2019年英语新同步译林必修三（江苏专用）讲义：UNIT 3 SECTION Ⅰ WELCOME TO THE UNIT .doc

1、The ancient Loulan City lies on the west bank of Lop Nur Lake in Xinjiang region.The city was founded in the 2nd century BC in an oasis (绿洲) on the Silk Road.But it became less powerful and strong after its 800 years of development, and disappeared suddenly in the middle of the 6th century AD.At the

2、 beginning of last century, a Swedish explorer Sven Hedin discovered the city buried in the desert, which attracted attention from all over the world.The city has already totally turned into dust.But archaeologists (考古学家) believe there was a water tunnel running through the city and dividing it into

3、 two different functional parts.Large numbers of potsherds (陶瓷碎片), wood pieces, coins, pieces of jewellery and wood slip documents provide us with plenty of information about the ancient city before it disappeared.The study of the materials of the ruins of Loulan City perhaps can tell us why it disa

4、ppeared.The archaeologist found that the Loulanese preferred Sun tomb which consisted of 7 circles of logs which became thicker and thicker from center to the outer circle, just like the sun shining.The unique but spectacular (壮观的；令人惊叹的) burying form was quite popular at that time but sped up the di

5、sappearance of Loulan City.A large amount of forest was cut down, which made Loulan City destroyed by the sandstorms at last.Section_Welcome to the unit & Reading PrereadingLost civilizationsDay 1, 15 JulyI feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting

6、 Pompeii.Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as Chinas Pompeii in the desert.Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.Day 2, 16 JulyThis morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii.The city was founded in the 8th century BC.In 89 BC, the Romanstook

7、 over Pompeii.It then became a rich and busy city.Near the city was a volcano.On 24 August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava， ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.It continued to erupt for the next two days.Many people were buried alive， and so was the city.How unfortuna

8、te！Day 3, 17 JulyToday I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.How amazing！ The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage.Thus, in 186

9、0, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.civilization/sIvlaIzeIn/n.文明are visiting 和 are flying 都是现在进行时，表示的是将要发生的动作。which is known as .是非限制性定语从句，修饰Loulan。lecture/lekt(r)/n.讲座attend a lecture 听讲座found/fand/vt.兴建，创建BC/bisi/abbr.公元前(before Christ 的缩写)Roman/rmn

10、/n.罗马人adj.罗马的，罗马人的take over 夺取；接管volcano/vlkeIn/n.火山(pl.) volcanoes/volcanos表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装语序。AD/eIdi/abbr.公元(Anno Domini 的缩写)erupt /Irpt/vi.(火山等)爆发lava/lv/n.熔岩， 火山岩ash/n.灰，灰烬ashes 废墟；骨灰pour/p(r)/vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)bury vt.埋，埋葬；安葬alive adj.活的，在句中作主语补足语。so was the city是“so助动词主语”的部分倒装结构

11、。unfortunate/nftnt/adj.不幸的，遗憾的as用作连词，意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句。How amazing! 多令人惊奇啊！amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的when a farmer discovered .是定语从句，修饰 the 18th century, when 相当于 in which。dig v挖，掘n.触，碰；挖苦，讽刺；挖掘which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。preserve v保存，保护preserve sb./sth.from .保护免受so it could be .是目的状语从句。失落的文明第13段译文第一天，7月15日能获得这次

12、旅行的机会我感到很幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国并打算去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝”的古城。庞贝和楼兰都是很久以前失落的文明。第二天，7月16日今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市建于公元前8世纪。公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了一座繁华的城市。离该城不远处有一座火山。公元79年8月24日，这座火山爆发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到周围的村庄。火山爆发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。真是太不幸了！第三天，7月17日今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多令人惊奇啊！这座城市多年来一直被人们遗

13、忘，直到18世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1860年，政府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究。When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.

14、I also saw the people who had been buried alive.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.Years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce truetolif

15、e figures of the people who had died in the disaster.You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now.Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city！Day 10, 24 JulyFinally, we arrived in Loulan a

16、fter several days of travelling.This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago.It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West.It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.I am so excited to be here！when引导时间状语从句

17、；as引导方式状语从句。with stepping stones .是with复合结构(with宾语介词短语)，作状语，修饰 had been。mud /md/n.泥浆，烂泥decorate/dekreIt/vt.装饰，装潢be decorated with 装饰有which引导定语从句，修饰 houses。flee/fli/(fled, fled) vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开researcher/rIst(r)/n.研究者，调查者truetolife/trutlaIf/adj.逼真的disaster/dIzst(r)/n.灾难who had died .是定语从句，修饰 the pe

18、ople。where the people fell是定语从句，修饰places。imagine v想象；认为，想，后接名词、代词、v.ing 或从句。destroy/dIstrI/vt.毁坏，摧毁how this peaceful volcano .是宾语从句。commercial/kml/adj.商业的，贸易的wealthy/welI/adj.富有的，富裕的gradually/grdlI/adv.渐渐地，逐渐地cover sth.over(完全)盖住/遮住某物sandstorm/sndstm/n.沙尘暴，风沙snowstorm n暴风雪It is believed to have .中 i

19、t 指代上文提到过的 Loulan。本句使用了“It is believed to do sth.” 句型，常可转换为“It is believed that .”。第45段译文当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！我看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看到了被活埋的人。原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在他们原来倒下的同样的位置。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难想象这座平静的火山是如何摧毁整

20、座城市的！第十天，7月24日经过好几天的旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰。这座商业城市在大约两千年前也曾繁华过。它是连接东西方著名的丝绸之路上的停靠点。人们相信，从公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。能在这里我很兴奋！Day 11, 25 JulyA scholar from the local cultural institute， Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.S

21、ven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand， together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots， material such as silk, documents and wall paintings.When we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers.We found the ruins most interesting

22、.There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand what a pity！cultural/kltrl/adj.文化的institute/InstItjut/n.(教育或其他专业)机构，研究所ruin/ruIn/n.废墟，毁坏 vt.破坏，毁灭rema

23、ins/rImeInz/n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸beneath/bIni/prep.在之下buried beneath the sand .是过去分词短语作后置定语。together with 又，连同(同 as well as)连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与第一个主语保持一致。paint vt.(用颜料等)画；油漆pot/pt/n.罐，壶material/mtIrIl/n.材料；物质adj.物质的document/dkjmnt/n.文献，文件workshop/wkp/n.作坊，车间find复合结构，即 find宾语adj.(作宾语补足语)。run through 流经，贯穿that引导定语从句，

24、修饰 water system。cut down 砍倒result in 导致result from 起因于；由导致 第6段译文第十一天，7月25日,来自当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，来自欧洲的探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。斯文发现了埋藏在沙子下面的建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、彩绘罐、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。当我们到这座城市时，我们看到了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔。我们发现楼兰废墟非常有趣。有一条古老的供水系统贯穿市中心。这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致楼兰这座城市被沙子埋没多遗憾啊！Prereading Please ma

25、tch the words with their proper Chinese meanings.1civilizationA兴建，创建2found B逃跑，逃避；迅速离开3pour C毁坏，摧毁4decorate D装饰，装潢5disaster E破坏，毁坏；废墟6destroy F涌流，倾泻；倒出(液体)7commercial G灾难8ruin H文明9flee I商业的，贸易的10remains J遗迹，遗物，遗骸答案：15HAFDG610CIEBJLeadinAre you familiar with these famous historic sites? Match the fol

26、lowing pictures with their names.Athe Summer PalaceBthe Temple of Heaven Cthe Great WallDthe Confucius Temple EStonehengeFthe Forbidden City Gthe ruins of YuanmingyuanHthe Taj Mahal IPyramids答案：1.F2.G3.I4.E5.H6.A7.C8.D9.BWhilereading Fastreading1Look through the text and then finish the following qu

27、estion.The text is mainly about a cultural tour to sites_of_lost_civilizations.2Summarize the main idea of each diary.Diary 1Aa visit to Pompeii cityDiary 2Bthe purpose and destination of the tripDiary 3Cthe discovery of the Loulan KingdomDiary 4Da lecture about Pompeii and the volcanoDiary 5Egenera

28、l information about Loulan答案：Diary 1BDiary 2DDiary 3ADiary 4EDiary 5CCarefulreading()Choose the best answers according to the text.1Which disaster destroyed the city of Pompeii?AThe earthquake.BThe snowstorm.CThe volcano eruption. DThe typhoon.2What were the stepping stones along the road in the cit

29、y used for?ALeading people walking along the road.BMaking people not step in the mud in the streets on rainy days.CMaking the city more beautiful.DMaking the children avoid walking in the mud.3Loulan is called Chinas Pompeii in the desert because _.Aboth of them once had great civilizationsBboth of

30、them once had similar building structuresCthey were both destroyed by volcano eruptionDthey were both powerful in the ancient past4Which of the following statements is NOT true?APompeii was destroyed by a volcano while Loulan was gradually covered over by sandstorms.BPompeii was in Italy while Loula

31、n was in China.CBoth of the two cities were discovered by local people.DBoth of the two cities are lost civilizations about 2,000 years ago.5According to the last sentence, how did the author feel about the loss of Loulan?AExcited.BSorry.CHappy. DSurprised.答案：15CBACB()Fill in each blank with only on

32、e word according to the text.Lost civilizationsDay 1 (15th July)Planning to visit Pompeii and Loulan, both of which became lost 1.civilizations long ago.Day 2 (16th July)Attending a 2.lecture and learning more about the history of Pompeii when it was 3.founded,_when and how it disappeared.Day 3 (17t

33、h July)Visiting Pompeii, which was forgotten for many years.Seeing several houses 4.decorated with wall paintings and the bodies of people who failed to 5.flee/escape when the volcano 6.erupted.Day 10(24th July)Visiting Loulan, a 7.stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West

34、, which was gradually covered by 8.sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.Day 11 (25th July)Getting more information about Loulan by listening to Professor Zhang.Seeing lots of things that the city had, including the water 9.system.Learning about the causes that 10.resulted in the citys disappearance.Stud

35、yreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!句式分析尝试翻译当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！2It turns out that after th

36、e ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.句式分析本句是主从复合句， it是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句。该主语从句中包含一个由after引导的时间状语从句，此状语从句中还包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。现在分词短语leaving .in the ash充当结果状语。尝试翻译原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，

37、他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。3A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.句式分析尝试翻译来自当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，来自欧洲的探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。 .课文缩写填空Jane， I was so excited to be

38、picked to 1.represent Canada.I have been to Pompeii in Italy and am now in China 2.visiting Loulan.Both places were important mercial cities about 2,000 years ago.They both disappeared and became lost 4.civilizations.Pompeii was 5.destroyed by a volcano.Loulan 6.disappeared under the sand.There are

39、just a few 7.ruins left.I am becoming very 8.interested in ancient civilizations.Maybe I shall become a(n) 9.archeologist one day.10.What do you think?See you when I get back.Ann.阅读理解This past fall I experienced a succession of stressful events in my life.First I received a devastating, terminal dia

40、gnosis, for my beloved dog.Two weeks later, while still trying to cope with his illness, I fell off a ladder and broke my wrist.Within a span of two months I was dealing with serious emotional and physical healing (愈合)For the first time that I could remember, I couldnt reconcile (调和) the events in m

41、y life and I was having a hard time coping.One particularly difficult afternoon I walked into my art studio, took out some watercolors and started to paint.With nothing in particular as the subject matter, I produced sheets of abstract images full of bright color and movement.It felt good to create.

42、For the first time in weeks, I felt good.“Art can express what words cant, especially if theres been trauma (创伤)，” says art therapist Cathy Malchiodi PhD.She says that our brain stores memories as images, which is why it is easier to tap into them visually.She cites artist Frida Kahlo who was severe

43、ly injured in a bus accident when she was young.Many of Kahlos paintings were done while she was lying in bed recovering, and her later works often included imagery that relates back to her accident, pain and recovery periods.In addition to the process of painting and creating art, it has been docum

44、ented that looking at art is beneficial and therapeutic (治疗的) as well.In the introduction of his book Lust for Life a novel on the life of Vincent Van Gogh, author Irving Stone cites his experience with fine art.Prior to ever viewing a Van Gogh painting.Stone had lived for a year in Paris and Italy

45、and was unmoved by the paintings he had seen.“Painting may be a very fine medium but it has nothing to say to me, at least nothing I can understand.” After having been challenged to visit a Van Gogh exhibit, however, he writes that he was surprised by the paintings, “unable to move or breath or thin

46、k”Art is that powerful.语篇解读：本文作者通过自己的经历说明艺术对人的心灵和身体有治愈作用。1.In the first paragraph the author intends to _.Adescribe how he overcame stressful eventsBtell us that art helped him get out of his problemsCprove that art can bring us many pleasuresDadvise us to try creating art when we meet problems解析：选B

47、推理判断题。分析第一段可知，作者遇到了很多挫折和困难，是艺术创作使他重新获得了快乐，走出了困境。2What can we learn about Frida Kahlo from Paragraph 2?AShe did her later paintings from her memories.BShe didnt begin to paint until she had an accident.CShe recovered soon because she painted in bed.DShe wanted to express her sadness through painting.

48、解析：选A细节理解题。分析文章第二段可知，画家 Frida Kahlo 后期的作品是她根据以前生活的回忆创作的。3Irving Stone felt the power of art when he _.Afirst saw fine artBwas in Paris and ItalyCwas writing about the life of Vincent Van GoghDsaw great works by Vincent Van Gogh解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章最后两句可知，梵高的作品展真正打动了 Irving Stone, 并让他感受到了艺术的力量。4The example

49、 of Irving Stone is given in the last paragraph to show that _.Alooking at art is therapeutic, tooBonly works of great artists can move peopleCart can have more benefits than we expectDfine art can change a person completely解析：选A推理判断题。文章最后一段提到 Irving Stone 的真实事例是为了说明本段第一句，即欣赏艺术作品不但能使人受益，而且有治疗的功效。5Th

50、e main purpose of the author is to tell us _.Ahis own experience in creating artBthe use of art in hard conditionsCthe healing power of artDthe importance of art解析：选C写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者通过自己的亲身经历阐明艺术对人的心灵和身体有治愈作用。.任务型阅读Whatever your career, and whatever your goals in life are, ideas are going to matter t

51、o you.One great idea could change your life.The thing is, you probably dont have as many great ideas as youd like.Perhaps you feel unimaginative and unoriginal.You keep hoping that a really good idea will just pop into your head, but that never seems to happen.The good news? Ideas arent magic dust s

52、prinkled by the Muses.Theres an awful lot you can do to generate ideas any time you want.First, you need time to come up with ideas and quality time, where youre not worrying about the chores or your emails.Getting quality time ideally means taking a whole day away from your regular responsibilities

53、.Go out to a coffee shop with a notebook, or shut yourself in a room at home without internet access.Get a zoomedout view of your life: set aside worries about “but what would people think？” and “is it sensible？” and let yourself dream.Youll be amazed what you come up with.Ever had an idea which you

54、 immediately dismissed? You probably told yourself “Thats stupid，” or “Its been done before.”When youre generating ideas and thinking through possibilities, youll inevitably come up with a few false starts.Some ideas will be unoriginal, undesirable or unworkable.But thats not a bad thing.One idea of

55、ten leads to a whole train of thought and you might end up with a really good idea from something which seemed, at first glance, unpromising.Although Im a bit of an introvert I like to spend a fair amount of time on my own I also get a great buzz from being with likeminded people and discussing idea

56、s and projects with them.Youve probably experienced something similar yourself maybe in a brainstorming meeting at work, or maybe just at a bar with friends.The energy generated by several people together can spark some brilliant ideas ones which youd never have come up with alone.How do you find li

57、keminded people to bounce ideas off? You could try: Local groups, such as evening classes; Getting together with a couple of friends who “get” your dreams; Finding an online forum of people with the same interest or goals as you.Ideas dont just appear in a vacuum.Theyre formed from all the various i

58、nput that you take in.Sometimes, a news story might give you the perfect idea for a Christmas present for your sister, or a book that youre reading might get you thinking about a particular goal in your life.The more widely you read, the more open youll be to new ideas cropping up.That might mean re

59、ading a magazine or journal article thats far outside your normal area of expertise, or turning to a biography of someone who you know almost nothing about.A great place to start is online: blogs, news sites, forums and even Twitter and Facebook are all a rich source of ideas, just waiting for you.H

60、ow do you come up with great ideas? And is there a particular area of your life where you feel like youre lacking inspiration？How to come up with great ideas all the time(1)Find/Spare quality time to thinkGetting ideal quality time means (2)setting/putting aside worries about your regular (3)respons

61、ibilities such as the housework or your emails and letting yourself dream for some time.You may come up with some (4)amazing ideas.Dont judge your ideasA(n) (5)seemingly unimportant ideas might (6)turn out to be a really good one.So dont dismiss any unoriginal, undesirable or unworkable ideas (7)imm

62、ediately.Talk to other likeminded peopleTalking with people who (8)share the same interest or goals with you can inspire some brilliant ideas.You can find such people at work, at a bar, in evening classes or on an online forum.Read widelyReading widely helps you put forward new ideas and the Internet is a great place (9)rich/abundant in ideas.ConclusionWhatever your career, and whatever your goals in life are, ideas are of (10)significance/importance to you.