2022年新教材高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 语法专项提升 语法专题六 动词的时态和语态课件 新人教版.pptx

1、语法专项提升语法专题六 动词的时态和语态英语2022高 中 总 复 习 优 化 设 计GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内 容 索 引核心考点分层突破专项训练巩固提升核心考点分层突破高考链接1.(2020全国,语篇填空)The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess(touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.(2020全国,语篇填空)This really exci

2、tes scientists.because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon_(construct).touched 分析句子成分可知,主语为The unmanned Change-4 probe,设空处为谓语动词,根据空后的last week可知,此处应用一般过去时。is constructed 分析句子结构可知,moon与动词construct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。3.(2020全国,语篇填空)The artist was sure he would(choose),b

3、ut when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister,the old man laughed.4.(2020山东,语篇填空)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,(form)the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.be chosen would后需跟动词原形,主语he与谓语动词choose之间是动宾关系,故用bechosen。formed The 8

4、0,000 objects为句子的主语,根据后面的时间状语判断,应使用一般过去时态。5.(2020山东,语篇填空)The parts of a museum open to the public_(call)galleries or rooms.6.(2020天津,单项填空)You are a great swimmer.Thanks.Its because I(practise)a lot these days.are called此处叙述一般事实,主语核心名词The parts与后面动词call之间构成动宾关系,故用被动语态。have been practicing 句意:你游泳很棒。谢谢

5、。那是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据句意并结合时间状语these days可知,此处应该用现在完成进行时。7.(2019全国,语篇填空)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing.8.(2019全国,语篇填空)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene(declare

6、)she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.have reported 根据句中的时间状语In recent years可知,谓语动词要用现在完成时,主语是复数,所以填have reported。declared 根据下文的“she had no plans.”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。9.(2018全国,语篇填空)Since 2011,the country(grow)more corn than rice.10.(2018全国,语篇填空)True to a gorillas unaggress

7、ive nature,the huge animal(mean)me no real harm.has grown根据时间状语Since 2011可知,句子要用现在完成时,主语是the country,故谓语动词用单数形式。meant分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少谓语,由于讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以要用一般过去时。考点归纳考点一一般现在时1.一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式一般由动词原形后加-s或-es构成。其变化规则如下:情况变化规则例词一般情况直接加-sworkworkslearnlearnscomecomesplayplayswan

8、twantsneedneeds2.表示习惯性、经常性、现在反复出现的动作或状态。He goes to school every day.他每天去上学。(经常性动作)He is very happy.他很高兴。(现在的状态)3.表示永恒的状态或真理。“Life is like walking in the snow,”Granny used to say,“because every step shows.”祖母过去常说:“人生就像在雪中行走,因为每一步都会留下痕迹。”The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动

9、词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时,而不用将来时。When I have time,Ill go.我有时间就去。Unless some extra money is found,the theatre will close.除非能再弄到些钱,否则剧院将关闭。5.时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So what is the procedure?All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.那程序是怎么安排的呢

10、?在职权部门做最后的决定之前所有的申请人都要参加面试。The train leaves at 8 oclock.火车将于8点钟发车。考点二一般将来时1.will表示将来的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。It is reported that a new space station will be built in years to come.据报道在以后的几年里要建一个新的空间站。Fish will die without water.鱼离开水就会死掉。2.be going to(1)表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事。We are going to have a meeting toda

11、y.今天我们要开个会。(2)表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事。It is going to rain.天要下雨了。3.be to(1)表示预先安排好的计划或约定。Are we to go on with this work?我们要继续这项工作吗?(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等。We are to take care of the children.我们应该照顾好孩子们。(3)表示注定要发生的事情。Her plan is to be a failure.她的计划注定要失败。4.be about to表示即将发生的动作,不与具体的时间状语连用,可与when引导的时间状语

12、从句连用。The plane is about to leave.飞机即将起飞。5.will与be going to的区别will多表示说话时才做出的决定,或临时决定做某事。be going to表示事先经过考虑或做好安排将要做某事。What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute,I will check it for you.现在几点了?我不知道。但是稍等一会儿,我帮你确认一下。考点三一般过去时1.一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式表示。规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加-ed构成,其变化规则如下:2.表示过去时间内发生的动作,或者过去反

13、复发生的动作。Finally he reached a beautiful island which was covered with red flowers and green grass.最后他到了一座美丽的岛屿,那里到处是红花绿草。Havent seen you for ages!Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.很长时间没有见你了!你去哪儿了?我去宁夏待了一年,作为一个志愿者在那里教学。I read several of Mo Yans

14、works when I was studying abroad.我在国外学习的时候读了莫言的好几部作品。考点四现在进行时1.现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成形式为:am/is/are+动词-ing。动词-ing形式的变化规则如下:情况变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加-ingworkworkinglooklookingstudystudying以不发音的e结尾的动词 去e再加-inghavehavingfacefacingtaketakingwritewriting以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写该辅音字母再加-ingcutcuttingputputtingswimswimm

15、ingbeginbeginning以-ie结尾的动词变ie为y再加-inglielyingtietyingdiedying2.由“be+动词-ing形式”构成,表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。Hi,lets go skating!Sorry,Im busy right now.I am filling in an application form for a new job.嗨,我们去滑冰吧!很抱歉,我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表格。3.go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet等动词用于现在进行时中表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。Im

16、leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天我要到北京去。4.与always,constantly,forever,continually,all the time 等连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感情色彩。He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。5.进行时有时可表示渐变过程。His health is improving every day.他的健康状况每天都有好转。6.下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,believe,want,min

17、d,wish,agree,mean,need等。(2)表示存在的状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。(3)表示短暂性、一次性动作的动词:allow,accept,remember,permit,promise,admit,complete等。(4)感官动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。考点五现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成。其使用通常有两种情况:1.所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响,句中没有具体的时间状语。Oh,no!Were too late.The trai

18、n has left.Thats OK.Well catch the next train to London.哦!不!我们太晚了。火车已经开走了。没关系。我们将乘坐下一列通往伦敦的火车。2.现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常与for.和 since.等表示一段时间的状语或 so far等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。In the last few years,China has made great achievements in environmental protection.在过去的几年中,中国在环境保护方面取得了重大成就。Have you heard

19、 of the accident on this road last night?Yes.And there have been three accidents here so far this year.昨天晚上这条公路上发生的事故你听说了吗?听说了。今年到现在为止这里已经发生三起事故了。注意有些表示短暂性动作的词,如 come,go,die,marry,buy等用于完成时中不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。3.还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作,强调此动作先于主句动作发生。Ill go to your home when I have finished my

20、 homework.我做完了作业就去你家。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公交车停稳才能下车。考点六过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,或者过去某个阶段正在做的事情。She was phoning someone,so I nodded to her and went away.她当时正在给别人打电话,因此我朝她点了一下头就走开了。In 1980 he was studying in a university.1980年时,他正在一所大学里学习。考点七过去将来时表示从过去就预计要发生的动作或者存在的状态,这种时态常用于宾语从句中,主句

21、常用一般过去时。We never imagined that John would become a doctor.我们从未想过约翰会成为一名医生。James has just arrived,but I didnt know he was coming until yesterday.詹姆斯刚到,但直到昨天我才知道他要来。考点八过去完成时1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已发生的动作,也可以表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去的另一时间,即“过去的过去”。I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when

22、 I arrived.我发现我听不懂这个讲座,因为我来的时候它已经开始了。2.表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式表示,即:hoped/planned.+to have done。I had hoped to send him a postcard,but I forgot to do so.我本来想寄给他一张明信片,但我忘了。考点九现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+动词-ing形式”构成,用来表示从过去某一时

23、刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作,它具备“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the programme since 9 am.自从上午9点,经理就一直在跟工人们讲如何改进这个项目。It has been raining for 2 days.雨已经下了两天了。(表达说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)考点十几组时态的区别1.一般过去时与现在完成时时间上有差异:凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,不能用完成时,如含有ago,last year,just now,the other day。

24、结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系。I came to Beijing last year,and have been here since then.我去年来的北京,自从那时起我一直在这里。2.一般过去时与过去完成时这两个时态都和现在没有关系,都表示过去的动作。但一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作;而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作。When I got to the party,many of them had

25、left for home.当我到达晚会的时候,他们中的许多人已经离开回家了。3.一般过去时与过去进行时尽管二者所表示的动作都发生在过去。但一般过去时着重强调过去的动作,表示已经结束;而过去进行时仅表示过去某一时间点,一个动作正在进行,有什么样的结果不得而知。He wrote three letters last night.他昨晚写了三封信。(表示他写了三封信,暗指都已写完)He was writing a letter at 9:00 last night.昨晚九点,他正在写信。(表示当时他在写信,后来是否写完就未知了)4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时(1)现在完成时强调的是动作已完成,着重

26、结果;现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作,这个动作仍在继续,强调动作的持续性。I have painted my new house.我已经给我的新房子上完漆了。(强调已完成)I have been painting my new house.我一直在给我的新房子上漆。(强调动作还在继续)(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复,现在完成时一般不表示反复性。Have you been meeting our teacher these days?这些天来你一直见到我们的老师吗?(强调动作的反复)Have you met our teacher recently?近来你见过我们的老师吗?(强调结

27、果)考点十一固定结构中的时态1.hardly.when.,no sooner.than.句型中,主句中用过去完成时,从句中用一般过去时。Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.我刚一开门,汤姆就进来了。2.since,in the last/past+一段时间,so far,recently等常与现在完成时搭配。Great changes have taken place in our country in the last few years.我们国家过去的几年发生了巨大的变化。3.This/That/It is/was the first

28、/second.time+that从句,若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时。This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.这是我们全家人第一次一起到电影院看电影。4.“by+时间状语”要与完成时搭配使用。You will have learned about 3,000 words by the end of next month.到下月底你(们)将已学习3 000个单词。5.It+be.before.“要过才”或“在以后才”。在这个句型中,若b

29、e动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时。Im sorry youve been waiting so long,but itll still be some time before Brian gets back.很抱歉让你等了这么久,但布莱恩还要过段时间才能回来。6.was/were about to do.when.在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式。I was about to leave when he came in.我正要离开这时他进来了。考点十二 主动语态表示被动意义1.表示状态特征的系动词,如lo

30、ok,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear等构成的系表结构。The soup smells good but tastes terrible.这汤闻起来香但尝起来不好。2.表示主语的某种属性、特征的动词,如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,shut。This kind of material washes easily.这种布料容易洗。3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run等。The shop closes at 6 pm every day.这家商店

31、每天下午六点关门。考点十三动词的被动语态语态说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,所以只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.在过去的这些年里,莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。In some parts of the world,tea is serv

32、ed with milk and sugar.在世界的一些地方,茶被提供的时候会加牛奶和糖。几种特殊形式的被动结构:1.“be+过去分词+不定式”形式的被动结构He is reported to have broken a world record.据报道,他打破了一项世界纪录。2.“It+be+过去分词+从句”形式的被动结构Its said that they have discovered a new star.据说他们发现了一颗新星。3.“get+done”构成的被动结构get married 结婚;get hurt 受伤;get lost 迷路;get caught/stuck/tra

33、pped 被困专项训练巩固提升.单句语法填空1.(2020广西南宁高三二模)At 14 he(admit)into the University of Science and Technology of Chinas School of the Gifted Young,a special school to cultivate teenagers into world-class talents.2.(2020湖北八校高三第二次联考)In the UK,about 542,000 people(choose)veganism over the past decade.was admitted

34、根据At 14判断该动作发生在过去,又因he和admit之间为动宾关系,故用was admitted。have chosen根据时间状语over the past decade判断,该句用现在完成时。3.(2020山东省山师附中模拟)Shen Jinyun,born in 1935,a famous expert in pediatric(儿科哮喘)(treat)about 30,000 patients suffering asthma so far.4.(2020浙江宁波高三5月模拟)Harvey and Thompson(be)in contact with each other eve

35、r since.has treated 根据时间状语so far判断,该句用现在完成时。have been 根据时间状语ever since判断,该句用现在完成时。5.(2019天津,单项填空)I(hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it.had hoped 句意:我本来希望给彼得寄一份礼物祝贺他结婚的,但是我没能寄成。过去没寄出礼物,希望是在此之前想的,表示过去的过去用过去完成时。6.(2019江苏,单项填空)A few months after he had a

36、rrived in China,Mr.Smith(fall)in love with the people and culture there.fell 句意:史密斯先生来到中国几个月之后,他爱上了那里的人们和文化。状语从句使用了过去完成时,此处应该使用一般过去时。7.(2019江苏,单项填空)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have(install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.been installed 句意:为了北京的冬奥会,他们正在努力确保2022年之前安装好5G

37、终端。根据时间状语by 2022可知,此处用将来完成时。install和5G terminals是动宾关系,所以用被动语态。8.(2018北京朝阳3月模考)I think Ana(finish)her packing since she started getting things ready early this morning.has finished 句意:我认为安娜打包完了,因为她今天早晨就开始准备。根据句意以及since可知,要用现在完成时。9.In other parts of the country including Beijing,however,it(know)as“qip

38、ao”,which has a history behind it.10.Oh,Kay,so-and-so was here yesterday.She(be)just“the salt of the earth”,isnt she?is known 此处是对客观情况的一般性描述,应用一般现在时;it与know之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。is由附加问句isnt she可知,此处应用is。11.The build-up was exciting as everywhere(decorate)with red.12.She(nod)and said,“Yes,you.”was deco

39、rated主句用了一般过去时,故从句也应用一般过去时。decorate与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。nodded根据该句中的said可知,这里是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。13.In the US high school,everything(record)and graded,including your grades on quizzes,tests and final examinations.is recordedeverything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且表示客观情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态,即is recorded,与graded呼应。14

40、.Over the years,rules(work)out to guarantee safety and fairness.have been worked over the years“在过去的几年里”,常与现在完成时连用;rules与work out为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。15.It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen(carry)out on a bike.are carried work trips与carry out存在逻辑上的动宾关系,空处应用被动语态;根据文章的整体时

41、态可知,空处应用一般现在时;由“a third of all work trips”可知,空处应填are carried。16.When fat and salt(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.are removed remove是及物动词,与fat and salt有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用被动语态;由下文tastes可知用一般现在时;又因为主语是fat and salt,故填are removed。17.Steam engines(use)to pull the carriages and it

42、 must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.18.Later,engineers(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.were used use和Steam engines之间为动宾关系,此处是讲述过去的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。managed 根据后面的became可知,这里用一般过去时。19.Sarah(tell)th

43、at she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.20.Truly elegant chopsticks might(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.has been told/was told 根据句意可知用现在完成时或一般过去时的被动形式,故填has been told或was told。be made句意:真正精致的筷子可能是由金银制成,并刻有汉字。筷子是被制作的,应该用被动语态,在情态动词might后用动词原

44、形,故用be made。.完成句子1.(学生表现出他们的恐惧)and teachers and parents also expressed their great concern about it.2.Peter went to the library after breakfast and_(从那以后就一直在那儿写论文).3.Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because(那时她将正在做讲座).4.Despite the previous rounds of talks,_(到目前为止双方还没达成协议).5.(

45、更多的公路已经建成)in Sichuan Province in recent years to promote the development of local economy.Students showed their fear has been writing his essay thereever since she will be giving a lecture at that time no agreement has been reached bythe two sides so far More highways have been completed 6.About Chi

46、na,the most frequently used word by people is“exciting”,since the country(每天都在发生巨大变化).7.The Small Goose Pagoda in Xian,one of the 22 Silk Road relics located in China,(追溯到中国的唐朝).8.You seem to be familiar with this city.(我在这儿生活了四年了).It is great to be back.9.It is true that the Internet_(已经改变了我们工作和交流的方式).10.In the traditional Chinese lunar year,(每年都被赋予一个名字)of 12 kinds of animals.is changing greatly every day dates from/back to the Tang Dynasty of China I have been living here for four years has changed the way we work and communicate each year is given a name