2019年英语新同步译林选修八（江苏专用）讲义：UNIT 3 SECTION Ⅳ GRAMMAR .doc

1、Section_Grammar & Writing语法图解探究发现Here we are in London at last!Aunt really enjoyed France and so did grandma and I.It was a lot of fun because in the dormitory were lots of people from different places.Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room

2、.May our friendship live forever!Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.So easy is it that a child can learn it.Young as he is, he knows a lot.There goes the bell.我的发现(1)完全倒装是谓语动词全部移到主语前(主语是代词时例外)；部分倒装是只将谓语动词的一部分(如be动词、助动词或情态动词)放在主语前面，其余部分仍然

3、在主语之后。上面例句中，句是完全倒装；句是部分倒装。(2)因为主语是代词，故句不使用倒装。(3)only修饰状语且位于句首时，句子用倒装结构。(4)as表示“虽然，尽管”时，引导的状语从句用倒装结构，这时as可用though代替。一、完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词完全置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。1here, there, out, up, down, away, now, then等副词置于句首，谓语动词为be, come, go, live, run, stand等时，且主语是名词时应用完全倒装。Here is the address of your hot

4、el.这里就是你宾馆的位置。Away went the boy to the school!那个男孩到学校里去了！名师点津若主语是代词，则主谓不倒装。Here he comes.他来了。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(江苏高考改编)Is everyone here?Not yet . Look, there come (come) the rest of our guests!There is (be) a book and a pen on the table.There stood (stand) our teacher when we were chatting.(2)(陕西高考

5、)John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before.Aa girl did standBa girl stoodCdid a girl stand Dstood a girl解析：选D句意：约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。副词there，here等位于句首，应用完全倒装句式。2当句首的状语为表示地点、时间、方向的副词或介词短语，且主语为名词时，应用全部倒装。At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.校长坐在大厅的前面。On the wall hang two large pic

6、tures.墙上挂着两幅巨大的图画。即时演练2(1)句型转换(每空一词)A tall tree stands between the two buildings.Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.The sound of music came from the window.From the window came the sound of music.(2)(重庆高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _ ，one of the ten lar

7、gest cities in China.Alies Chongqing BChongqing liesCdoes lie Chongqing Ddoes Chongqing lie解析：选A表示方位的介词短语At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River位于句首，故此处应该用全部倒装。3作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语be主语”。(1)形容词be主语Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and

8、many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授以及许多其他的客人。(2)分词be主语Gone are the days when they will do what they like.他们可以随心所欲的日子过去了。Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野长满了野花。(3)介词短语be主语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.这些商品里有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。(4)such(这样的人或物)be主语Such was the

9、story he told me.这就是他给我讲的故事。即时演练3(1)用be动词的适当形式填空Such are what he has found, a purse, two books and some food.Such is he, a devoted and kind man.(2)用倒装结构翻译句子树下是一位老人和一群孩子。Under_the_tree_are_an_old_man_and_a_group_of_children.山上有很多漂亮的鲜花。On_the_hills_are_some_beautiful_flowers.刘老师出席了会议，他教我们英语。Present_at

10、_the_meeting_was_Mr_Liu,_who_taught_us_English.(3)_ when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.AGone are the days BThe days goneCGone the days DBeing gone the days解析：选A句意：他们对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。题干中主语(后有定语从句)过长，故将表语提前，同时将be动词放到主语前构成全部倒装句式，所以A项正确。二、部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为情态动词或助动词)置于主语之前的句子，为部分倒装。1

11、疑问句中，将助动词(或情态动词)置于主语之前，构成语法倒装。Have you visited van Goghs birthplace?你游览过凡高的出生地吗？What feelings does the painter want to express through the use of colours, light and shade?通过色彩、光线和阴影的运用，画家想表达什么样的感情？2句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, under no circumstances, n

12、ot until .等时，句子采用部分倒装。Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.无论在哪里你也不会找到这个问题的答案。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.母亲一直到孩子入睡后才离开房间。3在句型not only . but also, hardly/scarcely . when, no sooner . than等中，若否定词放在句首，则要使用部分倒装。No sooner had the painter reached his birthpl

13、ace than he was off to the pond.这位画家一到达他的出生地就去了池塘。Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.他不仅许诺了，也坚守了承诺。4so, neither, nor开头的句子用这些词表示“也”“也不”时，句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。If you dont agree, nei

14、ther will I.如果你不同意，我也不同意。即时演练4(1)(2016江苏高考)Not until recently _ the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.Athey had encouraged Bhad they encouragedCdid they encourage Dthey encouraged解析：选C句意：直到近来他们才鼓励农村地区旅游相关活动的发展。not until .位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装；encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。故选C项。(2)(福建

15、高考)Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink! Im glad you like it.AI have had BI hadChave I had Dhad I解析：选Cnever 是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。(3)We laugh at jokes, but seldom _ about how they work.Awe think Bthink weCwe do think Ddo we think解析：选D句意：我们听到笑话会开怀大笑，但我们很少思考它是怎

16、样让人笑的。seldom置于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装。(4)At no time _ the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.Athey actually brokeBdo they actually breakCdid they actually breakDthey had actually broken解析：选Cat no time意为“绝不，根本不”。当含有否定词的介词短语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式。另外，句子中的was表明空白处说的是过去的情况，所以选C。5“only状语”在句首时，要使用部分倒装。Only aft

17、er being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次后，他才来参加会议。名师点津如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病得很重时，他才卧床休息。即时演练5(1)完成句子只有这样我们才能按时完成任务。Only_in_this_way_can_we finish the task on time.只有在他失去这个机会时，他才意识到它的重要性。Only when he lost the chance did_he_rea

18、lize_the_importance_of_it.(2)(2015湖南高考)Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.AI did discover Bdid I discoverCI discovered Ddiscovered I解析：选B句意：直到跟两个学生谈了话以后，我才发现有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。only修饰after引导的时间状语，且位于句首，故句子需用部分倒装语序。(3)(2

19、015天津高考)Only when Lily walked into the office_that she had left the contract at home.Ashe realized Bhas she realizedCshe has realized Ddid she realize解析：选D句意：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句用部分倒装语序。由walked可知此处用一般过去时。故选D。6as, though引导的倒装句。as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(即将形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)

20、。但需注意：(1)句首名词不能带冠词。(2)句首是实义动词，则其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。即时演练6(1)句型转换(每空一词)Although he is young, he is very considerate to others.Young as/though he is,_he is very considerate to others.(2)(陕西高考)Hot _

21、 the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aalthough BasCwhile Dhowever解析：选B句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词as主语谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序。7so/such . that句型中的so/such位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。So loudly did he speak t

22、hat even people in the next room could hear him.他说话的声音很大，隔壁屋的人都能听见。Such a lovely toy did he buy me that I was very thankful to him.他给我买了这么可爱的一个玩具，我非常感激他。即时演练7(1)句型转换(每空一词)It is such a good book that I want to buy it.Such a good book is it that I want to buy it.(2)So difficult _ it to live in an Engl

23、ishspeaking country that I determined to learn English.AI hare felt Bhave I feltCI did feel Ddid I feel解析：选D以“soadj.”开头的句子要用部分倒装，由从句中谓语动词determined可知应用一般过去时。8在虚拟条件句中从句谓语部分有were, had, should时，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前，从句采用部分倒装结构。Were I ten years younger, I would be able to climb to the top of t

24、he tree.我要是再年轻10岁，就能爬到这棵树的顶部。Had we told him earlier, he would have overcome these kinds of prejudices.如果我们早一点儿告诉他，他就不会有这些偏见了。9在某些表示祝愿的句型中常用部分倒装。Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!世界人民大团结万岁！May you all be happy!愿你们都快乐！即时演练8(1)句型转换(每空一词)If it should rain, well stay indoors reading bo

25、oks.Should it rain,_well stay indoors reading books.If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the first bus.Had you got up earlier,_you would have caught the first bus.I hope the coming New Year will bring you joy, love and peace.May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace.(2)_ it r

26、ain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.AWere BShouldCWould DWill解析：选B句意：明天要是下雨的话，我们将不得不推迟参观杨浦大桥的时间。此处省略if，将should提前，形成倒装语序。(3)_ everything ready, he would have passed the job interview the other day.AHad he got BDid he getCShould he get DHas he got解析：选A句意：他如果准备好所有事情，前几

27、天就已经通过工作面试了。根据语境可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句的谓语用了would have done的形式，从句时态应用过去完成时。当had提前时，可以省略if。故选A项。.将下列句子改为倒装句1He was able to get back to work only when the war was over.Only_when_the_war_was_over_was_he_able_to_get_back_to_work.2He not only liked reading stories but also could even write some.Not_only_d

28、id_he_like_reading_stories_but_also_he_could_even_write_some.3The old woman little knew that she was seriously ill herself.Little_did_the_old_woman_know_that_she_was_seriously_ill_herself.4He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.Hardly_had_he_sat_down_when_the_telephone_rang.5The woman will n

29、ever forget the day in 2016 when she first came to the city.Never_will_the_woman_forget_the_day_in_2016_when_she_first_came_to_the_city.6The students read so loudly that people could hear them out in the street.So_loudly_did_the_students_read_that_people_could_hear_them_out_in_the_street.7The animal

30、 hardly makes any movement when it is in its hibernating state.Hardly_does_the_animal_make_any_movement_when_it_is_in_its_hibernating_state.8He was so frightened that he didnt dare to move an inch.So_frightened_was_he_that_he_didnt_dare_to_move_an_inch.9We seldom hear her reading aloud because she i

31、s too shy.Seldom_do_we_hear_her_reading_aloud_because_she_is_too_shy.10He didnt know what the Great Wall was like until he visited Beijing.Not_until_he_visited_Beijing_did_he_know_what_the_Great_Wall_was_like.完成句子1他是个意志坚强的人，决不会向困难屈服。He is a strongwilled person. In no case will_he_give_in_to_difficul

32、ties.2他既没赞成也没反对这项计划。Neither_did_he approve of the plan nor_did_he oppose it.3他很少在家里吃午饭。Seldom does_he_have_lunch at home.4城东有个公园，公园中心有一座塔。In the east of the city lies_a_park,_and in the center of the park stands_a_tower.5直到昨晚9点钟，我们才完成这项工作。Not until nine oclock yesterday evening did_we_finish_the_wor

33、k.单项填空1Not until she got the letter saying that she was employed _ that she could have a sound sleep.Adid she find Bshe foundCwould she find Dthat she found解析：选Anot until引导状语从句置于句首，主句使用部分倒装结构，C项时态错误，故选A项。2Only after you have known someone for some time _ to appreciate his real worth.Abegin you Bdo y

34、ou beginCyou do begin Ddo begin you解析：选Bonly状语从句置于句首，主句使用部分倒装结构，故此题只能选B。3On two occasions he was accused of stealing money from the company, but in neither case _ any evidence to support the claims.Awas there Bthere wasChad there been Dthere had been解析：选A句意：他两次被指控从公司偷钱，但两次都没有任何证据支持这些说法。in neither ca

35、se为表示否定意义的介词短语，位于句首时，需部分倒装，即把助动词，系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，故选A项。4So absorbed _ in her work that she didnt realize I was behind her.Adid she Bwas sheCshe did Dshe was解析：选B“so形容词/副词”放在句首时，句子(主句)应该用倒装语序。be absorbed in结构中存在系动词be，所以倒装结构只需把系动词提前即可。5(江苏高考)My room gets very cold at night._.ASo is mine BSo mine isCSo d

36、oes mine DSo mine does解析：选C根据上文中的“My room gets very cold at night.”中的动词gets可确定用“So does mine.”，表示“我的房间夜里也很冷”。6Little _ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.Adid Rose care BRose did careCRose does care Ddoes Rose care解析：选A句意：罗丝自己处于危险之中，但是她不大在乎自己的安全。little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子(主句)用

37、部分倒装。7Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,000 years.Adoes a tall tree stand Bstands a tall treeCa tall tree is standing Da tall tree stands解析：选B句意：我们的房前长着一棵高大的有着一千年历史的树。介词短语位于句首，句子要全部倒装，把谓语动词提前。8He loved his family, but seldom _ spend much time with them.Awas he able to Bhe was able toC

38、is he able to Dhe is able to解析：选Aseldom放在句首，句子要部分倒装，且根据前面的loved可知应使用一般过去时，故选A。9_ will I ask my parents for money after graduating from the university.ABy all accounts BFrom all accountsCOn no account DOf no account解析：选CC项意为“决不，绝对不”置于句首，句子使用部分倒装结构。10So popular _ that the younger generation are dying

39、for one.Ahas iPhone 7 become BiPhone 7 has becomeChad iPhone 7 become DiPhone 7 had become解析：选A从时态看应该使用现在完成时，故排除C和D项；另外，soadj.放在句首，主句使用部分倒装结构，所以选A。一、基本结构参观报告类的作文要求作者把参观的整个过程都完整地叙述出来，并侧重对参观过程的所见所闻进行详细描述。一般来说，既然是参观的报告，肯定是已经发生了的事情，所以作文的主要时态应该是一般过去时态。参观报告类的作文一般采取“三段式结构”：1开头：简要说明参观的总体情况：参观的目的地、参观的时间、所见所闻

40、和遇到的人等。2主体：对整个参观的过程进行详细的描述，特别需要注意的是：(1)要以恰当合理的顺序把所看到的景物等表述出来。(2)既要描述所见还要有所感想。3结尾：对这次的参观做整体的评价。二、增分佳句1As is known to all, Changsha is a city with a long history, where there are so many places of interest.众所周知，长沙是一座历史悠久的城市，有很多名胜。2It has an area of about 10,000 square kilometres, and about 7 million p

41、eople live here.它占地1万平方千米，大约7百万人口住在这里。3It is a modern city which is developing fast.它是发展很快的现代化城市。4It is said that about hundreds of thousands of tourists come to visit our city from home and abroad.据说国内外成千上万的游客来参观我们的城市。5They say that free entrance will attract more visitors, which will no doubt cont

42、ribute to promoting knowledge and culture.他们认为门票免费会吸引更多的游客，毫无疑问，这会促进知识和文化的发展。题目要求根据下面的要点，写出参观上海的所见所闻和所感。1我和父母去了上海，很多漂亮的建筑给我留下了深刻的印象；2我们先去了美丽的黄浦江，又去了繁忙的南京路，并在那儿享受了购物的乐趣，此外我们还去了博物馆并看了一场有趣的科幻电影；3这次去上海的参观很好。注意：1.词数150左右。2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：审题构思很关键一、审题1确定体裁：本文为参观报告。2确定人称：本文应用第一人称。3确定时态：本文应以一般过去时为主。二、构思第

43、一部分：参观时间、地点及总体印象。第二部分：详述参观过程。第三部分：参观后的感受。第二步：核心词汇想周全1be_off_to动身去2impress 给留下印象3view 风景4crowded 拥挤的5have_fun 玩得高兴6unforgettable 难以忘记的第三步：由词扩句雏形现1那儿有一些漂亮的楼房，给我留下了深刻印象。(and连接并列句)There_are_some_beautiful_buildings,_and_they_impress_me_very_much.2它很长而且有一些海鸥停息在海面上。(on the surface of)It_was_long_and_some_

44、seagulls_were_resting_on_the_surface_of_the_sea.3我从没见过这么漂亮的景色。(never位于句首)Never_had_I_seen_so_beautiful_views.4我们去了南京路，街道繁忙拥挤。(which引导非限制性定语从句)We_went_to_Nanjing_Road,_which_was_very_busy_and_crowded.5我们买了一些纪念品，并且在那儿购物时，享受到了乐趣。(and连接并列句)We_bought_some_souvenirs,_and_we_had_great_fun_when_going_shoppi

45、ng_there.6我们参观了既酷又大的博物馆。We_visited_the_cool_and_big_museum.7在博物馆里，我们看了一场有趣的科幻电影。(science fiction)We_saw_an_interesting_science_fiction_movie_in_the_museum.第四步：句式升级造亮点1用which引导非限制性定语从句改写句1There_are_some_beautiful_buildings,_which_impress_me_very_much.2用现在分词作状语改写句5Having_bought_some_souvenirs,_we_had_

46、great_fun_when_going_shopping_there.3用where引导非限制性定语从句合并句6和句7We_visited_the_cool_and_big_museum,_where_we_saw_an_interesting_science_fiction_movie.第五步：过渡衔接联成篇Last week, I was off to Shanghai with my parents. Shanghai is a big city. There are some beautiful buildings, which impress me very much.Firstl

47、y, we went to the Huangpu River. It was long and some seagulls were resting on the surface of the sea. Never had I seen so beautiful views. After that, we went to Nanjing Road, which was very busy and crowded. Having bought some souvenirs, we had great fun when going shopping there. In addition, we visited the cool and big museum, where we saw an interesting science fiction movie. It was great.I love Shanghai and I enjoy my visit very much. I will never forget the unforgettable experience.