四川省射洪市2019—2020学年高二英语上学期期末能力素质监测试题(英才班含解析).doc
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1、四川省射洪市20192020学年高二英语上学期期末能力素质监测试题(英才班,含解析)本卷分为第卷和第卷两部分。考试时间60分钟,满分100分。考试结束后,第卷和机读卡一并收回。注意事项:1.答第卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。2.请将选择题答案填涂在机读卡上,请将非选择题答案写在第卷答题卡上,否则不予给分。第I卷第一部分 阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、和C )中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFun with Shadow PuppetsPeople around the world have been making shad
2、ow puppets (皮影戏) for a very long time. In a shadow puppet show, the puppets cannot be seen. Only their shadows can be seen.HOW TO PREPARE THE STAGEA cardboard puppet stage can be made using a piece of poster board.Lay the poster board down flat.Fold the edges in 6 inches on each side.Cut out a recta
3、ngular opening from the center of the poster board.Cover the opening with a piece of white cloth. Fasten it with tape (胶带). This cloth will be the stage “curtain.” The puppets hide behind the curtain. Have a bright light set up behind the puppets. When the light behind the puppets is turned on, blac
4、k shadows that resemble, or look like, the puppets appear on the white curtain. When the puppets move, the shadows move.HOW TO MAKE SHADOW PUPPETS1.Choose a story with two or three talking characters.2.Draw the shape of each person or animal on a piece of black poster board. It will be easy to follo
5、w the lines if you draw them with a white pencil or crayon.Make the characters so that they are facing to one side.Make each character different. Remember that only the shadow will show. so the outside shape is what is important.3.Use scissors (剪刀)to cut out the puppets carefully.4.Attach a drinking
6、 straw (吸管) to the back of each puppet with tape. Let the bottom of the straw hang below the body of the puppet. This will be used as a handle. Use it to control the movements of the puppets across the stage.5.Have a friend read the story while you move the puppets. Then you can take turns.6.You are
7、 now ready.LET THE SHOW BEGIN!1. Why does the stage need a light?A. The light helps locate the puppets.B. The light gives the stage a fancy look.C. The light signals that the show has started.D. The light helps to make a shadow on the curtain.2. Which item could best be used in place of a drinking s
8、traw?A. A broom.B. A ribbon.C. A pencil.D. A string.3. It can be learnt that to make a puppet show .A. a white pencil is a mustB. at least two people are neededC. the characters should face the same sideD. the color of the characters is very important【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了皮影戏的起源,皮影戏的准
9、备和制作皮影戏的步骤。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章HOW TO PREPARE THE STAGE部分的“Have a bright light set up behind the puppets. When the light behind the puppets is turned on, black shadows that resemble, or look like, the puppets appear on the white curtain.”(在木偶后面设置明亮的灯光。当木偶背后的灯被打开时,像木偶一样或看起来像木偶的黑影就会出现在白色幕布上。)可知,舞台需要灯光是因为光
10、线有助于在幕布上留下影子。故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据文章HOW TO MAKE SHADOW PUPPETS部分的“Attach a drinking straw (吸管) to the back of each puppet with tape. Let the bottom of the straw hang below the body of the puppet. This will be used as a handle. Use it to control the movements of the puppets across the stage.”(在每个木偶的背面用胶
11、带粘上一根吸管。让吸管的底部挂在木偶的身体下面。这将用作手柄。用它来控制舞台上木偶的动作。)由此判断出,铅笔最适合用来代替吸管。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章HOW TO MAKE SHADOW PUPPETS部分的“Have a friend read the story while you move the puppets. Then you can take turns.”(当你移动木偶时,请一位朋友读故事。然后你们可以轮流替换。)可推知,制作皮影戏至少需要两个人。故选B。BI got married just after I graduated from college an
12、d found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was look
13、ing for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began
14、to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate meplaying astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to
15、the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my Godthis could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a progra
16、m change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug!
17、 It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engine
18、ering disciplines (学科).It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering disciplin
19、e, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment.4. What do we know about the author?A. She taught Lauren to write software.B. She got her masters degree from MIT.C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.D. She created the term “software engineering”.5. “The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to _
20、.A. a pet to accompany LaurenB. a mission to land on the moonC. a mistake causing data lossD. a software ending prelaunch6. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11s success according to the passage?A. The in-time upload of data.B. The program change.C. Astronauts rich experience.D. Experts new attitud
21、e.7. What can we learn from Margarets story?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. A good beginning is half done.C. Two heads are better than one.D. Chances favor the prepared mind.【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性,一次偶然的机会她从事了开发“载人登月”软件的工作,作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序,事实证
22、明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”.”可知,作者在绝望中提出了“软件工程”这个词,故D项正确。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation dat
23、a taking her to the moon.”可知,作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误选择了一个程序,这个程序应该是在启动前运行的,计算机的空间太小,以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据,再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知,一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事(犯的错误),由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”,故C项正确。6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial i
24、nfluence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知,正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响,故B项正确。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的 “I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.”及倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission o
25、f Apollo 11.”可知,作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序,正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响,由此可知,作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人,故D项正确。【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测题难度较大,抓住作者的女儿劳伦在操作过程中犯的错误是关键,根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to
26、 the moon.”可知,劳伦犯了一个错误选择了一个程序,这个程序应该是在启动前运行的,计算机的空间太小,以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据,再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知,一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事,也就是说他也犯了同样的错误,由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”。CWalk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy, warm, damp
27、and thick. But if you had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted to the cold, dry climates of the ice ages, but until now, no one has reached a s
28、atisfying answer.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the
29、Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2 ?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past. Unfortunately,
30、getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult. To study past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen, kept in lake mud. Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments (沉淀物) which requires specialized equipment and heavy ma
31、chinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled (未取样). So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last
32、 ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.8. How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?A. Itll get drier and continue to remove CO2.B. There is no exact answer up to present.C. Itll get warmer and then colder
33、and drier.D. Itll remain steamy, warm, damp and thick.9. Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Its important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.B. Its impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.C. Its hard to collect information for studies of
34、the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.D. Its necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. Studies of the RainforestsB. Climates of the AmazonC. Secrets of the Ice AgeD. Changes of the Rainforests【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A
35、【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Amazon rainforest对吸收二氧化碳,抑制气候变暖有着重要的作用,但是在将来它如何应对气候变化。不幸的是,进入亚马逊雨林并收集信息是非常困难的,专家还在进一步的研究中。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the
36、past. Unfortunately, getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult.”(科学家们希望,通过了解热带雨林过去对气候变化的反应,他们能够提前了解热带雨林在未来将如何应对气候变化。不幸的是,进入亚马逊雨林并收集信息是非常困难的。)和“So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough inf
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