2019高考英语一轮优练题Unit5Thepowerofnature含解析新人教版选修6.doc

1、The power of nature李仕才(选修6Unit 5)【短文语法填空】As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 1 (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is committed to 2 (keep) the art of sugar painting alive.Li worked as a mi

2、ner for more than ten years. After 3 mine closed down, Li turned 4 housing decoration, until he 5 (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he stu

3、died by 6 (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a 7 (vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8 (melt) brown or

4、white sugar. Craftsman 9 (normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖浆). When the sugar cools down, 10 appears is a piece of sugar art.【文章大意】本文是记叙文，讲述38岁的李健忠回到老家继承中国传统文化，学习制作糖画的故事，文章还说明了糖画的制作。1.distant【解析】考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词memory，形容词修饰名词作定语，故填distant。2.keeping3.the【解析】考査冠词。上文提到他做

5、过十多年矿工，故此处表示他所在的矿井关闭以后，为特指，故填the。4.to【解析】考查介词。句意：他转而去做房屋装修的工作了。 turn to“转而做，转向”是固定词组。故填 to。5.was forced【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：直到他因为手指受伤而被迫放弃。此处讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，句子的主语和force之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语和是第三人称单数。故填was forced。6.himself【解析】考查代词。句意：由于他的村子里没有糖画手艺人，因此他自学制作糖画。by oneself固定用法，表示“独自地，全靠自己地”，故填himself。7.variety【

6、解析】考查词性转换。句意：他很快掌握了这项技术并能制作出各种各样的糖画。a variety of“各种各样”是固定短语，故填variety。8.melted 9.normally【解析】考查词性转换。句意：手艺人们通常用糖浆在石板上画动物和花。修饰谓语动词用副词作状语，故填normally。10.what【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“所的东西”，what引导主语从句，作主语、宾语或者表语。故填what。.阅读理解(2016合肥第一次质检)ABlue whales are the largest animals ever known to ha

7、ve existed on the planet,and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330,000 pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended i

8、n 1965.The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores,suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern betwe

9、en the coasts.Before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s,blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the 1960s,whaling severely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the North Pacific,making sightings in this a

10、rea rare.However,much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s.The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in the North Pacific waters.But the current study shows that whales o

11、ff the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the west coast of the Un

12、ited States and Southern Pacific.Up to now,the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns,but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.1.According to the passage,blue whales are .A.follow

13、ing a fixed route of migrationB.dying out due to commercial whalingC.moving from the south to the northD.rarely found in the Southern Pacific2.The whale population in the North Pacific .A.is different from the California populationB.is probably part of the California populationC.has become the large

14、st group since the 1970sD.has lived there since the 1960s3.The underlined word “cetaceans” in Paragraph 5 probably means .A.land creaturesB.whale speciesC.ocean conditionsD.migration patterns4.What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers?A.Commercial whaling.B.Weather conditions.

15、C.Life reproduction.D.Food resources.B(2016山西考前质检)Some fish seem to be capable of adapting rapidly to climate change.In fact,they might even boom in the warmer oceans of the future,growing bigger and healthier than they can at present-day temperatures.Evidence gathered over the past decades has sugg

16、ested that climate change will force fish to migrate to cooler waters,or else face extinction.Signs of such migration have already been seen.But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.Earlier this month,Philip Munday of James Cook Universit

17、y,and his colleagues showed that one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.Yet there are questions over the potential cost of such an adaptation.The fishs ability to swim seems to be unchanged,but as Munday noted,“Maybe well see trade-offs with growth rates.There

18、 are no free lunch in this world.”Donelson from Sydney raised several groups of maroon clownfish(小丑鱼),which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.She kept one group at temperatures representing present-day conditions on the Great Barrier Reef,from where the parents of the fish were collect

19、ed.In addition,she kept another group at 1.5 warmer and a third group at 3 warmer,representing the ocean temperature rise expected by the end of the century.After a year of growing,the fish adapted to the warmer temperatures,upping their aerobic metabolism(有氧代谢),which seemed to contribute to other b

20、enefits:those raised at temperatures 3 warmer grew 8 percent larger and 29 percent heavier than fish raised at lower temperatures.Donelson says that it is hard to make predictions about how different species will cope with climate change.“But at least it wont be all negative news for all species,”sh

21、e says.5.The main idea of the first paragraph is that .A.some fish can adjust to warmer watersB.some fish can grow bigger at present-day temperaturesC.some fish may die out in cooler watersD.big fish can survive the temperature change6.One specific kind of fish adjusts to the changed surroundings by

22、 .A.switching their genes on and offB.growing quicklyC.training their ability to swimD.living in a group7.From Donelsons experiment,we know .A.the clownfish she raised are from the Great Barrier ReefB.she raised the fish in two different temperature conditionsC.after a years growing,the fish failed

23、to adjust to warmer temperaturesD.the fish raised in the warmest water grow largest and heaviest8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Different species will deal with climate change in the same way.B.Climate change has a positive effect on all the species.C.Fish is not the only species th

24、at can meet the challenge of climate change.D.Species which can adapt to climate change would survive.CKanda really doesnt like to walk alone.The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that hed rather driveeven though he lives close to his lab and kn

25、ows that walking is healthy.“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，” Kanda said.“But they are not always available.”So Kanda，who specializes in humanlike bots，developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motiv

26、ate people to get out and exercise more.The bot rests on a persons shoulder like a boxy parrot.It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high，and is 3.5 inches wide and 10 inches long.A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to communicate.Its even equipped with a

27、smile.Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations，including a garden and a shopping mall，and created a dataset of small talk topics related to each location.Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics.A special speech software provided the robot

28、with a voice.Near a group of parked cars，for example，it might say，“In a big parking lot，sometimes I forget where I parked.”They tested the robot on 15 volunteers,10 males and 5 females，who were paid and averaged about 26 years old.“Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion(蒲公英)seeds into the air？” The

29、 robot asked a participant，who smiled and responded，“Yes, I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robots weight，Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny.“I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said.Just like a human partner，

30、Kandas bot isnt perfect.Its not able to go for walks in heavy rain and，while the robot can make expressions，it cant really hold a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried.Despite its limits，Kanda was comforted by the bots presence.“I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，”he said，“particu

31、larly when it spoke.”1Why does Kanda have the idea of developing a robotic walking partner?ABecause he wants someone to accompany him while walking.BBecause he has never developed a robot like a parrot.CBecause his family are unwilling to walk with him.DBecause he is crazy about developing robots.2W

32、hat characteristic does the robot have?AIt can “speak” and “see”BIt can walk like a human being.CIt can communicate with people freely.DIt is much more humorous than a real person.3What is necessary for the robot to function?AA small size. BA boxy shape.CA human partner. DA speech software.4What is

33、Kanda most likely to do about his robot next?ATo make it more convenient to carry.BTo improve its conversational skills.CTo enable it to walk in heavy rain.DTo better its sound system.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人散步的机器人。【难句分析】So Kanda, who specializes in humanlike bots, developed a robotic walking partner tha

34、t could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out.and exercise more.分析：本句是一个复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Kanda; that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a robotic walking partner；which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面的整个分句。译文：因此专门研究类人机器人的Kanda发明了一个可以陪人们散步的机器人，这个机器人能够基于周围的环境和人闲

35、谈，他希望这样可以激发人们走出去，多锻炼。1A考查细节理解。根据第一段的“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter， Kanda said.But they are not always available.”可知，Kanda发明陪人散步的机器人的原因是想找个人在他散步时陪他，故选A。2A考查推理判断。根据第二段倒数第二句“A microphone，a speaker, and an internal camera allow it to communicate”以及第三段的“Then they progra

36、mmed.with a voice”可推知，这种机器人可以说话还可以看，故选A。10D考查细节理解。根据第二段倒数第二句“A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to communicate”和第三段的“Then they programmed.A special speech software provided the robot with a voice”可知，这种机器人是要配备麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特殊的语音软件的，故选D。3B考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句的“it cant really hold a co

37、nversation, about which Kanda is most worried”并结合全文的内容可推知，接下来Kanda将要改善的是机器人的交流技能，故选B。.七选五阅读(2016郑州第一次质检)Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments.Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology(心理学).Before beginning a study,however,any scientist who

38、 wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method.1Form a hypothesis(假设).It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study.2 Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.Plan out a study.Planning out the experimen

39、t is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time,materials,and testing areas prepared beforehand.This step also helps the scientists to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research.The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research.3 De

40、scriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data.Collect data.4 If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are

41、lost.Analyze the data.Once all the data has been collected and organized,it must be analyzed.Using previous research or scientific information about the problem,the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.Publish the information learned.The final step of the scientific method in psychology is

42、publishing the results of the study.5 Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals.A.It is based on scientific facts,not just opinions.B.Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology.C.Before psychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps

43、.D.This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information.E.The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research.F.To fully understand the study,each part of the experiment must be recorded.G.Sometimes,however,this is impossible and descriptive research will

44、 have to be used.短文改错I stare from the window of my hotel room.A older gentleman was helping a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that evening.I watched as the same young girl continued to get up from the table and reach for her walker.She grasped it firm

45、ly with both hand,leaning heavy.She made her way out of the restaurant,smile.As I drank me coffee in the hall the next morning,I noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustnt be what the walking lessons were all about.考点规范练(选修6Unit 5).【解题导语】本文为说明文。文章主要讲的是蓝鲸的迁移以及有可能引起迁移的原因。

46、1.C推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“.the whales may be following their food moving farther north.”可推出,蓝鲸正从南向北移动。故选C项。2.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.”可知,选B项。3.B词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“To identify t

47、he blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean.”可知,为了辨认蓝鲸,研究者看在北太平洋拍的有关cetaceans的照片,所以cetaceans应该指的是鲸类。故选B项。4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“.but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north.”可知,研究者怀疑蓝鲸有可能跟随着它们的食物向北移动。故选D项。【解题导语】本文为说明文

48、。文章向我们介绍了有些鱼能够适应气候的改变。而且最近的研究表明,一些鱼将来会适应更温暖的水域,但鱼类并不是唯一可以适应气候变化的物种。5.A段落大意题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.”可知,最近的研究表明一些鱼将来会适应更温暖的水域,故选A项。6.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and of

49、f some of its genes.”可知,这种鱼通过改变基因来适应周围环境的改变,故选A项。7.D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“.which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.”可知A项错;根据第三段中的She kept one group和“.she kept another group.and a third group.”可知,她养了三组小丑鱼,B项错;根据第四段的内容可知,一年后,小丑鱼适应了更温暖的温度,并且在温度最高的水域里,小丑鱼长得最大最重,故C项错误,D项正确。8.C推理判断题。根据本段的大意可知,Don

50、elson说很难预测不同的物种如何应对气候变化,但对于所有的物种来说并不都是坏消息,由此可推知,鱼类不是唯一可以适应气候变化的物种,故选C项。.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要阐明了如何在心理学实验中使用科学的方法。1.B根据空前的the scientific method可知,选B项,用来指明如何在心理学实验中使用科学的方法。2.A根据本段第一句“Form a hypothesis.”以及空后的“Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.”可知,本段主要阐述了心理学实验的第一步:形

51、成一个假设,以科学事实而不仅仅是观点为根据。故A项正确。3.G空前的to always perform experimental research与G项中的this相对应;空后的Descriptive research与G选项中的descriptive research相对应,用以阐明描述性研究的特点,故G项正确。4.F根据空后的“If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.”和record the proceedings可以判断,空处阐述的是

52、将数据记录下来的重要性,故F项正确。5.D根据该段首句“Publish the information learned.”可知,该段主要阐述将实验得出的结论公开出版,故选D项,这有助于其他心理学家学习和使用新的信息。.I stare from the window of my hotel room.A older gentleman was helping a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that evening.I watched as the same yo

53、ung girl continued to get up from the table and reach for her walker.She grasped it firmly with both hand,leaning heavy.She made her way out of the restaurant,smile.As I drank me coffee in the hall the next morning,I noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustnt be what the walking lessons were all about.