2019版高考英语大一轮复习备考人教全国版讲义:BOOK 1 UNIT 2 WORD版含答案.docx
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1、.核心必记单词1.native adj.本国的;本地的;n.本国人;本地人2.actually adv.事实上;实际上3.base vt.以为根据;n.基部;基础;基地basic adj.基础的basis n.基础;基部;基准4.vocabulary n.词汇;词汇量;词表5.latter adj.较后的;(两者中)后者的;后半的;n.后者former adj.以前的;n.前者mand n.& vt.命令;指令;掌握commanding adj.威严的;指挥的7.request n.& vt.请求;要求8.expression n.词语;表示;表达express vt.表示;表达9.recog
2、nize vt.辨认出;承认;公认recognition n.识别;承认;赞誉10.straight adv.直接;挺直;adj.直的;笔直的;正直的.阅读识记单词11.official adj.官方的;正式的;公务的12.voyage n.航行;航海13.apartment n.公寓住宅;单元住宅14.gradual adj.逐渐的;逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地15.enrich v.使富裕;充实;改善rich adj.富有的16.spelling n.拼写;拼法spell vt.拼写17.identity n.本身;本体;身份identify v.确认;识别18.flu
3、ent adj.流利的;流畅的fluently adv.流利地;流畅地fluence n.流利;流畅19.frequent adj.频繁的;常见的frequently adv.常常;频繁地20.block n.街区;块;木块;石块语境活用用所给词的正确形式填空1.“I dont understand,” he said,with an expression(express) of complete surprise on his face.2.My computer has a program which corrects my spelling(spell).3.When he return
4、ed to his hometown after the war,he found it had changed beyond all recognition(recognize).4.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic(base) part of communicating among people.(2016全国)5.However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently(f
5、requent).(2016全国)6.Right now youre in a more commanding(command) position than you have been for ages.7.With a sinking feeling,he realized that he actually(actual) enjoyed doing it.(2017江苏)8.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify(identity) the baby birds which fit the environment better.9
6、.I went to a workshop and gradually(gradual) got good at making things with clay(黏土).(2016天津)10.Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students attention to speaking more fluently(fluent).(2015安徽)1.常见的形容词和副词同形的单词(1)straight adj.& adv.直的(地)(2)fast adj.& adv.快的(地)(3)far adj.& adv.远的(地)(4
7、)pretty adj.漂亮的;adv.相当地;很;非常(5)well adj.健康的;adv.好2.en前后缀构成的动词(1)enrich v.使富裕;充实(2)enlarge v.扩大;使增大(3)encourage v.鼓励(4)sharpen v.削尖;使锐利(5)strengthen v.加强;使变强3.“旅行”家族(1)voyage 航行;航海(2)tour (观光)旅行(3)travel 旅行(4)trip (短途)旅行;外出(5)journey (长途) 旅行(6)outing 远足1.more than超过;非常;不只是;不仅是2.because of由于;因为e up走近;
8、提出;上来4.base.on/upon以为基础/根据5.at present目前;现在6.make use of利用;使用7.such as例如;像这种的8.leave for动身去9.believe it or not信不信由你10.play a part (in)扮演一个角色;参与语境活用用上述黑体短语的正确形式填空1.By last year,the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.(2017全国)2.By focusing on saving oil,water,paper,food,and c
9、lothing,we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.3.If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.(2017全国)4.Im afraid I cant help you just at presentIm too busy.5.A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jasons shoulder fondly.“Youre just the boy I am looking for.” (2015湖北)6.It was
10、a very lucky dog.She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water.(2015陕西)1.than短语集锦(1)more than超过;不只是(2)other than除了(3)rather than 而不是(4)less than不到;少于(5)no more than仅仅;只不过2.“因为,由于”短语速递(1)because of 因为;由于(2)due to由于(3)owing to 由于(4)thanks to多亏;由于(5)as a result of 因为(6)on account of因为3.“动词f
11、or”意为“动身去”的短语(1)leave for动身去(2)head for走向;朝进发(3)make for前往;走向(4)start for动身去(5)set out/off for动身去1.even if.即使Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以相互理解。2.more.than.与其说,倒不如说It was based more on German than the Eng
12、lish we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。3.no such.没有这种Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。句式仿写1.即使你计划得很好,没有实际行动你也不会成功。(2016浙江)You cant make it without practical action even if you plan so well.2.她对我说的事与其说让我感到震惊,倒不如说让我觉得好笑。I was more amused t
13、han shocked by what she told me.3.任何事情都是要付出代价的,在这个世界上并没有免费的午餐。Everything comes with a price;there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. base vt.以为据点(或总部等);以为根据n.基部;基地;基础拓展词:basis n.原因,缘由;基准,准则;方式;基础basic adj.基本的;基础的(1)base.on/upon.把建立在;以为根据be based on/upon以为根据(基础)(2)on the basis of在的基础上(1)W
14、hen planning Encyclopaedia Britannica,I had to create a table of contents based(base) on the topics of its articles.规划大英百科全书的时候,我不得不创建一个基于文章主题的目录。(2016天津)(2)Basing(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.把一个重要决定更多地建立在情感而不是理性的基础上,你迟早会后悔。句式升级(3)The
15、 restaurant is based on trust,and it is working all right.(用形容词短语作状语改写)Based on trust,the restaurant is working all right.separate v.把分开;分隔adj.分开的;单独的;独立的拓展词:separation n.分开;分离;分居separate A from B把A和B分开divide.into.把分成(1)There is a separate bedroom,a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.有一个独立的卧室,一个带冰箱的
16、现代化厨房。(2017全国)(2)I separated the good apples from the bad ones and she divided the best into halves.我把好苹果与坏苹果分开,她把最好的苹果分成两半。熟词生义写出句子中黑体词的汉语意思(3)Millies parents separated when she was five years old.(夫妻或伴侣)分居command v.命令;博得;拥有;指挥n.命令;掌握;运用能力拓展词:commanding adj.指挥的;威严的(1)command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事co
17、mmand that.(should) do.命令(2)at ones command听某人支配take command of指挥;控制have a good command of 掌握;精通in command of掌管;掌握(1)I am here at the presidents command.我在这儿听从总统的命令。(2)Much as he confirms he has a good command of English,he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idio
18、ms.虽然他确定自己精通英语,但有时他感到为一些汉语习语找到合适的英语翻译很难。同义句改写(3)He commanded that we should set off at once.He commanded us to set off at once. (1)request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事It is requested that.(should) do.要求(2)at ones request(at the request of sb.)应某人的要求(1)The request is that manuscripts(手稿) (should) be written(
19、write) on one side only.要求手稿只写在一面上。同义句改写(2)He requested that he should be transferred to another department.He was transferred to another department at his own request.(3)All members are requested to be present at the party.It is requested that all members be present at the party.易错点拨(1)动词request后的宾
20、语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词为“(should)动词原形”。(2)request后不能直接跟不定式,即不能说request to do .。recognize v.认识;辨认出;意识到;承认,认可;赏识,表彰;向打招呼拓展词:recognition n.认出;认识(1)recognize.as/to be.把看作It is recognized that.人们公认(2)beyond recognition 认不出来(1)For example,she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing(rec
21、ognize) the efforts of young people to change the world.例如,她获得了2007年BRICK Award,这个奖项是对年轻人为改变世界所做出的努力的认可。(2017北京)(2)I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl,and she has changed beyond recognition(recognize).从萨拉还是个小女孩我就没有见过她,她已经变得认不出来了。一句多译(3)我们都认为屠呦呦是位伟大的科学家。We all recognize Tu Youyou as/to be
22、a great scientist.It is recognized that Tu Youyou is a great scientist. come up走近;上来;发生;出现;被提出;发芽;升起写出下列句子中加黑词的汉语意思(1)The snowdrops(雪花莲) are just beginning to come up.长出地面;发芽(2)We watched the sun come up.(太阳)升起(3)Im afraid something urgent has come up;I wont be able to see you tonight.发生;出现(4)The pr
23、oblem of getting new uniforms came up at the meeting.被提出;被讨论come up with提出;想出come across(偶然)遇见;发现;穿过come about发生come out出来;出版,发行(5)I came across this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.我昨天找书的时候,偶然发现了这张早年的照片。(6)我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。(2016北京)Our class came up with the idea to make better use
24、 of used materials.易错点拨come up被提出,不及物,主语常是计划、建议、问题等;come up with提出,及物,主语是人或团体组织。 (1)make full/good use of充分/好好利用make the best/most of充分利用(2)come into use开始使用bring/put.to use加以使用be of use有用Its no use doing.做没用。(1)Your time should be made full use of to exercise(exercise).你应该充分利用时间锻炼身体。(2)This old mac
25、hine is useless(use);well try to get rid of it./This old machine is of no use;well try to get rid of it.这部旧机器没用了,我们将想法把它处理掉。(3)My mother always told us it is no use crying(cry) over spilt milk.母亲总是告诉我们为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。 play a role in在中起作用;扮演角色take part in参加(1)But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along
26、 with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.但是,曾和顶级模特一起参加表演的萨拉想证明她既美丽又聪明。(2017全国)(2)There are many reasons for animals dying out,but the most important one is the part that humans have played.动物绝种的原因很多,但是最重要的原因是人类所起的作用。Native English speakers can understand each other even
27、if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以相互理解。even if/though即使,尽管,引导让步状语从句,在从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。在主从句主语相同或从句主语为it,且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时也可采用省略句结构,即省略从句的主语和be动词。(1)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,even if/though hes in his nineties.尽管我的祖父已经九十多岁了,但他仍不时打网球。(2016北京)(2
28、)Ill go there even if the weather is(be) bad tomorrow.即使明天天气不好,我也要去那儿。句式升级(3)He wont come to our party even if he is invited.(改为省略句)He wont come to our party even if invited.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。more.than.与其说,倒不如说more than多于;不仅
29、仅;非常;岂止not more than不多于;不超过;至多no more than仅仅;只不过no比较级than.前者和后者都不(两者的否定)less.than.比少,不如多;与其不如(1)The man was more brave than wise,so he failed many times.这个人有勇无谋,所以他失败了很多次。句式升级(2)He is very happy at the good news.(用more than改写)He is more than happy at the good news.(3)Neither he nor you are diligent.
30、(用no more.than.改写)He is no more diligent than you.(4)He is more clever than diligent.(用less.than.改写)He is less diligent than clever.单句语法填空1.The professor came to our school to give lectures by request.2.There are lots of people there who can actually(actual) help you.3.He has a great number of Engli
31、sh idioms at his command.4.The government provides them with not only food and shelter,but also the basic(base) skills for their living.5.It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.6.I dont like the way that you talked to the old man.7.
32、He failed in the exam again.In my view,he was more lazy than stupid.8.The boy wouldnt leave even though asked(ask) to twice.9.The number of smokers,as is reported,has dropped(drop) by 17 percent in just one year.10.Kayla came back downstairs with a worried expression(express) on her face.单句改错(每小题仅有1
33、处错误)1.To my knowledge,there is such 或an idiom in English.2.All of us made a request that the problem discussed at the meeting.3.The question is bound to be come up at the meeting.4. on a true love story,the film we watched yesterday is highly thought of.5.You should have made good use of the time yo
34、u spent together discuss the matter.教材与语法填空At the end of the 16th century,English was 1.mostly(most) spoken by people from England.They were native speakers.Today,the 2.largest(large) number of people 3.learning(learn) English may be in China.A lot of Chinese people speak English 4.as their foreign
35、language.The English language 5.has changed(change) quite a lot over the last few centuries.Old English sounded more like German for it 6.was based(base) on German,but modern English sounds more like French than German because those who ruled England spoke French.Two people had great effects 7.on th
36、e English changes.8.One was Samuel Johnson,who wrote his dictionary;the other was Noah Webster,who wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language,9.which gave American English its own 10.identity(identify).教材与短文改错STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English?Is it spoken in Britain,th
37、e US,Canada,Australia,India and New Zealand?Believe it or not,there is no such things as standard English.Many people believe the English spoke on TV and the radio is standard English.This is why in the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.Therefor
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