广东省深圳市某发展有限公司2015届高考英语二轮（精华版）复习课件：完形填空--高效解题密招PPT.ppt

1、根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题研究，我们归纳了一些实用的解题方法。所有例证尽可能采用广东高考真题，但因20112014年的高考题已在“高考真题研练”中出现了，此处不再重复。(一)上下求索寻信息因为答案信息点有的在空格前，有的在空格后，有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合考虑或相互印证。有时，还要根据上、下文提供的信息，结合常识，进行适当的逻辑推理，才可得出正确答案。不管题目有多难，都一定能在上下文中找到线索。例1 The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors,27 who were ge

2、tting off the bus should get off first，and students who were getting on should get on 28 .(2010广东)27.A.parents B.students C.teachers D.drivers28.A.sooner B.later C.faster D.earlier解析：27题的答案信息点在空格后的and students who中，关键词是students，故选B。28题的答案信息点在空格前，关键词是first，与first相对应是later，故选B。例2One afternoon，I was ou

3、t exploringand saw a new kind of cactus(仙人掌).I crouched(蹲)down for a closer look.“Youd better not 47 that.”I turned around to see an old woman “Would you like to come to my home tomorrow?Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.”(湖南)A.break B.pick C.pull D.touch解析：此题若不读到文章最

4、后一句的最后一个单词，很难确定填touch，选D。（二）左顾右盼找搭配例3On April 12，1888，Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and(2009广东)A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judged解析：四个选项中，能与后面for搭配的，只有mistook，即mistake A for B(误以为A是B)，故选C。例4Nobel arranged in his will to give the larg

5、est part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who(2009广东)A.establish B.form C.develop D.promote解析：根据动宾搭配，在四个选项中，能与名词the Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖)搭配的，只有establish(设立)，即“设立诺贝尔奖”，故选A。用他的大部分钱去“构成/开发/促进”诺贝尔奖，是讲不通的。（三）思前想后通全文有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入空格中都不错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就

6、只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中讲得通，而且要在全文中也讲得通，即贯通全文。例5Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributi

7、ons解析：若单独看空格处，选项B、C、D都可以填，make great sacrifices“作出巨大牺牲”，make great changes“发生巨大变化”,make great contributions“作出巨大贡献”；从文章内容或常识来看，诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业“作出过巨大贡献”的人，故只能选D。例6Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining，construction,and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸药)the art

8、icle read.“Dr.Alfred Nobel，who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.”Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money toA.famous B.sick C.rich D.popular解析：若单独看空前的became，填四个选项都没有语法错误,但是由前文中的became a millionaire和后文give the largest part of

9、 his money可知,rich为最佳答案，故选C。(一)通读全文，理解大意重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解短文大意，这是解题的基础。这一步非常重要，万万不可忽视。(二)瞻前顾后，初选答案在理解短文大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，与前后词语的习惯搭配，特别是上下文的意义衔接等，初选答案。可以先解决那些自己有把握的问题，对少数难题，暂时跳过，在上文中难以判断的题或许在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了，一个在前面不能解答的题或许在填出了另一空后考生就会豁然开朗。(三)复读全文，解决残敌借助已经补全的空格，我们已对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决遗留的个别难题。(四)

10、再次复读，弥补疏漏全部做好后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。五种技巧(一)词语同现某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的可能性，叫词语同现，也有人称之为“词场”。如catch 和cold，ill 和doctor，big 和small等。一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题，与此相关的词就可能会共同出现，以实现语篇衔接。如2011年广东高考完形填空的短文，是围绕把优生从普通班里分出去会带来严重问题这一主题展开的，涉及这一主题的可能有“普通班”，“特殊班”，“优生”，“普通生”，以及学校、老师、学习等等，因此，special，gifted，intelligent，t

11、op，regular，average，school，classes，teachers，children，learning这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。了解词语同现，对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。例1(2014广东)According to a recent research,the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.A.interestB.argumentC.linkD.knowledge解析：能与untidiness

12、(凌乱)同现的只有argument(争吵)，都是负面的词，故选B。例2(2014广东)Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.A.reply B.attend C.attach D.talk解析:由but可知，要选与lend an ear to(=listen to倾听)相对的talk；talk(说)与lend an ear(听)是词语同现。例3 (2013广东)but the crow always left when s

13、he saw him coming.The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower.A.relax B.recover C.react D.return解析:由前面的the crow always left(离开)可想到第7空填return(返回)，因为leave与return是反义词同现。例4(2011广东)The argument has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual(智力的)growt

14、h by 2 situation that has designed for the average children.A.designing B.grouping C.learning D.living解析：与classes，children，intellectual同现的单词，很可能是learning，故选C。(二)词语复现词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现、上下义词复现(即总括与分述，如animal 是sheep，tiger,wolf的上义词；ro

15、se 是flower 的下义词)等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段，有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。例5(2014广东)The research,conducted by St.George University,shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems.However,some approaches are more successful than others.A.approaches B.contributions C.introductions D.attitudes解析：由下句的However,some

16、approaches提示，可知这里是指“不同的父母对待这些问题有不同的“方法”。approaches是原词复现，故选A。例6(2013广东)He took another man with him to the tower.One man left and the other stayed,but they did not 9 the bird.It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were finally able to fool the crow.A.fool B.hurt C.

17、catch D.kill解析：比较the bird与本段最后的fool the crow,可以确定选A。此处的bird就是指crow,是同一物，fool是原词复现。例7(2012广东)We all know that some things are obviously right.For example,Some things are 2 wrong,too.For instance,A.equally B.slightly C.clearly D.increasingly解析：将此句与前面的some things are obviously right对比，可知，选C。clearly与obv

18、iously是同义词复现。例8(2012广东)Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes.Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent 4 .A.accidents B mistakes C.falls D.deaths解析:将avoid crashes与prevent对比,可知选A。accidents(事故)与crashes(撞车

19、)是上下义复现。温馨提示我们说词语复现对解答完形填空非常有用，但并不意味着与文章中出现的词语复现的选项就是正确答案。我们必须明确，作者运用词语复现的手段，其目的是使语义衔接、语篇连贯。我们使用此技巧解题时，一定要注意上下文意义的关联或衔接，否则，就会出错。因为命题人有可能会设置一些与文中词语复现的错误选项，我们千万不要掉入陷阱。(三)逻辑推理根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案，逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。从七年来的广东高考完形填空题来看，在逻辑推断中，因果推断尤为重要，多数题是利用逻辑推断解答的。例9(2012广东)Rules h

20、elp us live together in harmony,because they show us the right way to 13 others.However,some people argue that rules may be 14 ,having observed that rules change all the time,and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones so who is to 15 what is right?13.A.follow B.instru

21、ct C.treat D.protect14.A.disgusting B.confusing C.unsafe D.unimportant15.A.predict B.explain C.decide D.consider解析：这三个小题均需用逻辑推断法来解答。第13题，由规章有助于我们“和睦相处”可以推断，规章告诉我们应如何“待”人，选C。第14题，由规章“总在变化(change)”和“学校不同规章也不同(different)”可以推断：规章可能是“令人困惑的”，故选B。第15题，既然“规章总在变”“不同学校的规章不同”,那么该由谁来“评判(decide)”什么是正确的呢？故选C。例10(

22、2011广东)In the regular class，having no worry about keeping up,they(intelligent children)began to reflect 9 on many problems，some of which were not on the school program.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarily D.quickly解析：因为having no worry about keeping up(因为不担心跟不上)，所以“自动地(voluntarily)”考虑许多问题，因果推断，选C。(现在分词短

23、语表示原因)例11(2011广东)Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning.A.doubtedB.boredC.worriedD.tired解析:由与之并列的lose interest，可知是become bored。也可这样理解，因为厌烦了，所以才失去兴趣，故选B。(此处的and表示结果，前面是原因)例12(2008广东)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has change

24、d so much that it is almost 24 to the parents.A.uncomfortableB.unbelievableC.unacceptable D.unrecognizable解析：因changed so much，结果父母“认不出来”了，故选D。(that 引导结果状语从句)(四)背景常识将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。例13(2014广东)On the one hand,parents

25、 go mad over messy rooms,clothes thrown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the 4 .A.homeworkB.houseworkC.problem D.research解析：由常识可知，上文提到的收拾房间之类的事，是housework(家务活)。例14(2010广东)In South Korea,we do not need to wait for people to get off.One morning,I hurried to the bus,and when the bu

26、s doors opened,I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door.A.politelyB.patientlyC.unconsciouslyD.slowly解析：由前文可知，因在韩国不必等别人下了车再上，作者当时是初来美国的韩国人，在韩国土生土长，由常识可知，作者早已习惯不等别人先下了再上车，所以看到校车将门打开后，就“无意识地，不知不觉地”上车了。故选C。例15(2008广东).the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great 29

27、to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.A.additions B.sacrificesC.changes D.contributions解析：根据常识，奖金应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业作出过巨大贡献的人，故选D，make contributions to对作出贡献。例16(2010广东)All the students around looked at me,I was totally 30,and my face went red.A.embarrassedB.annoyedC.unsatisfiedD.excit

28、ed解析：根据常识，周围所有的人都看着作者，作者一定会“感到尴尬”，故选A。(五)前后搭配主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。广东高考完形填空中主要考查动宾搭配。能不能搭配，除涉及词语的用法外，还需结合常识来判断。例17 (2009广东)On April 12,1888,Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and.A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judged解析：根据动介搭配，能与后面的介词for搭配的，

29、只有mistook，故选C。(注：这类题是极少考查的，八年来仅此一题)例18(2009广东).Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes,.A.establishB.formC.developD.promote解析：根据动宾搭配，应是“设立诺贝尔奖”，即establish the Nobel prizes，故选A。此外，当选项是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语时，就要求我们正确判断上下文的逻辑关系，如递进关系、对比关系等，从而选择恰当的选项。例19Yo

30、u are near the front line of a battle.Around you shells are exploding;people are shooting from a house behind you.What are you doing there?You arent a soldier.You arent 36 carrying a gun.Youre standing in front ofA.simply B.really C.merely D.even解析：第36空这句话与前句是递进关系，“你不是士兵，甚至连(even)枪也没有”,故选D。例20(2013广

31、东)A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that has a nest in a tower,but the crow always leftHe took another man with him to the towerbut they did not fool the birdThe experiment was repeated with three men,and then four men.But the crow did not return to the nest It was not until five men wen

32、t into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.A.gradually B.luckily C.strangelyD.finally解析：前面已分别由一个人、二个人、三个人、四个人重复做了四次，都没有欺骗到乌鸦，直到五个人进了塔，只走了四个，即还有一个在塔里，他们才“终于(finally)”欺骗了这只乌鸦，故选D。例21(2013广东)Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat

33、 animals,but others argue that they can eat meat and 10 be kind to animalsA.still B.even C.later D.somehow解析:由but可知，前后两个内容，即“吃动物是残忍的”与“吃动物依然会善待动物”，故选A。以上五个技巧对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率非常有用，同学们务必领会掌握，并学会灵活运用。有的题既可以用这种技巧解答，又可用那种技巧来解答，也有的可能要结合两种或多种技巧才能解答。其中，词语复现、词语同现和逻辑推断是完形填空的最重要的三大解题策略。但是，所有的方法或技巧都是建立在扎实的基本功的基础之上的，如果词汇不过关，句子理不顺，语篇意义不理解，任何方法或技巧都将无济于事。