2020高考英语课标二轮（天津专用）滚动题组23　阅读理解 阅读表达 书面表达 WORD版含解析.docx

1、滚动题组23阅读理解+阅读表达+书面表达(时间:60分钟总分:80分分数:)滚动题组第28页.阅读理解A(2019天津卷)How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work?What makes the populations of different species the way they are?Why are there so many flies and so few wolves?To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,noting who eats whom a

2、nd how much each one eats.With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species are strongly linked

3、;when a predator lives on various species,they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction(灭绝) of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another sp

4、ecies that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,the switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,where small changes of top predators can lead

5、 to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s,scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of

6、top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathem

7、atical models.Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key,scientists say,because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点),it is remarkably

8、difficult for them to return.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家们利用建立的食物网数学模型,发现了食物网运行的基本原则以及人类活动对于生态系统的影响。1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studyin

9、g the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“.scientistshavefoundout.infoodwebs.”得知科学家们发现了食物网运行的关键法则,即B项。2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator .A.has a wide food choiceB.can easily find new preyC.sticks

10、to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的“Whenapredator.arestronglylinked.”得出结论,只吃一种猎物是“stronglink”。3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirec

11、tly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.答案:D解析:推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Mathematicalmodels.entireecosystems.”可知“食物链顶端掠食动物的变化可能会给整个生态系统带来大的影响”。故选D项。4.What conclusion can be draw

12、n from the examples in Paragraph 4?A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句话可知“人类的这些行为极大地影响了

13、生态的平衡”。故选A项。5.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?A.By getting illegal practices under control.B.By stopping us from killing large predators.C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.答案:D解析

14、:推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句可知这个系统会告诉我们何时对把生态系统推向瘫痪的人类活动作出调整以及最后一句话中的“Preventioniskey”可知D项正确。BThere is a very special wolf that lives in Africa.They are actually called,the African wild dogs,or painted dogs.These animals live in open woodlands,or in the plains of Africa.Today,however,most of the animals can b

15、e found in eastern or southern Africa.These animals are beautiful.They have rounded ears instead of pointed like most dogs,and they have four toes on each of their four feet,also a unique characteristic because other dogs have five.Their fur is always different from each other.The fur is usually a c

16、ombination of black,brown,red and white,and sometimes even yellow.No wonder theyre called the painted dogs.The African wild dog is a very social animal.They live in groups and have numbers from five to about twenty.The members of a group are always very close to one another.They communicate in their

17、 own language or body language.When someone is very old or sick,the others will help,and they are willing to share the food with the elders and with those who are weak,which is what we should learn from.The family does everything together,from raising young,to sleeping together,to hunting.When they

18、hunt,they will work together using team work to kill animals that are larger than them.They sometimes hunt farm animals.This is unfortunate,because both poachers,and people who own farms shoot the painted dogs who are just trying to survive.Before,there used to be many large groups throughout the la

19、nd,but now the African wild dog is very rare.They are also losing their population because of their own loss of habitat thanks to humans farming and forest cutting.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非洲野狗的相关信息及其生存现状。6.From the passage we learn that the African wild dog .A.lives in the north of AfricaB.has sixteen t

20、oes altogetherC.has pointed ears like most dogsD.lives in forests in groups答案:B解析:推理判断题。根据第二段第一句内容可知,非洲野狗出没在开阔的林地或平原,故D项错误;根据第二段第二句可以推断出A项错误;根据第二段的“Theyhaveroundedearsinsteadofpointedlikemostdogs.”可知,C项错误;由第二段第四句可知,B项正确。7.Why do African wild dogs get the name “painted dogs”?A.They all have colorful

21、fur.B.The dogs in the same group are of different colors.C.Artists love to paint them in different colors.D.None of them has the same color.答案:A解析:细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知,非洲野狗之所以被称为“彩色狗”是因为它们的皮毛是彩色的,故A项正确。8.According to the author,what should we learn from African wild dogs?A.They always do everything toge

22、ther.B.They help the sick,the elderly and the weak.C.They are always very close to one another.D.They communicate in their own language.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,当有非洲野狗年老或生病的时候,其他的非洲野狗就会帮助它们,并且愿意与其分享食物,这一点是我们人类应该学习的。故选B项。9.Which of the following is NOT the reason why African wild dogs are becoming ve

23、ry rare?A.Poachers kill some of them.B.They are short of food sometimes.C.They are losing their habitat.D.Farmers shoot some of them.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知A、D两项是原因。根据最后一段“.becauseoftheirownlossofhabitat.”可知C项也是原因,只有B项文章没有提及,故选B项。10.Where could this passage probably be found?A.TheTravelers.B.Fashio

24、nWeekly.C.AnimalWorld.D.StarMagazine.答案:C解析:文章出处题。本文介绍了非洲野狗这种动物,最有可能是在动物世界里出现,故选C项。CA scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physica

25、l world,and the baby is,well,just playing.right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it

26、 falls to the groundand,in the process,it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air,but require support to remain stable.It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe;nor are they ever clearly taught

27、it.Instead,babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact.Though their ranges and tools differ,the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn a

28、bout the natural world),overall approach(gathering direct evidence from the world),and logic(are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this waythat they investigate human psychology and the rules of language

29、using similar means.For example,it may only be through repeated experiments,evidence gathering,and finally overturning a theory,that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has,for example,unlike the child,Mommy actually doesnt l

30、ike Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike?Psychologists have suggested that science as an effortthe des

31、ire to explore,explain,and understand our worldis simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitiv

32、e(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it,“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。科学家在实验室做实验和婴幼儿摆弄自己的饭碗有共同之处吗?也许你想象不到,但是发展心理学家指出这两种行

33、为同样都是科学调研。文章通过实例论述了孩子通过玩耍认识到物体的相互作用,认识到人类心理以及语言使用规则。最后,心理学家揭示了科学调研内在的根本原因和驱动力就是人类从婴儿阶段就具有的“好奇心”。11.According to some developmental psychologists,.A.a babys play is nothing more than a gameB.scientific research into babies games is possibleC.the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investigatedD

34、.a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment答案:D解析:细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句中“.somedevelopmentalpsychologistshavearguedthatthisplayismorelikeascientificinvestigation.”可知科学实验和孩子的玩耍这两种行为均包含一种共性。D项中issomehowsimilarto和句中ismorelike为同义替换。12.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .A.scientists and babies see

35、m to observe the world differentlyB.scientists and babies often interact with each otherC.babies are born with the knowledge of object supportD.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do答案:D解析:细节理解题。在第二段中,作者通过实例论证了婴儿的玩耍和科学家们的实验两者间存在的共性,即目的、方法和逻辑相同。注意该段落最后一句话括号中的信息:gatheringdirectevidencef

36、romtheworld,D项中的collect和gathering属于同义替换。故选D项。13.Children may learn the rules of language by .A.exploring the physical worldB.investigating human psychologyC.repeating their own experimentsD.observing their parents behaviors答案:C解析:推理判断题。推理判断的起点是第三段第一句中“usingsimilarmeans”这一说明。既然调查人类心理和语言规则的方法同上,则应该从上文

37、的第二段中找到对应的方法,即第二段倒数第二句中“throughrepeatedexperiments”,因此选择C项。14.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A.The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B.Studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things tha

38、n scientists.D.Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.答案:B解析:主旨大意题。段落的首句为该段的主旨句。该句句意:把儿童的发展看作是一个科学研究的过程,这阐明了孩子学习的方法;同时也对怎样看待科学和科学家具有启示性意义。因此研究婴儿的玩耍的科学性可以更好地理解科学本身的发展,故B项正确。15.What is the authors tone when he discusses the connection between scientists research and babies

39、play?A.Convincing.B.Confused.C.Confident.D.Cautious.答案:D解析:推理判断题。该题要求判断作者的语气(tone),须从作者的用词来做出判断,特别是副词、形容词、情态动词等的使用。第一段中“Perhaps”,第二段中“Itislikelythat.,may,appear”,第三段中的“may”,以及第四段中“Perhaps,may”等这些词都说明了作者在下结论或做出判断时所持有的谨慎(cautious)态度。D(2017天津红桥区二模)Long ago,poems were recited out loud instead of being w

40、ritten down.Back when the Greeks first started the Olympics,they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.Now,poetry competitions have been revived.This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest,performing poems from memory for $

41、100,000 in prizes.The first competitions were held in classrooms.The winners went on to schoolwide contests,and then they competed in city and state competitions,and then the 50 state champions,along with the District of Columbia champion,came to Washington,D.C.,last week for the last showdown(对决).A

42、fter the 51 champions competed against one another,12 went on to the finals.Then the field was narrowed to five.The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem.The overall champ,Jackson Hille,a high school senior from Ohio,won a $20,000 scholarship.The National Endowment for the Arts and the

43、Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on the page.Its not just a matter of saying the words in the right order.Its the tone of voice,the pauses,the gestures,and the attitude of the person performing tha

44、t bring the words to life.“Each time we hear somebody recite a poem,we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it,”says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon,master of ceremonies for the finals.Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listener.Not only do the

45、people hearing poems have a new experience,memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way.Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills that can help them for life.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了很久以前诗歌是

46、大声朗诵出来的,而不是写下来的,而现在诗歌朗诵比赛已经复活,重新受到青睐。16.From the first paragraph,we can know .A.the Greeks were the first to write poemsB.the Olympics used to start with poem recitingC.poems were spread orally in the pastD.athletes were asked to recite poems before competing答案:C解析:推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,在很久以前诗歌是大声朗诵出来的,而不是

47、写下来的。故选C项。17.How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington,D.C.?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.答案:B解析:细节理解题。由第三段内容可知,在前往华盛顿参加决赛前,选手要进行competitionsheldinclassrooms,schoolwidecontests,citycompetitions,statecompetitions这四轮比赛,才最终可以参加在华盛顿举行的决赛。故选B项。18.According to the

48、 passage,hearing a poem recited in a new voice can .A.bring a new life to listenersB.help listeners find their interestC.make listeners learn the wordsD.offer something new to listeners答案:D解析:细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段,尤其是最后一句“Hearingitinanewvoiceofferssomethingnewtothelistener.”可知,听到一首诗歌用一种新的声音朗诵出来会给听众带来新的感受。1

49、9.One benefit the participants get from a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that they can .A.become confident while speaking in publicB.write good poems themselvesC.change their attitudes towards lifeD.make friends with many great poets答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Anotherbenefitofacompetitionsucha

50、sPoetryOutLoudisthattheparticipantslearnpublic-speakingskillsthatcanhelpthemforlife.”可知,A项正确。20.Whats the best title for the passage?A.Reciting poems improves your memoryB.Remembering a lot of poems is funC.Poets have a great timeD.Poetry rocks the microphone答案:D解析:主旨大意题。该文主要介绍了诗歌朗诵在美国的复兴,D项突出了主题,故选

51、D项。.阅读表达(2017天津南开中学5月模拟)Reading with Rover is a reading program where children read to dogs.In addition to Reading with Rover,which is based on Washington state,there are many such reading programs around the country.The goal of all these programs is to improve the reading skills of children with re

52、ading problems by having children read to dogs.When reading aloud in the classroom,many children with reading problems and poor reading skills feel frightened.They have little confidence in themselves and are afraid of being laughed at.They may also feel that reading is difficult,boring and stressfu

53、l.However,when children read to dogs,reading becomes a fun and non-stressful experience for both the children and the dogs.Dogs dont criticize,judge or laugh at the childrens reading ability.Reading with Rover and other programs like it have been a huge success,resulting in improved reading skills f

54、or a significant number of participating children with reading problems.In addition to making learning enjoyable,when children read to dogs,it increases their sense of worth and self-confidence.As part of the Reading with Rover program,the children read to dogs that are registered therapy dogs.These

55、 are dogs that have been trained and tested.Along with their owners,these dogs have become registered therapy teams.A recent research study was conducted by the University of California,which concluded that when children read to dogs,it can increase their reading skills by thirty percent.Children wh

56、o took part in this study remarked,“I feel relaxed when I am reading to a dog because I am having fun.”“The dogs dont care if you read really badly so you just keep going.”When children read to dogs and improve their reading skills,it becomes just another example of how wonderful dogs are and how im

57、portant they are to our society.1.Whats the aim of Reading with Rover?(no more than 10 words)答案:To improve the reading skills of children with reading problems.2.Why does reading become a fun and non-stressful experience when children read to dogs?(no more than 12 words)答案:Because dogs never critici

58、ze,judge or laugh at the childrens reading ability.3.Whats Paragraph 3 mainly about?(no more than 12 words)答案:The great effects/advantages/benefits of Reading with Rover and other programs like it.4.What does the underlined word “conducted” mean in the fifth paragraph?(no more than 2 words)答案:Carrie

59、d out/Performed/Done.5.What do you think of Reading with Rover and other programs like it?(no more than 25 words)答案:I think they are meaningful,as they make a difference in their life by improving the reading skills of children with reading problems.Or:I think they touch me a lot,because they are ju

60、st another example of how wonderful and important dogs are to our society.书面表达(2019北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记述整个过程。注意:词数不少于60。提示词:西瓜watermelon参考范文Last week,a social activity,whose subject is“Labour is the most glorious”,was organized by our school to deve

61、lop the students love for labour.First,our teacher told us the importance of labour and the meaning of the social activity.After packing my suitcase,I as well as my classmates set off for our destinationa farm in the morning.The moment we arrived there,we started to help the farmers harvest watermelons,for which the farmers praised us.We arrived home in the afternoon,tired but pleased.While having dinner,I told my parents what we had done on the farm.They were also delighted and satisfied with the social activity.