2020届高考英语江苏版二轮课件：专题四 18_考点3　信息归纳题 .pptx

1、栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训考点3 信息归纳题栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨考点3 信息归纳题 信息归纳题通常要求考生概括文章的主题或行(列)的标题。大多是归纳某一段落的大意，有时是概括全文的主旨。通常我们可以从下面的方格向上概括，或从右边的方格向左归纳。1.解此类题时一般很难从阅读材料中直接找到答案,必须根据文章内容，对句群、段落和全文进行合理的推断与归纳。2.平时注意总结、记忆高频归纳性词汇。这些词一般具有概括性，在最大程度上覆盖了栏内信息。如:主题：theme，topic，subject栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨原因：reason(for)，cause(of)

2、问题：problem，question，issue定义：definition建议：advice，suggestion，tip目的：purpose，aim，goal异同：difference，similarity利弊：benefit，advantage，disadvantage，convenience态度、观点：attitude，idea，opinion种类：kind，type，style，form栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨影响、结果：effect，influence，result，consequence方式、方法：means，way，method，solution，approac

3、h概括、总结：summary，conclusion栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨典例1 How Arts Promote Our Economy The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists,technical experts,managers,musicians,or writers to create an appealing piece of art.These people earn a living wage

4、for their pro-fessional knowledge and skills.Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come”is a misleading belief.Painters,digital media experts,photographers,栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.

5、Ac-cording to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(连锁反应)throughout a community.In 2005,when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our

6、town,thelocation was considered a poor area of town.After investing more than$1 million in reconstructing the building,we began producing a full season of theater perform-ances,jazz concerts,and year-round arts education programs in 2008.Nearly 40栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨percent of jazz lovers live outsi

7、de of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.No doubt the theater has contributed to the areas development and economic growth.Today,there are galleries,studios,restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences,where there i

8、s renewed life and energy.In this way,arts and culture also serve as a public good.TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc.made use of Bloombergs investment of$35,000 to get nearly$400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period.Further,Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce$2

9、98 forevery dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities.In Philadelphia,栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨a metro area smaller than Dallas,the arts have an economic impact of almost$3 billion and support 44,000 jobs,80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry,including accountants,mar

10、keters,construction workers,hotel managers,printers,and other kinds of art workers.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨 72 of arts promoting our economyArts activity demands a(n)73 effort.It involves creation,performance,and74 .Artists make a living through their creative work.Others get paid by marketing the event

11、.Arts have a gradually spreading75 .They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.Besides tickets,some jazz lovers will pay their76 to and from the events.Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their

12、energy.Investment in arts could produce potential 77 economic results.TeCo used a$35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of$400,000.In Dallas,one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary return of nearly$300.In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunit

13、ies for workers 78 arts industry.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨思路点拨 信息归纳题。文章的这几段从不同的角度阐述了艺术是如何促进经济发展的，体现的是不同的方式，因此用 way 的复数形式，需大写首字母。答案Ways栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨典例2 .News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can t

14、remble wildly at an axe-murder,shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane,identify himself with the winning team,laugh understandingly at a warm little story of chil-dren or dogs.News of the second kind,however,pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleas

15、antness or annoyanceas,for example,when he reads栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨of the threatening foreign situation,the mounting national debt,rising taxes,falling market,scarce housing,and cancer.It has a kind of“threat value”.It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a reader selects de

16、layed reward news,he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.When he selects news of the other kind,he usually with-draws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨What news stories do you read?72 of t

17、he two classesNews of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual73 .Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and74 similar feelings with those involved.News of delayed reward will make readers suffer,or prese

18、nt a 75 to them.News of delayed reward will induce the reader to76 for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to 77 from the reality.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训技法点拨思路点拨 根据所给段落可知，此处是解释 immediate reward 和 delayedreward。应用 explanation 的复数形式。答案Explanations栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训巩固技能练Passage 1

19、(2019江苏泰州一模)Whos Really Addicting You to Technology?“Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the Internet”,wrote Tony Schwartz in The New York Times.Its a common complaint these days.A steady stream of similar headlines accuses the Net and its offspring apps,social media sites and onli

20、ne games of addicting us to distraction.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训 Theres little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the Net has difficulty disconnecting.But whos at fault for its overuse?To find solutions,its important to understand what were dealing with.There are four parties cooperati

21、ng to keep you connected:the tech,your boss,your friends and you.The technologies themselves and their makers are the easiest suspects to blame for our distraction.Online services like Facebook,Google,Twitter and the like rely on advertising revenue,so the more frequently you use them,the more money

22、 they 栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训make.No wonder these companies employ teams of people focused on improving their services to be as attractive as possible.Good as these services are,there are simple steps we can take to keep them from coming too close.However,less than 15 percent of smartphone users are wi

23、lling to adjust their notification settingsmeaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to(默认)the app makers every preset device.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from ad-vertisers,other technologies,for example email,have no such agenda.We checkemail at all hours

24、 of the daywere obsessed,because thats what the boss wants.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训For almost all white-collar jobs,email is the primary tool of corporate communica-tion.A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.Your friends are also responsible for the ad

25、diction.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table,enjoying food and each others company.Then,during an interval in the conversation,someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.The reality is that taking ones phone out at th

26、e wrong time is more than im-polite behavior because,unlike other minor offense,checking tech is contagious(传栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训染的).Once one person looks at his phone,other people tend to do the same,start-ing a chain reaction.The technology,your boss,and your friends,all influence how often you fi

27、nd yourself using(or overusing)these gadgets.But theres still someone who deserves careful examinationthe person holding the phone.When people are doing something difficult theyd rather not do,the phone is used to transport them elsewhere.They can easily escape discomfort temporarily,by answering em

28、ail or browsing the web under the excuse of so-called“research”.The truth is that we are working unproductively out of our bad habits.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训 Personal technology is indeed more attractive than ever,which doesnt mean we shouldnt attempt to control our use of technology,instead,we should

29、come to terms with the fact that its more than the technology thats responsible for our habits.Our workplace culture,social norms and individual behavior all play a part.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训Whos Really Addicting You to Technology?A commonphenomenonMore and more people are getting addicted to some 1

30、to the Internet nowadays.Those who have difficulty disconnecting often lay 2 on the Net and its offspring apps.Four suspectsThe technologiesSome online services like Facebook are designed attractively for 3 reasons.Most people wont 4 to make any adjustment to the preset devices.Your bossEmails are w

31、idely used for communication in many companies.White-collar employees check emails hourly as a delayed response may 5 them reputation and livelihood.Your friendsA check on the phone is often taken for 6 though its sometimes impolite with friends around.One tends to 7 suit when seeing his friends sur

32、fing on the phone.You(The users)Technologies can be used as a good excuse to 8 ourselves from something boring or challenging.Some bad habits as well as technologies give 9 to our distraction.ConclusionTechnology 10 is not the root of the problem,as many other factors also play a part.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪

33、集训跟踪集训答案语篇解读 短文阐述了让人们沉迷于科技的几个因素。除了技术本身以外，还有很多因素造成我们沉迷于科技。1.extent/degree 根据第一段第一句的 Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the Internet 可知，几乎我认识的每个人在某种程度上都对互联网上瘾。原文用了 in some measure 在某种程度上，此处空前用了介词To，构成 to some extent/degree。2.blame 根据第一段第三句 A steady stream of similar headlines accuse

34、s the Net and its offspring apps,social media sites and online games of addicting us to 栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训distraction.可知，不断有类似的头条新闻指责网络及其不断出现的应用程序、社交媒体网站和网络游戏让我们沉迷科技，让我们分心。原文中的 accuse 相当于 lay blame on 把某事归咎于，故填 blame。3.economic/financial 根据第三段第二句 Online services like Facebook,Google,Twitter and th

35、e like rely on advertising revenue,so the more frequently you use them,the more money they make.可知，脸书、谷歌、推特等在线服务依赖广告收入，所以你使用它们的频率越高,它们赚的钱就越多。由此可见，它们设计得有吸引力是出于经济的原因。故填 economic/financial。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训4.bother 根据第四段最后一句.meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to(默认)the app makersevery pr

36、eset device.可知，剩下的85%的智能手机用户默认应用程序制造商的所有预设设备，即不愿意麻烦去做调整，bother to do sth.烦扰做某事，符合语境，故填 bother。5.cost 根据第五段最后两句 For almost all white-collar jobs,email is the primary tool of corporate communication.A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.可知，对于几乎所有的白领工

37、作者来说，电子邮件是公司沟通的主要工具。信息回复不及时不仅会损害名誉，还会毁了生计。cost sb.sth.使某人丧失，符合语境，故填 cost。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训6.granted 根据第六段倒数第一、二句 Then,during an interval in the conver-sation,someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.可知，在谈话的间隙，有人就拿出手机查看手机上的内容。几乎没人注意到，也没人说什

38、么。由此可见，查看手机被认为是理所当然的。take sth.for granted 认为某事理所当然，符合语境，故填granted。7.follow 根据第七段最后一句 Once one person looks at his phone,other people tend to do the same,starting a chain reaction.可知，一旦一个人看手机，其他人也倾向于看手机，从而引发连锁反应。即其他人会效仿，follow suit 效仿，符合语境，故填 follow。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训8.free/liberate/release 根据第九段第一

39、、二句 When people are doing some-thing difficult theyd rather not do,the phone is used to transport them elsewhere.They can easily escape discomfort temporarily,by answering email or browsing the web under the excuse of so-called“research”.可知，当人们在做一些他们不愿意做的困难的事情时，手机是用来把他们注意力转移到其他地方的工具。他们可以以所谓的“研究”为借口,

40、通过回复电子邮件或浏览网页,轻松地暂时摆脱不适。free/liberate/release sb.from sth.使某人摆脱/从中释放出来，符合语境，故填 free/liberate/release。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训9.rise/birth 根据第九段最后一句 The truth is that we are working unproductively out of our bad habits.可知，事实上，我们工作效率低下就是因为我们的坏习惯，即坏习惯导致分心，give birth/rise to 引起，使发生，符合语境，故填，rise/birth。10.alo

41、ne/itself根据最后一段的.instead,we should come to terms with the fact that its more than the technology thats responsible for our habits.Our workplace culture,social norms and individual behavior all play a part.可知，我们应该接受这样一个事实，那就是我们的习惯不仅仅是由技术造成的，我们的职场文化、社会规范和个人活动方式都起到了一定的作用。也就是说技术不是问题的根源,sth.alone/itself单

42、单某物;某物本身,符合语境,故填alone/itself。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训Passage 2(2019江苏苏北七市二模)One of the primary problems of being a human being is:Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others,people often perceive(理解)you in an al-together different way.One person may think,for example,that by offering help

43、 to a colleague,she is coming across as generous.But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities.Just as he misunderstands her,she misunderstands him:She offered him help because she thought he was overworked and stressed.He has,after all,been showing up early to work a

44、nd going home late every day.But thats not 栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训why hes keeping strange hours;he just works best when the office is less crowded.These kinds of misunderstandings lead to conflict and resentment(怨恨)not just at work,but at home too.How many fights between couples have started with one p

45、erson misinterpreting what another says and does?He stares at his plate at dinner while shes telling a story and she assumes he doesnt care about what shes saying,when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.Most of the time,Halvorson says,people dont realize they are not coming across the

46、 way they think they are.“If I ask you,”Halvorson told me,“abouthow you see yourselfwhat traits(特点)you would say to describe yourselfand栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits,theres a big gap between how other people see you and how you see yourself.”This gap arises

47、 from some quirks(怪癖)of human psychology.Most people suffer from what psychologists call“the transparency illusion”the belief that what they feel,desire,and intend is crystal clear to others,even though they havedone very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.Because the

48、perceived assume they are transparent,they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional 栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训states as they could be,giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment.The perceiver,meanwhile,is

49、 dealing with two pow-erful psychological forces that are warping(歪曲)his ability to read others accu-rately.The chances are your“Im kind of hurt by what you just said”face probably looks an awful lot like your“Im not at all hurt by what you just said”face.And the majority of times that youve said to

50、 yourself,“I made my intentions clear”,or“He knows what I meant,”you didnt and he doesnt.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训Passage outline Supporting details A primary ProblemPeoples understanding of your behavior often 1 your original intention.Typical2 A colleague may feel you dont 3 him to work well when you o

51、ffer generous help.You think your colleague overworks,but he believes he can be more 4 when there are few people in the office.A wife may feel angry about her husband being absent-minded while she is telling a story at dinner,but actually his5 is on what she has cooked.6 of the problemMost of the ti

52、me,people dont realize the problem.Your 7 of your traits is quite different from how others see you.Most people believe others know them well,so they tend to ignore the clear 8 of what is going on inside their minds.Without enough information about the perceived,the perceiver often 9 to make an accu

53、rate judgment.ConclusionIt is likely that there is a 10 between what you think you are and what others think you are.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训答案语篇解读 本文为议论文。作为一个人，最主要的问题之一就是：尽管你可能会以一种特定的方式来理解你，但人们通常会以一种完全不同的方式来理解自己。文章论述了这一现象。1.contradicts 根据第一段中的Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others,p

54、eople often perceive you in an altogether different way.可知，人们对你的理解和你希望他们对你自己的理解完全不一样，即两者是不一致的。原文中用了 in an altogether different way，此处需要用及物动词，故填 contradicts。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训2.examples 该空对应的右栏内容都是论证核心论点的案例。故填 examples。3.trust 根据第二段第二句 But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in

55、 his abilities.可知，她主动提出帮忙,可能会被同事误解成对他能力的质、疑，即不信任他。原文用了 a lack of faith，此处需用动词。故填 trust。4.efficient/productive 根据第二段最后一句.he just works best when the office is less crowded.可知，他早上班晚下班是因为他觉得自己在办公室人少的时候工作效率是最高的。故填 efficient/productive。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训5.attention/focus/concentration/mind 根据第三段最后一句 He

56、 stares at his plate at dinner.he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.可知，其实丈夫的心思在妻子做的晚餐上。形容词性物主代词后跟名词。故填 attention/focus/concentration/mind。6.Analysis/Analyses/Explanation(s)此处应填一个总结概括性词汇。右栏内容是对问题的分析或解释。故填Analysis/Analyses/Explanation(s)。注意首字母大写。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训7.description/account/understa

57、nding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension 根据第四段中的 what traits you would say to describe yourself可知，你对自己特点的描述和别人对你的特点的描述是相当不同的。原文用了动词 describe，此处在形容词性物主代词后要用名词 description，也可用其同义词 account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension。munication 根据第五段中的.even though they have done very little to co

58、mmunicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.可知，人们往往有一种错觉：即使他们不说出来自己的感觉、愿望及意图，别人也知道，原文用了communicate clearly，此处在形容词 clear 后，应用名词，故填communication。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训9.fails 根据第六段第一句.they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional sta

59、tes as they could be,giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment.可知，被理解的人认为自己是透明的，不需要花时间或精力来阐述自己的意图或情感状况，这样给理解你的人的信息太少，以至于他们不能做出准确判断。fail to do sth.不能做某事。主语为单数，谓语动词要用单数。故填fails。10.gap/distance/difference/distinction 根据第一段中 people often perceive you in an alto

60、gether different way及最后一段内容可知，你传达的信息和接受者接收到的信息存在着巨大的差异，故填gap/distance/difference/distinction。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训拓展提升练Passage 1(2019江苏苏北七市三模)How many cabs in New York City?How many tears in a bottle of wine?These arent just the lyrics(歌词)by the Australian musician Paul Kelly.They are the kind of que

61、stions you are likely to be asked during a job interview.In recent years,it has become common for bosses to ask interview questions that are impossible to answer.There is no right answer to these“brain-teasers”.Instead,they are supposed to help an interviewer calculate an applicants ability to reaso

62、n.What matters is how you come to the conclusion,not what conclusion you arrive at.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训 Brain-teasers started out in management consultancies.Young graduateshoping to join the company would be asked:“How many phone booths are there in Manhattan?”They werent expected to blurt out(脱口而出

63、)a random numberinstead,they were expected to show they could solve even the most stupid pro-blem.As consultants swarmed across other organizations,they bought their inscrutable(难以理解的)questions with them.Now,people applying for a job in a call centre can expect to be asked how a nuclear power plant

64、works.While many bosses have great confidence in how good or effective brain-teasers 栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训are,a research paper published in the Journal of Applied Psychology found they are useless for spotting the best candidate for the job.What they are great for is to make employers feel like intel

65、lectual giants.The studys findings are not surprising.Studies have repeatedly found that most methods of selecting job candidates are hopelessly flawed(有缺点的).Job inter-views are among the worst ways of picking the right person for the job.The results of this research raise the question:If interviews

66、 are bad at picking the right person for the job,what are they there for?One feeling I have is that many job selection processes are thinly disguised(伪装的)forms of suffering,designed栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训to make applicants feel worthless and boost the confidence of the person asking the question.Think

67、about the extensive list of personal skills required for even the most entry-level job.Or those painful assessment centres where you are supposed to play nice with people you are competing against to get the job.And then there are the firms that ask applicants to make a presentation to convey how aw

68、esome the firms are.All these exercises seem to be designed not to get the best person for the role,but to assure the bosses how great they are,and remind you just how lucky you will be to get this boring job.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训Passage outlineSupporting detailsIntroduction to brain-teasersThey are

69、widely used in job interviews and the answers are 1 to interpretation.They focus more on an applicants 2 skills rather than the outcomes.The3 and popularity of brain-teasersThey started out in management consultancies and spread to other organizations.Nowadays,a job applicant is often asked question

70、s 4 to the job one applies for.Research findings5 to popular belief of the bosses,brain-teasers are actually useless for selecting candidates.They are just meant to show off the 6 of the employers.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训In-depth analysisMany job selection processes make job applicants have a poor 7 of

71、themselves and the employers more confident.Some job applicants are asked to show skills,some of which are 8 the requirements of a certain occupation.In some assessment centres,job applicants are required to play nice with their 9 .Some job applicants are supposed to make a presentation to 10 the fi

72、rms.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训答案语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。很多公司经常用脑筋急转弯作为面试问题，并认为这有利于找到合适的工作人选。而研究结果恰恰与之相反，脑筋急转弯对公司找到合适的人选没有作用，这只是考官或老板炫耀的方式而已。1.open/left 根据第二段第二句 There is no right answer to these“brain-teasers”.可知，这些脑筋急转弯题是没有正确答案的。故填 open 或 left。2.reasoning 根据第二段第三句 Instead,they are supposed to help an interviewer c

73、alculate an applicants ability to reason.可知,这些脑筋急转弯有利于考查求职者的推理能力。the ability to reason=the reasoning ability推理能力,故填reasoning。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训3.origin/beginning/start 根据第三段第一句 Brain-teasers started out in man-agement consultancies.可见，文章的这部分讲述的是脑筋急转弯的起源或开始。故填origin、beginning或start。4.irrelevant/unr

74、elated/unconnected 根据第三段第二句 Young graduates hoping to join the company would be asked:“How many phone booths are there in Man-hattan?”可知，该问题与应聘者想要应聘的工作是毫无关系的。故填irrelevant、unrelated或unconnected。5.Contrary 根据第五段第一句 While many bosses have great confidence in how good or effective brain-teasers are,a re

75、search paper published in the Journal of栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训Applied Psychology found they are useless for spotting the best candidate for the job.可知，尽管很多老板对脑筋急转弯的作用非常有信心，但是研究表明这对于找到最好的工作人选是没有作用的。由此可见，这与老板们所相信的是相反的。故填 Contrary。注意大写首字母。6.intelligence/wisdom/knowledge/greatness/excellence 根据第五段最后一句What

76、 they are great for is to make employers feel like intellectual giants.可知，脑筋急转弯的好处只是让雇主感觉他们像是智力巨人。即脑筋急转弯只是雇主炫耀智商、知识、伟大或优秀的手段而已。故填 intelligence、wisdom、know-ledge、greatness或excellence。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训7.assessment/evaluation/opinion/image 根据第七段最后一句中的 make appli-cants feel worthless可知，在作者看来，许多岗位招聘的过

77、程让应聘者感觉自己毫无价值，即让应聘者对自己的评价过低、认为自己很差或认为自己形象不好。assessment与evaluation同义；另外have a poor opinion/image of oneself 认为自己差/认为自己有个不好的形象，都符合语境，故填assessment、evaluation、opinion或image。8.beyond 根据最后一段第一句Think about the extensive list of personal skills required for even the most entry-level job.可知，对于最入门级的工作，公司也要让应聘

78、者大量列举个人才能。其实这些才能已经超过了这个工作的要求。beyond the requirements of.超过的要求,故填beyond。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训petitors/rivals/opponents 根据最后一段第二句Or those painful assessmentcentres where you are supposed to play nice with people you are competing against to get the job.可知,为了得到这份工作,你要看似友好地和你的对手竞争。people you are competin

79、g against就是指你的竞争对手,故填competitors、rivals或oppon-ents。注意用名词的复数形式。10.praise/applaud 根据最后一段第三句And then there are the firms that ask applicants to make a presentation to convey how awesome the firms are.可知,还有些公司要求应聘者表达这些公司是有多么好,即称赞这些公司,故填praise或applaud。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训Passage 2(2018第一次全国大联考江苏卷)Rosetta

80、 StoneThe Rosetta Stone is an incomplete grey and pink stone dating from 196 BCE which presents a priests decree(法令)concerning King Ptolemy V of Egypt.The text is in three different versions:Hieroglyphic(象形文字),Demotic(古埃及通俗文字)and Greek,a fact which invaluably helped to finally explain Egyptian hiero

81、glyphics.The stone was discovered at Rosetta on the Nile Delta in Egypt in 1799 CE by Bouchard,who was an officer of engineers in Napoleons army,and removed the 栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训stone from an old wall which was being pulled down as part of the construction work on Fort Julien.Bouchards commanding

82、 officer,one General Menou,real-izing its importance,had the stone sent to Alexandria.Casts and copies were made,but the stone was later seized by the British general Tomkins Turner and so the artefact eventually found a permanent home in the British Museum in London.Several noted international scho

83、lars attempted to use the stone to explain hieroglyphics,but it was the Englishman Thomas Young who first identified some of the hieroglyphs which related to Ptolemy V(205180 BCE)and the direction in栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训which the symbols should be read.However,it was in the early 1820s CE that the te

84、xt was fully explained by Frenchmen.Consequently,the full significance ofEgyptian hieroglyphs,lost for 1,600 years,was finally rediscovered.The stone measures 112.3 cm by 75.7 cm and is 28.4 cm thick.The text on the stone is composed of a hieroglyphic text of 14 lines,a demotic text of 32 lines and

85、a Greek text of 54 lines.As portions of the stone are missingespecially the two top corners and bottom right cornernone of the texts are complete.Hieroglyphs were the language of Egyptian priests,Demotic script was the commonly used language and Greek was used for administrative purposes.The text of

86、 all the three writing 栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训systems refers to a decree passed by a priestly council of Memphis which proves to be their admiring King Ptolemy V of Egypt,one year after his coronation(加冕).The text of the stone begins with a lengthy praise of the achievements and good rule of Ptolemy V.

87、We are told the king has brought great prosperity to Egypt and he has invested large sums of money on temples,both building new ones and restoring old ones,and he has provided grain for the people.Taxes have been reduced or elim-inated,and many prisoners who were previously considered enemies of the

88、 state have been released during his reign.The king has also put down Egypts enemies,栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训and a specific campaign against an enemy fortress(堡垒)is mentioned,the fall of which was due to canals being held back to block the citys water supply.Tohonour all of these deeds,a statue of the k

89、ing wearing ten gold diadems is to be set up in all temples titled“Ptolemy Defender of Egypt”.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训Rosetta StoneDefinitionThe stone has a1 of 2,214 years,on which there was an order made by the priest in three 2.RecoveryThe stone was removed from an old wall by a3 officer of engineers

90、,4 commanding officer sensed its significance.But now the stone is housed in 5.Because of the stone,people discovered again the importance of Egyptian hieroglyphs which has6 for 1,600 years.PropertiesThe7 of the stone are 112.3 cm by 75.7 cm and it is 28.4 cm thick.With the two top corners and botto

91、m right corner 8,the stone is incomplete.9 The text of the stone is mainly in praise of Ptolemy V.The fall of the enemy city was for10 of water supply.栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训答案语篇解读 本文为说明文,主要涉及见证古代文明的罗塞塔石碑,该石碑是由牧师们建的,其内容是为埃及国王Ptolemy V歌功颂德的,该石碑的发现对于研究象形文字具有极大的作用。1.history 根据第一段第一句中的“The Rosetta Stone is

92、 an incomplete grey and pink stone dating from 196 BCE”可知该石碑具有2,214年的历史。2.languages/versions 根据第一段第二句中的“The text is in three different versions:Hieroglyphic(象形文字),Demotic(古埃及通俗文字)and Greek”可知答案。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训3.French 根据第二段中的“.who was an officer of engineers in Napoleons army.”中的拿破仑可知,是法国人。4.wh

93、ose 根据第二段第二句“Bouchards commanding officer,one General Menou,realizing its importance,had the stone sent to Alexandria.”可知两人之间的关系,故填whose。5.London/Britain 根据第二段最后一句的“.and so the artefact eventually found a permanent home in the British Museum in London”可知答案。6.disappeared 根据第三段最后一句“Consequently,the fu

94、ll significance of Egyptian hieroglyphs,lost for 1,600 years,was finally rediscovered.”中的lost可知此处填disappeared。栏目索引高考导航技法点拨跟踪集训跟踪集训7.measurements 根据第四段第一句“The stone measures 112.3 cm by 75.7 cm and is 28.4 cm thick.”中的动词measure可知这是石碑的尺寸,故用名词形式,再根据后面的系动词are,可知用复数形式。8.missing/lost 根据第四段第三句“As portions of the stone are missingespecial-ly the two top corners and bottom right cornernone of the texts are complete.”中的missing可知答案。9.Text信息归纳题。根据右栏内容可知此处涉及石碑上的文字内容,故用Text。10.lack 根据最后一段中的“.the fall of which was due to canals being held back to block the citys water supply.”可知敌方城市的沦陷是因为运河被阻挡,切断了敌人的水资源供应。