2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国通用版（全解析）专项训练：专题4 形容词和副词 WORD版含解析.docx

1、1.(2017全国卷，66)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.答案：worse句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。even worse “更糟糕的是，更糟的是”，习惯搭配。2.(2017全国卷，66)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have bee

2、n _ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 答案：fairly此处应由副词修饰形容词unpleasant，故填fairly，意为“相当，非常”。3.(2017全国卷，70)The central London Railway was one of the most _ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案：successful空格前的the most与多音节形容词构成最高级，故填successful，意为“成功的”。4.(

3、2017浙江高考，58)Pahlsson screamed _ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.答案：so由副词loudly和that可知，应填so，构成so . that . “如此以至于”，固定结构。5.(2016全国卷，61)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of _ (great) and less importance.答案：greater根据

4、后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。6.(2016全国卷，63)From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.答案：officially修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式， officially，意为“正式地”。7.(2016全国卷，65)Get an early start and try to be _ productive as possible before lunch.答案：as由“productiv

5、e as possible”可知，应填副词as，构成as . as possible “尽可能”。8.(2016全国卷，66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.答案：gradually此处用副词gradually修饰谓语动词短语turned into。9.(2016浙江高考，18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend _ (many)

6、events in the coming years.答案：more句意：我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动，并希望在来年能参加更多活动。many在本句中为形容词，由“in the coming years”可知此处暗指“更多的活动”，故填many的比较级形式more。10.(2015江苏高考，31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ (comprehension) review of the case.答案：comprehensive句意：警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。由设空前的形容词thorough和后面的名词re

7、view可知，应填形容词comprehensive “全面的，彻底的”。一、形容词1.形容词的作用形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征。在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语以及状语。In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us.She can be really stubborn.I found it difficult to clam down. 注意：有些形容词通常作表语，不能像普通形容词那样作前置定语，这样的形容词称为表语形容词。如alive, alone, asleep, alike, afraid, awake,

8、 ashamed, sure等。有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，这样的形容词称为定语形容词，如golden, wooden, silken, live, elder, former, latter, front, back, outer等。2.形容词在句中的位置(1)单个形容词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之前；两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，排列顺序一般应考虑以下两种情况：和被修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词位置更靠近名词。Jane Fyre is a moving English novel.音节少的形容词在前，音节多的形容词在后。I have a small but beautif

9、ul room.(2)多个形容词排序常见形容词顺序归纳为口诀如下：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)描绘性形容词(beautiful、interesting .)大小、长短、高低形容词形状、年龄、新旧形容词颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词用途、类别形容词中心名词。 可以简单地记为：“县官行令宴国才。” The old lady wants to buy a beautiful red Chinese silk dress for her daughter as a present. They bought a charming big

10、round new black French wooden writing desk last year.(3)单个形容词作定语时，在下列情况之下，形容词应放在被修饰的词之后。形容词修饰不定代词something, nothing, anything等时应后置。I have something important to tell you. There is nothing dangerous here.表语形容词作定语时需后置。如alive, present, possible, afraid, alone, awake等。 He is the greatest writer alive. H

11、e was the only person awake at the moment.3.倍数表达法的句式倍数表达法主要有以下5种：(1) . 倍数as形容词/副词原级as . (2) . 倍数形容词/副词比较级than . (3) . 倍数the size/length/weight/height of . (4) . 倍数that of . (5) . 倍数what . 注意：表示倍数的词始终在前面。 我们的新房子是旧房子的三倍大。Our new house was three times as large as the old one. Our new house was three ti

12、mes larger than the old one. Our new house was three times the size of the old one. 2017年的汽车产量比2016年的产量大六倍。The output of cars in 2017 is seven times that of 2016. The output of cars in 2017 is seven times what it was in 2016. 二、副词1.副词的作用副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。常在句中作状语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、

13、介词宾语等成分。He got up early this morning. The building there looks very small. 注意：有些副词可修饰名词，用以加强语气，相当于状语。常用的这类副词为quite, rather, even等。We held quite a party last weekend. Even a child wont believe such a story you told. 有些副词可修饰部分不定代词和数词。常用的这类副词有almost, nearly, roughly, mostly等。Nearly anyone present at th

14、e meeting was an expert on SARS.I learned three foreign languages at college, but now I have forgotten almost all of them.2.副词的分类3副词在句中的位置(1)时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。但always, seldom, often, never, rarely等副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和be动词之后。They will go there tomorrow. I o

15、ften go to school at seven in the morning.My brother is seldom late for school.(2)修饰形容词、其他副词时的位置修饰形容词、副词时，位于被修饰词的前面。Computers work much faster than before. Happy days pass too soon.注意：enough作为副词时总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。The book is easy enough for little kids.enough作形容词时，可置于名词之前或之后。We havent enough time/tim

16、e enough to prepare for the meeting.三、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级1比较级和最高级的基本构成(1)规则变化 (2)不规则变化2.比较级和最高级的用法(1)比较级的用法“比较级than”，表示一方超过另一方。Our school is better than that one.“less原级than”，表示一方不及另一方。This park is less beautiful than that one.“the比较级 .，the比较级 .”，表示“越，越”。The higher the temperature is, the greater the pre

17、ssure is.“比较级and比较级”，表示“越来越”。The weather is getting colder and colder.注意：比较级可以被even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, any, rather, no, a great deal, by far等修饰。He works even harder than before.(2)与比较等级相关的常用表达more B than A less A than B “与其说A不如说B”。He is more lazy than slow at his work. H

18、e is less slow than lazy at his work.more than “不仅仅”；no more thanonly “仅仅，只不过”；not more than “至多，不超过”。Language is more than a tool with which people communicate with each other.no比较级than . “都不”，是对两者的共同否定，且侧重前者；而not比较级than . “不及”，表前者不如后者，隐含对两者的肯定，但侧重后者。Josie speaks Chinese no more fluently than her b

19、rother.I run not faster than anyone else in my class.(3)最高级的用法三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。The Yellow Rive

20、r is the second longest river in China. This is by far the best movie that I have ever seen.单句语法填空1A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, _ (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.答案：especially句意：突然停下来是非常可怕的经历，尤其是如果你高速行驶时。especially “特别，尤其”，强调程度，此处用来修饰整个句子。2Listening is thus an a

21、ctive, not a _ (passively) behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.答案：passive句意：因而，听是一种积极的而不是消极的行为，它涉及听、理解和记忆。由前文active可知空格处应使用形容词作定语，修饰名词behavior。3It was _ (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.答案：considerate句意：Michael为了防止我们担心，告知我们他耽搁了，考虑得很周到。此

22、处应用形容词作表语，构成“It beadj. of sb.to do sth.”句式，故填considerate，表示“考虑周到的；体贴的”。4With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) _ (efficiency) way of reaching target customers.答案：efficient句意：随着网上购物的快速流行，网络被看作是引起目标消费者注意的有效方法。efficient “有效的”，修饰名词way。5The girl used to be shy, but is _ (

23、gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.答案：gradually句意：那个女孩曾很害羞，但是逐渐地在分组工作中表现得积极主动而且更愿意表达自己了。gradually “逐渐地，逐步地”，作状语修饰动词短语get active。6Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be _ (punctually). 答案：punctual句意：尽

24、管会议大厅距他的公寓很近，但如果想准时赶到，他也必须快一点。punctual “准时的”，作系动词be的表语。7Little Tom sat _ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.答案：amazed句意：小汤姆坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞，感到很吃惊。此处应用形容词amazed “感到吃惊的”描述主语little Tom的神情，此处作伴随状语。8I dont think what he said is _ (relevance) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed t

25、he point.答案：relevantrelevant “有关的；贴切的”。be relevant to “与相关的”，固定搭配。9Andy is content with the toy. It is the _ (good)he has ever got.答案：best句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。由“he has ever got”可知，应用形容词最高级，空格前的定冠词the也是提示。10Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that eve

26、ry bite put into our mouths was _ (former) alive.答案：formerly句意：如果我们知道一点食物来源的话，我们中的大多数人就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是活着的。由空后的alive可知应填副词formerly，意为“以前，从前”，作状语。.单句改错1We could see very clear a strange light ahead of us._答案：clearclearly修饰动词see应用clear的副词形式。2They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together

27、._答案：earlierearly由句子中的副词often可知是一个经常发生的动作，无比较的对象，故需用原级。3They have also bought some gardening tools, beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet._答案：besidebesidesbeside是介词，根据句意和beside后面的逗号可知，此处应用副词besides(而且)。4I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop mu

28、sic, and collecting the latest music albums._答案：differencedifferent名词kinds前应该用形容词作定语，different kinds of . “不同种类的”。5At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them._答案：freelyfreebe free from “免于；不受的影响；没有的影响”，固定搭配。.语法填空In 1990, over 100 countries signed

29、 _1_ international agreement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory, which is mainly used for jewelry. Most ivory is made from the tusks (象牙) of African elephants. These tusks are _2_ (terrible) valuableone pair is worth more than three times the income of an African farmer or factory worker in a y

30、ear. Hunting elephants was so profitable_3_from 1979 to 1989 the number of elephants in Africa fell from 1.3 million to 600,000. It was feared that by the year 2000 there would be none _4_(leave). However, thanks to the international agreement, there_5_(be) much less illegal hunting since 1990. But

31、considering_6_(vary) of aspects, it costs a lot of money to preserve elephants. Game wardens (狩猎监督员) must be hired to protect them, land must be set aside for them, and when they destroy a farmers crops, the farmer must _7_ (pay) compensation. Zimbabwe and four other African countries say that some

32、of the elephants should be killed legally. This would help keep the population _8_(stability), and selling the ivory would help pay for preserving the elephants. But conservationists say that_9_(make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting. Others say _10_ is wrong is to kill el

33、ephants because they are sensitive animals who feel emotional pain at the death of other elephants. 1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述为禁止非法猎杀大象和非法买卖象牙，国际社会所作的积极努力。1an考查冠词。agreement是可数名词，单数形式前应加不定冠词，因international的读音是以元音音素开头的，所以要用不定冠词an。2terribly考查词性转换。valuable是形容词，要用副词修饰，形容词terrible的副词

34、是terribly。3that考查常用句型。句意：非法猎杀大象如此有利可图，以致在非洲从1979年到1989年大象的数量从一百三十万头减至六十万头。so . that . “如此/这么以至于”。4left考查非谓语动词。leave与none之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作none的定语。5has been考查动词的时态。根据since 1990可知用现在完成时，句子主语illegal hunting是单数形式，助动词用has，故填has been。6varieties考查固定搭配。a variety of/varieties of “各种各样的”，动词vary的名词是 variety，根

35、据句子结构，填varieties。7be paid考查动词的语态。句意：农民一定要得到补偿。根据句意可知用含情态动词的被动语态。8stable考查词性转换。句意：保持大象数量的稳定。此处是形容词作宾语补足语。9making考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，可知句中缺少主语，此处是动名词作主语，故填making。10what考查主语从句的连接词。此处是what引导的主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“的东西(事情)”。.短文改错China is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy

36、 traffic causes delays and a plenty of air pollution. Although many cities in China have traffic problems, some of the worse are in Beijing. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is what only a small number of people use public transportation. I think one way solve the traffic problems was

37、to make people use the public transportation system. For example, they can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 答案：China is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays a

38、nd plenty of air pollution. Although many cities in China have traffic problems, some of the are in Beijing. One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation. I think one way solve the traffic problems to make people use the public transportation sys

39、tem. For example, they can take buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 1seriouslyserious考查形容词。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词短语traffic problems。2muchmany考查形容词。much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式，故此处用many。3去掉a考查固定短语。固定短语plenty of意为“许多，大量”，可以修饰可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。4

40、worseworst考查形容词的最高级。分析句意为“在中国很多城市都存在交通问题，其中最严重的是在北京”，故用最高级形式worst。5reasonreasons考查名词的数。one of 后面跟可数名词的复数形式。6whatthat考查表语从句。从句only a small number of people use public transportation是一个完整的句子，不缺少成分，故用that连接表语从句，what在从句中要作某一成分。7solve前加to考查动词不定式。此处用不定式短语作后置定语修饰way。8wasis考查动词的时态。此处表述作者的观点，应用一般现在时，故改was为is。9drivedriving考查非谓语动词。介词of后面要跟动名词形式。10themit考查代词。此处代词指代to travel by bus这件事，故用it。