新教材2022届新高考英语外研版一轮复习课件：模块三 第4讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 .ppt

1、模块三 千变万化的动词第4讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致Step 1 刷透真题明晰技法【高考真题练】.语法填空1.(2020全国卷)It _(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _(construct).2.(2020全国卷)This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers _(carry)special significance.3.(2020全国卷)The artist was sure he would _(choose),but whe

2、n he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister,the old man laughed.meansis constructedcarriesbe chosen4.(2019全国卷)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _(make)over the years.5.(2019江苏高考)The musician along with his band members _(give)ten performances in the last

3、 three months.have madehas given.完成句子1.(2020全国卷)My dad _(不喜欢这个汤)and I dont enjoy apples.2.(2019全国卷)And the other was that _(我想要帮助需要帮助的人).3.(2019全国卷)Though it may appear simple,it _(需要很多想法和努力).doesnt like the soupI wanted to help people in needrequires a lot of ideas andefforts4.(2018全国卷)Still I _(不愿

4、意)play the games with them sometimes.5.(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday,I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I _(发现了很大的变化)there.was unwilling tofound a big change【微技能点拨】语法填空四谨记1.明晰高考考查类型:动词的时态和语态题,大致可分为以下3种类型:一是题干中提供时间状语,考生可直接根据所给的时间状语作出答案。二是提供的时间状语有较强的干扰性和迷惑性,考生不能

5、直接据此进行答题。三是题干中不提供任何时间状语,而是给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子,考生必须仔细分析语境,才能作出最佳答案。2.掌握独特的时间状语标志(1)看到always,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等要想到用一般现在时;(2)看到yesterday,last night,a few days ago,the other day等要想到用一般过去时;(3)看到since,so far,up to now,in the last/past few years等要想到用现在完成时。注意:如果题干中没有时间标志词,而是有两个或两个以上的谓语动词,这时我们

6、应该将两个动词动作发生的时间进行比较,依据动词发生的时间先后,确定正确的时态。3.熟记固定句型中的时态(1)be doing.when.,主句常用过去进行时,从句常用一般过去时;(2)It is/has been+时间段+since.表示“自从以来已经”,主句用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句用一般过去时;(3)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句常用一般将来时。4.分清主动被动,辨析语态看到动词为及物动词,后面缺少宾语要想到用被动语态。Step 2 突破重点点拨疑惑考点1 一般时态1.一般现在时(do/does;is/am/are)(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习

7、惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。(3)普遍真理。(4)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。The earth goes round the Sun once a year.He plays basketball every day.(2020

8、江苏高考)If you look at all sides of the situation,youll find probably a solution that suits everyone.The film starts at two oclock.2.一般过去时(did;was/were)(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。(2)表示过去习惯性动作。【点津】would/used to do:表示过去常常做We used to go there every year.We often played together when we were children.Havent seen

9、you for ages!Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.【小题快练】Every few years,the coal workers _(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.The real reason why prices _(be),and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactor

10、ily explain this problem.Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also _(give)us a sense of fair play and team spirit.It has been a long time since we _(meet)in China last time.haveweregivesmet考点2 进行时态1.现在进行时(am/is/are doing)(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。(2)表示按计划或安

11、排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等。(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用)。He is listening to a tape,but he cant hear it clearly.He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match.We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeares poetry

12、.2.过去进行时(was/were doing)(1)表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten oclock yesterday等连用。(2)过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。(3)过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。We were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon.(2018北京高考)Susan had quit her w

13、ell-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.She was always arguing with him and fighting with him.3.将来进行时(will/shall be doing)表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tomorrow,from 1:30 p.m.to 4:30 p.m.,the day after tomorrow等。如:I

14、will be discussing the situation with colleagues this time tomorrow.【小题快练】Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _(do).The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _(give)in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.What _you _(do)this time tomorrow?am doin

15、gwas givingwillbe doing考点3 将来时态1.一般将来时(will/shall do)(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示:现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。(3)“be to+动词原形”表示:预先安排好的计划或约定;表示说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;表示注定要发生的事情。(4)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。We sh

16、all be punished if we break the rule.My daughters going to work next year.They are to attempt to be the first to circle the Earth non-stop by balloon.Will you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give?2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。They said they would giv

17、e the police their full cooperation.【点津】除“should/would+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式:was/were going to do,was/were about to do,was/were to do,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用would do/used to do。I had a feeling you were going to be difficult about this.He was about to offer an explanation,but

18、she was beginning to laugh.【小题快练】What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute,I _(check)it for you.If it doesnt rain tomorrow,the sports meet _(hold)in the playground of our school.You promised you _(keep)us safe.will checkwill be heldwould keep考点4 完成时态1.现在完成时(have/has done)(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作

19、,常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last(past)few years,up to now,so far等。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态,常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。(4)This/It is the first/second.time+that从句,that从句中谓语要用现在完成时。(5)It(This)is the best(worst,most interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中

20、的谓语用现在完成时。(2018北京高考)Chinas high-speed railways have grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.(2020天津高考)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level since.I wont pay you until you have finished this job.This is the first time I have

21、 left my country and set foot on foreign soil.2.过去完成时(had done)(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time+句子等。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。(4)在“hardly(scarc

22、ely).when.”,“no sooner.than.”句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一就”。By that time,I had already made the decision to leave.(2019天津高考)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it.We had no sooner had supper than we began to repair the machine.考点5 完成进行时现在完成进行时(have

23、/has been doing)(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。We have been waiting for him for two hours.(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。(2020天津高考)You are a great swimmer.Thanks.Its because I have been practising a lot these days.【小题快练】For many years,people _(dream)of electric cars.However,making them has been more diff

24、icult than predicted.By the time we arrived,everyone _(receive)medical care.(2020江苏高考)Instead of getting down to a new task as I _(expect),he examined the previous work again.This is the first time my cousin _(adapt)to her new job.have been dreaminghad receivedhad expectedhas adapted考点6 被动语态被动语态的构成为

25、“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态,除be外被动语态的构成形式还有:get/become+过去分词。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last,cost,spread,happen(to),take place,belong to,break out,go out,run out,work out。1.被动语态的构成(以do为例)时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/weredonewill/shallbe donewould/shouldbe done进行is/am/a

26、rebeing donewas/werebeing done-完成have/hasbeen donehad beendonewill/shallhave beendonewould/shouldhave beendone2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。The reporters asked the president some questions.The president was asked some questions by the reporters.Some questions were asked the president by the repo

27、rters.(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。I heard him say good-bye to his friends.He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.(3)短语动词变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。This dictionary must be taken good care of.(4)情态动词,be going to,be to,be sure to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。This book may not be taken out of the

28、 reading room.(5)get+过去分词构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等。They get paid twice as much as I do,but the job is exactly the same as mine.No matter how well you know Paris,it is easy to get lost.3.主动形式表示被动含义(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义,借指其本身具有的属性、特征等。(2)当sell,read,dra

29、w,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。The music isnt pleasant to listen to.This kind of radio doesnt sell well.【小题快练】After getting lost in a storm,a member of the navy team _(rescue)fourdays later.Entire villages _(wash)away.Roads and bridges have been

30、destroyed and crops ruined.The church tower which _(restore)will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.My pen _(write)smoothly.was rescuedhave been washedis being restoredwritesIn the near future,more advances in the robot technology _(make)by scientists.This cloth _(feel)much softer

31、than that one.will be madefeels考点7 主谓一致1.语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Serving the people is my great happiness.Whether well go depends on the weather.【点津】what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。What lies at the root of his troubles is a sense of insecurity.What

32、the school needs are qualified teachers.(2)主语后有with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well as等单词或短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(2019天津高考)Amy,as well as her brothers,was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(3)and,both.and.连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形

33、式。Both you and I are students.The singer and dancer is said to perform in our school on May Day.(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.2.意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主

34、语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。His audience consists mainly of young people.The audience were clapping for over ten minutes.(2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;al

35、l,some,half,most,the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.The majority of the damage is easy to repair.(3)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.(4)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。Four thousand dollars

36、is quite a lot of money for a boy.3.就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。(1)由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,not.but.等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Either you or Paul is responsible for this thing.Not only you but also your sister is lovely.(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。Th

37、ere are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.Here is a pen,a few envelops and some paper for you.【小题快练】Three fourths of the surface of the earth _(cover)with water.What they want to get _(be)a number of good books.Neither my parents nor my elder sister _(like)running.My fa

38、ther as well as his workmates _(be)to Beijing.Ten dollars _(be)enough for this book.is coveredarelikeshas beenisStep 3 跟踪检测提升能力.语法填空China plans to release one or two giant pandas into the wild.So far the spot 1._(select)in east Chinas Jiangxi province.It will be the first time to release a giant pan

39、da into the wild outside southwest Chinas Sichuan Province,2._ 13 pandas had been released by the end of last year.An expert meeting was held in Jiangxi,where it was decided that pandas would be transported from Sichuan.Then they will be released into the Jiangxi GuanshanNational Nature Reserve.The

40、nature reserve 3._(have)a mild climate and a quite good ecosystem,with abundant bamboo 4._(resource)and little human interference,which is good for giant pandas to reproduce.Researchers also 5._(brief)introduced the research method to experts.The method includes 6._ giant panda reintroduction progra

41、m.The reintroduction program refers to 7._(release)captive-bred(圈养繁殖的)pandas to their past distribution areas.They will live in these areas after wild training 8._(rebuild)the wild population.Researchers will obtain 9._(value)data.And the data shows how pandas adapt to the environment and climate af

42、ter they stay at the wild habitats.The program has high research value for studying some problems.Why did pandas die out in their historical distribution areas?How did climate changes influence the current panda population?The program will also help expand the distribution range 10._ giant pandas.Be

43、sides,it can reduce the extinction risks of their wild population.1.【解析】has been selected。考查时态和语态。该句主语the spot是第三人称单数,和谓语动词select是被动关系,再根据时间状语so far可知,此处用现在完成时的被动语态,故填has been selected。2.【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词为“Chinas Sichuan Province”,在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。3.【解析】has。考查主谓一致。本句主语“reserve”是第三人称单数,且这里是陈述客观

44、事实,所以用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填has。4.【解析】resources。考查名词单复数。resource是可数名词,此处用复数形式。故填resources。5.【解析】briefly。考查副词。空后为“introduced”,根据副词修饰动词,应用副词形式briefly。故填briefly。6.【解析】a。考查冠词。根据句意“这个研究方法包含一个大熊猫再引进计划”,表示“一个”用不定冠词,名词giant以辅音音素开头,故填a。7.【解析】releasing。考查非谓语动词。根据“refer to sth.”中“to”为介词,其后用v.-ing形式作宾语。故填releasing。8

45、.【解析】to rebuild。考查非谓语动词。这里是用动词不定式表示目的。故填to rebuild。9.【解析】valuable。考查形容词。此处data是名词,这里应该用形容词修饰它,故填valuable。10.【解析】of。考查介词。range意为“范围,种类”,常与“of”连用。故填of。.语段填空Senior Three students will face the question after they _(通过大学入学考试).“Should I choose a good major or a good university?”Some students prefer to co

46、nsider majors first so that they can learn _(他们感兴趣的东西).It will also make it possible for them _(去做他们喜欢的工作)in the future.However,those who think differently believe that the environment is important to ones development.They also believe that students _(从一流大学毕业)are often more likely to find good jobs.

47、In my opinion,_pass the college entranceexaminationwhat they are interested into take their favorite jobsgraduating from leading universitiesthe best_(最好的选择)is to choose a good major at a good university.But if they cant obtain both,_(首先要考虑的是)is a good major.Because _(无论他们在哪里学习),they can still achie

48、ve a lot in a certain field if they try their best.choicethe first thing to considerno matter where they study.写作运用补全下面写作,注意动词的运用。Hello,everyone!I would like to share with you my first travel abroad.1._ _.(去年暑假,我和几个同学一起参加了与一所美国学校的交流项目。)During our visit,we stayed in host families,which gave us an opp

49、ortunity to learn about American society.The main part of our program was to experience the school life.2._.(与中国学生相比,美国学生更加开放和活Lastsummer vacation,I,together with several classmates,took part in an exchangeprogram with an American schoolCompared with Chinese students,Americanstudents are more open a

50、nd active跃。)Besides,they have less homework and fewer exams.3._.(但我们也有很多共同点,比如对NBA的狂热。)When the visit was over,I made friends with some American students,who become very interested in Chinese culture.4._.(美国学生也从中获益匪浅。)But we also have a lotin common,like being crazy about NBAThe American students alsobenefited much from the program