦、燕麦与大麦之间的区别。9. besides, but, except与except forbesides指“除了还有”，与in addition to/apart from/aside from同义。作连接副词时，意为“此外”。如：Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting b

13、esides Smith. 除了史密斯之外，还有两名外籍教师出席了会议。but作介词时，意为“除了(之外)”，常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything, no等词和其他疑问词后面。如：Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了傻瓜谁会做这样的事？except与except for都意为“除外”，两者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。except for后接的词同整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节。如：The office is open

14、every day except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，他的日记写得还不错。10. 表示用工具和手段的by, in与withby表用工具(by train/hand/land/e-mail)或手段(by reading)，其后的动词用动名词。如：by hand 手工 by this means 用这种方法with表用有形的工具或身体某些器官(with a pencil/our eyes)，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词修饰。如：They are

15、writing with chalk. 他们用粉笔写字。in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。如：in English 用英语 in a low voice 低声地；小声地11. as与likeas指身份、资格，意为“作为”。如：Let me speak to you as a father. (事实上是父亲)like意为“像一样”。如：Let me speak to you like a father. (事实上不是父亲)12. 表示“随着”的as与withas为连词，后接从句。如：As the day went on, the weather got worse. 随着日子

16、一天天过去，天气越来越糟了。with为介词，后接名词或代词等。如：With spring coming on, the weather gets warmer. 随着春天的到来，天气越来越暖和了。考点练透一、单句填空 用适当的介词填空。1. (1) _ the night of May 4th, my good friend left for Canada. (2) _ night you can see the stars in the sky.(3) _ a cold morning Marie was woken up by a loud noise.(4) _ the morning

17、she often has milk and some bread for breakfast.(5) _ the 1970s we had a hard time.2. (1) Kate is writing _ a friend of hers.(2) Kate is writing _ a piece of paper. (3) Kate is writing _ in blue ink.(4) Kate is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard.(5) Kate is writing a letter _ an old man wh

18、o cant write.3. (1) We all passed the exam _ the end.(2) We had finished learning five books _ the end of last term.(3) We will hold a party _ the end of this term.4. (1) The apples _ the tree are ripe.(2) The birds _ the tree are singing merrily. (3) There is a map of China _ the back wall.(4) Ther

19、e is a small hole _ the wall.5. (1) China lies _ the west of Japan.(2) Canada lies _ the north of USA.(3) Canada lies _ the north of North America.6. (1) He can do everything _ cooking. (2) He can speak two other languages _ English. (3) He did nothing _ watched TV all day.(4) The road was empty _ s

20、everal cars at that time.7. (1) The man tried to walk _ the big rock.(2) The man walked _ the road and got on a bus.(3) The man saw some beautiful birds when walking _ the woods.8. (1) There is no secret _ you and me.(2) You are the tallest _ my friends.(3) There is a break _ classes. 9. (1) _ time

21、passed, things seemed to get worse.(2) _ time going by, he knows more and more.10. (1) He will leave for Korea _ three days.(2) He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.(3) He will be back _ 3 p.m.(4) He has lived in Paris _ three years ago.(5) It kept raining heavily _ Monday _ Wednesday.二、语篇填空

22、 在括号内填入适当的介词。It was so nice an afternoon that I decided to go for a little walk 1 my new boots the ones I had seen advertised on TV 2 “the worlds best boots”. Well, 3 theory, yes, they were very comfortable boots but I soon found that in fact they gave me blisters. In general I do enjoy walking, but

23、 at that moment all I wanted was rest and refreshment, in other words, I needed to sit down, have a drink and go home 4 the bus. The last bus home was in half an hour and I was far 5 the bus stop so I would have to get there 6 a hurry. At last I got to the bus stop just in time 7 a drink at the pub

24、before the bus came. I limped to the bus stop in the hope 8 getting on. But I was out of luck because the bus was full up not even standing room! I knew I would never make it home on foot and I was 9 the point of returning to the pub to drown my sorrows when another bus came round the corner, comple

25、tely empty. I got on, sat by myself at the back and started to feel 10 peace with the world again as I took off my boots!三、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。With the rise of human civilization about 8,000 years ago and especially 1 the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1700s, human beings began t

26、o alter (改变) the surface, water, and atmosphere of the Earth. In doing so, 2 have become active geological agents, not unlike other forces of change that influence the planet. As a result, Earths immediate future depends, 3 a great extent, on the 4 (behave) of human beings. For example, 5 widespread

27、 use of fossil fuels is releasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and 6 (threat) to warm the planets surface. This global warming could melt glaciers and the polar ice caps, 7 could flood coastlines around the world and many island nations. In effect, the carbon dioxide

28、 that 8 (remove) from Earths early atmosphere by the oceans and by primitive plant and animal life, 9 subsequently (随后) buried as fossilized remains in sedimentary rock, is being released back into the atmosphere and is threatening the 10 (exist) of living things.助读词汇coastline n. 海岸线 primitive adj.

29、原始的 fossilized adj. 石化的 rise n. 出现 atmosphere n. 大气层 release vt. 释放 glacier n. 冰川 the Industrial Revolution 工业革命 fossil fuel 化石燃料 polar ice cap 极地冰帽 sedimentary rock 沉积岩 active geological agents 积极的地质作用者参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. On; At; On; In; In 2. to; on; in; with; for 3. in; by; at 4. on; in; on; in 5. t

30、o; on; in 6. except; besides; but; except for 7. over; across; through 8. between; among; between 9. As; With 10. in; after; at; since; from; to二、语篇填空1. in 2. as 3. in 4. on 5. from 6. in 7. for 8. of 9. on 10. at三、语法填空本短文主要告诉我们全球变暖的起因以及全球变暖将会给地球带来的影响。1. since 此处since为介词，意为“自从依赖”，符合句意。2. they 缺少主语填代

31、词，they在此指代前面的human beings。3. to 习惯搭配，to a great extent意为“在很大程度上”。4. behavior 作介词宾语用名词名师。5. the 此处特指widespread use of fossil fuels。6. threatens 分析句子成分可知，此空作谓语和前面的is releasing构成并列谓语，故填动词，主语是use，要用第三人称单数。7. which 非限定性定语从句，which在此指代前面This global warming could melt glaciers and the polar ice caps整个情况。8.

32、was removed 根据此空所在整个句子的成分可知，that 8 (remove) from Earths early atmosphere by the oceans and by primitive plant and animal life, 9 subsequently buried as fossilized是定语从句，修饰先行词the carbon dioxide。再根据此空后的from Earths early atmosphere by可知用一般过去式被动语态。9. and 根据句子成分可知，(was) buried as fossilized与was removed from Earths early atmosphere by the oceans and by primitive plant and animal life是两个并列成分，且表“联合”关系，故填and合适。10. existence 作宾语用名词形式。