2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习 情态动词（含解析）.doc

1、情态动词重难点分析情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的观点和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独充当谓语，必须与其他动词连用。注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。一、情态动词基本用法一览表情态动词用法例句注意事项cancould表许可(和may可互换)、能力；表怀疑、猜测、可能性(用于否定和疑问句中)，could可表比can更委婉的语气及用于虚拟语气You can/may sit here. He cant be sixty. Could you come again tomorrow?can和be able to都可表能力，但be able to可表“某事终于成功”，有时态

2、的变化maymight表许可(问句中表请求，might更委婉)；表可能、或许、猜测(might语气更加不肯定)；表祝愿(用于倒装句中)May/Might I use your bike?He may/might be at home.May you succeed!对Maydo?的否定回答用mustnt/cant对May/Mightdo?的否定回答用cant/might notmust表必须、应该(表主观要求)；表推测(用于肯定句)，意为“准是、一定”You must study hard. She must be tired. 否定式mustnt表“不准、禁止”；对Mustdo?的否定回答用

3、neednt/dont/doesnt have to(不必)have to只好，不得不(客观的必须)，口语中也可用have/has got toWithout help, I had to do it myself. have to有时态和人称的变化ought to应当(表示义务或责任，口语中多用should)You ought to obey laws. 否定式oughtnt；疑问句用Oughtto do?shall用于一、三人称的疑问句，表征询意见；用于二、三人称，表示许诺、命令、警告或表示说话人的决心等Shall we go now?The sigh there reads, “No p

4、erson shall smoke here.”should表建议或劝告，意为“应该”、本该(含有责备意味) You should learn from each other.You should have given him help.willwould表意志或决心；疑问句中用于第二人称表请求(would比较委婉)He promised he would never smoke again. Will/Would you like some tea?would表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在；used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯dare敢(常用语否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中)H

5、e dare not/darent sleep alone.Dare you touch it?过去式dared；可作实义动词need需要、必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)You neednt do the work now.Needdo?的肯定回答：Yes,must；可作实义动词used to过去常常(现在已不再)He used to play football.否定式usednt/usent to do/ used not to do/didnt use to do；疑问Usedto do? Diduse to do?二、“情态动词+be doing”和“情态动词+have done”用法一

6、览表句式说明例句can + be doingcan + have done表示“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句(could也有此用法，只是语气更委婉)He cant be telling lies. 他不可能在说谎。He cant have told lies. 他不可能说了谎话。could + have done指过去没实现的动作，表“本来可以”Its too late. You could have told him earlier. 太迟了，你本来能早点告诉他的。may + be doingmay + have done表示“可能、也许”，用于肯定句He may be doing homew

7、ork. 他也许在做作业。He may have missed the train. 他可能错过了火车。must + be doing肯定句，表示“一定在干某事”The light is on. He must be working. 灯亮着，他一定在工作。must + have done肯定句，表示“准是干了某事”，对过去事情的肯定猜测He is sad. He must have failed the exam. 他很伤心，准是考试不及格。neednt + have done“本来不必做”，用于否定句You neednt have lent the book to him. He has

8、bought it already. 你本来不必把这本书借给他，他已经买了一本。should/ought to + have done肯定句表示“本应该做而实际没做”；否定句表示“不应该做而实际却做了”I should have bought it. 我应该把它买下来的。You shouldnt have scolded him. 你不应该责骂他的。考点练透一、单句填空 用情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空。1. I should have been there, but I _ find the time.2. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she is

9、nt quite sure yet. 3. Tom, you _ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!4. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.5. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 6. Lucy doesnt mind lending you her d

10、ictionary. She _. I have already borrowed one.7. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?8. _ this book be yours? No, it _ be mine. It _ he his.9. As a girl, she _ get up at six every day.10. _ he to clean the classroom after school?11. You _ be tired after the long trip, ar

11、ent you?12. Whats the name? Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?13. You _ (see) the film, havent you?14. You _ (talk) on the phone at that time, for I couldnt get through.15. They _ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reasons.16. _ you pass the College Entrance Ex

12、amination!17. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _ (not tell) it to him.18. I did not call to make any airline reservation but I _.19. The light is out. They _ (not work) now.20. My cat is really fat. You _ (not give) her so much food.二、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many stu

13、dents want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick answer 1 this question. At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 American became 2 independent country. After that, the language 3

14、(slow) began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, 4 the language in England changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, 5 Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the

15、 expression “I guess”(meaning “I think”), just 6 the British did 300 years ago.At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, 7 (end) up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado

16、” from Spanish.The differences are 8 (great) in the spoken language. For example, Americans say dance /dns/, and in southern England people say /d:ns/. In America 9 pronounce not /n:t/; in southern England they say /nt/. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficu

17、lty in 10 (understand) each other助读词汇independent adj. 独立的 pronounce vt. 发音come about 产生 after that 之后in the same way 同样；以同样的方式 have difficulty in 在某方面有困难参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. couldnt 2. may 3. must 4. should 5. shall 6. neednt 7. Must 8. Can; cant; must 9. would 10. Ought 11. must 12. Shall 13. must have

18、 seen 14. must be talking 15. must have missed 16. May 17. neednt have told 18. should have 19. cant be working 20. shouldnt have given二、语法填空本文主要介绍英国英语和美国英语之间的差异。1. to 常用搭配，answer to the question(问题的答案)。类似还有key to the door(门的钥匙)。2. an 不定冠词的基本用法，an在此意为“一个(独立的国家)”。空后independent以元音音素开头，故填an。3. slowly 副

19、词修饰动词。4. while 这里是两种语言的对比，用转折连词while。(两者对比常用并列连词while)5. but 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据两句间的逻辑关系可知此处存在一个转折关系，故填but。6. as 根据句意可知，此处是指“正如300年前不列颠人使用的一样”。just as在此意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句。7. ending 分析句子成分可知，动词end在此作非谓语。end在此与逻辑主语British English and American English是主动关系，故填ending作结果状语。8. greater 这是一个隐性比较级。句意：在口语方面的不同之处就更大了。9. they 缺少主语填代词，they在此指代前面的Americans。10. understanding 介词后的动词需用动名词形式。