2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology 5 Section Ⅴ Grammar .doc

1、Section Grammar & WritingA卷 单句语法填空1If it _(snow) last night，it would be very cold today.答案：had snowed2We _(invite) them to the dance, but they went abroad for their vacation.答案：would have invited3She would never have behaved like that if she _(have) some common sense.答案：had4If he _(work) harder, he

2、would succeed now.答案：had worked5If I had a bike，I _(lend) it to you yesterday.答案：would have lent6If you had not studied the problem carefully，you _(find) difficulty now.答案：would find7If China _(not be) liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.答案：had not been8If you _(not

3、 finish) the homework by now，you would not be allowed to see the film this evening.答案：hadnt finished9They have bought a new car.They _(have) a lot of money.答案：must have10She looked so tired this morning.She _(stay) up late last night.答案：must have stayed 阅读理解AWhen Allison Winn was eight and her famil

4、y adopted a dog named Coco, they had no idea how much the little creature would change her life. “Coco helped me feel better，” says Allison, who was recovering from 14 months of treatment for a brain cancer at the time. “She would cuddle(偎依) with me when I didnt want to play.” Allison loved Coco so

5、much that she told her parents she wanted to help other sick kids find the same kind of comfort.She started small, raising money by selling lemonade and homemade dog biscuits in front of her house. Her first customer was the mailman. By the end of that summer, she had raised nearly $1，000, enough to

6、 adopt and train two dogs and give them to children with cancer. Now, a little more than two years later, some groups gather to make dog treats for Allisons cause.Her organization, the Stink Bug Project, named after a picture she drew in memory of the end of her treatment, is run and managed in part

7、nership with the Morgan Adams Foundation. Stink Bug helps families adopt pets from the Trained K9 Companion Program, where the rescued dogs are taught commands. Allisons mother, Dianna Litvak, who helps run Stink Bug, hopes to extend the petadoption program statewide and continue donating some of th

8、e money to help fund childrens cancer research.“Allison has figured out how to helpin a way that no one else has，” Litvak says. “We involve her younger sister, Emily, her friends, the adopting families, and some others. It took the love of a little girl to wrap all that together into one amazing pac

9、kage.”Go to stinkbugproject. org to donate or to buy Allisons dog biscuits.【解题导语】小女孩Allison Winn患脑瘤后在自己的宠物狗的帮助下顺利康复了。后来她建立了一个组织来驯养狗去帮助其他患病的孩子。1At the beginning, Allisons family _.Awanted other sick children to get the same comfortBdidnt know the sufferings of fighting a cancerCthought a dogs company

10、 would harm her healthDdidnt expect a dog could change her so muchD解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的they had no idea how much the little creature would change her life可知，一开始，Allison的家人并没有期待狗会使Allison改变多少。故选D项。2How did Allison start her cause?AShe helped advertise lemonade and homemade dog biscuits.BShe earned som

11、e money by doing small business.CA mailman donated some money to her.DSome groups gave her a hand.B解析：细节理解题。通过第二段的She started small, raising money by selling lemonade and homemade dog biscuits in front of her house.and give them to children with cancer.可知，她通过做小生意来赚一些钱来帮助那些孩子们。3According to Paragraph

12、 4, Allisons mother feels _. Acalm Bworried Cembarrassed DproudD解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“Allison has figured out how to helpin a way that no one else has，” Litvak says.和It took the love of a little girl to wrap all that together into one amazing package.可知，她的母亲为女儿的爱心感到自豪。4Whats the passage mainly about?AHelp

13、ing to make dog treats. BAdopting a dog for your child.CGiving dogs and love to kids with cancer. DRaising money to train pets.C解析：主旨大意题。本文主要说的是小女孩Allison Winn患脑瘤后在自己的宠物狗的帮助下顺利康复了。后来她建立了一个组织来驯养狗去帮助其他患病的孩子。故选C项。BWhen Hai started college, he weighed over 250 pounds. Healthy food choices were difficult

14、 for him, and he was emotionally distraught(心烦意乱的). However, when he left home for college, he was able for the first time to start taking his life and weight into his own hands.He started by shopping at a local farmers market, an experience that inspired him profoundly. The idea that a farmers mark

15、et represents local, sustainable, healthy food with a human connection where you can interact with the people that grow the produce was extremely appealing to him, and he began to think about the food that people at his university were eating. From what he saw at farmers markets, Hai realized that d

16、ining hall food was not “real” food. A lot of it is frozen or processed, and has unhealthy additives. His idea continued to develop as he started taking classes about food sustainability at university, and after the summer of 2014 during which he cooperated with other students, he launched into his

17、senior year at the University of California full force with the Real Food Challenge(RFC) campaign, a project he cofounded that aims to reinvest university spending in food that is “real”： ecologicallysound, communitybased, humane, and fair; as opposed to those traditional purchases with those unheal

18、thy additives and processed products.Not only has Hai started a movement of change across the university dining system, but he has also grown extremely as an individual, now with strong leadership and great vision. In addition, after he started learning about food sustainability and taking action at

19、 university, Hai has lost over 100 pounds, and has been able to start enjoying activities such as backpacking and swimming that were not a possibility for him previously. He is confident instead of being distraught now.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Hai发起RFC运动的起因、内容和运动带来的积极影响。5When did Hai get the idea of “rea

20、l” food?AWhen purchasing the locallymade food.BWhen reforming the university dining system.CWhen reinvesting university spending in food.DWhen organizing the Real Food Challenge campaign.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和第二段第三句可知，Hai在当地农贸市场购物的时候，有了关于“真正的”食物的想法。6What benefit has the campaign brought to Hais occupat

21、ional development?AHe has been hired by the university.BHe has become an expert in food field.CHe has got the excellent ability to be a leader.DHe has become much thinner than before.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，这项运动带给Hai的职业发展的好处是他获得了很好的领导能力。7According to Hai, “real” food is _Arich in nutritionBmade by exp

22、ertsCfrozen or processedDhealthy without additivesD解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Hai realized that dining hall food was not real food. A lot of it is frozen or processed, and has unhealthy additives.”可知，Hai认为“真正的”食物不应该是冷冻的或加工过的，而应该是健康、没有添加剂的。 语法填空Each year, thousands of people come to Shaanxi, China, to visit th

23、e Terracotta Army, which shows the armies of Qin Shi Huang, 1._countrys first emperor.As one of the most famous tourist sights in the world, the Terracotta Army is a form of funerary(葬礼的) art 2._(bury) with the First Emperor in 210 to 209 BC. It was designed 3._(protect) the emperor in his afterlife

24、.Since their 4._(discover), experts have questioned whether the lifesize models of soldiers 5._(base) on real warriors(勇士) or whether they came off a production line.In October a BBC documentary(纪录片), The Greatest Tomb on Earth: Secrets of Ancient China, suggested the inspiration for the Terracotta

25、Warriors may have come 6._Ancient Greece, about 7._archaeologist Li Xiuzhen said, “We now have evidence that close contact did exist between the First Emperors China and the West.”On the 41st International Museum Day, it was 8._(official) announced that new technology has just made 9._possible for v

26、isitors to be guided. Thanks to an interactive(交互式的) 360degree video, visitors can choose to view the 10._(figure) either in closeup or from a distance.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了秦始皇及兵马俑的有关内容。1the解析：考查冠词。那展示了中国第一位皇帝秦始皇的军队。此处为特指，故用the。2buried解析：考查非谓语动词。兵马俑是一种葬礼的艺术形式，与中国的第一位皇帝一同被埋葬。此处动词bury与逻辑主语the Terracott

27、a Army之间为动宾关系，且与主句谓语动词间没有连词，故用过去分词buried。3to protect解析：考查固定用法。be designed to do sth.“被设计来做某事”为固定用法。4discovery解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的“their”可知，此处应用名词表示“发现”，故填discovery。5were based解析：考查固定搭配。be based on.“以为根据/基础”为固定搭配。6from解析：考查介词。建造兵马俑的灵感可能来自古希腊。come from.意为“来自”。7which解析：考查定语从句。根据语境和句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面主

28、句的内容，空处在定语从句中位于介词“about”后作宾语，故填which。8officially解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词“announced”用副词。9it解析：考查代词。新的科技已经让游客得到引导成为可能。此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的“to be guided”。10figures解析：考查名词。幸亏有了360度交互式视频，游客可以选择近处或远处观看这些兵马俑。根据上文和常识可知，兵马俑不止一个，故填figures。figure“身影，人影”。B卷 阅读理解AThe idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make

29、you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big

30、laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by sm

31、iling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forge

32、t is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as its for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certa

33、inly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的) falling.Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happ

34、ier.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。1What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?APlaying an important role.BKeeping people in high spirits.CQuickly influencing other people.DPreventing illness from spreading.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句可知，当人们分享笑容时，他们的关系会更亲密，他们也会更加快乐。故infec

35、tious在此处意思为迅速影响其他人。2What can laughter increase according to the author?ACognitive ability.BGood relationships.CA sense of humor.DHappiness and trust.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.a stranger.”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间

36、的关系更亲密。3What does the author think the old should do?AThey should have a good rest.BThey should play like children.CThey should prevent cognitive falling.DThey should take part in physical play.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make pla

37、y be part of their life as its for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与体育活动。4Which of the following would be the best title for the text?AHumor, Laughter and Play for HealthBAlways Keep Our Body HealthyCHave an Active and Happy LifeD

38、Let Our Body and Mind RelaxA解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。BGoing for walks with my twoyearold son, I meet many nice people who ask what my job is. When I say that I teach at Swarthmore College, their faces light up, and the next question is, “What do you teach？”As they hear my answer“lingu

39、istics (the scientific study of language)”，they look confused. The smile on their faces tells me that they dont know what to make of my answer. If they are brave enough, they will ask，“So, what kinds of classes do you teach then？”Good question.I have long been teaching pragmatics(语用学)，a branch of li

40、nguistics. It is primarily concerned with how the context(文本)in which a sentence is said influences its meaning. What “Id_love_a_glass_of_water” means largely depends on where and when it is said. In a restaurant, it will probably be understood as a request directed toward the waiter. Somewhere out

41、in a desert, however, the same sentence is more likely to be interpreted as an impossible wish. Thus, although the literal(照字面本义的)meanings of two sentences could be exactly the same, their communicative meanings could be very different.Interestingly, in pragmatics you will discover a message can be

42、well communicated though not literally expressed. This takes place when the speaker and the listener share common ground.If you see a car stopped on the side of the road, and you have the following exchange with the driver, you both know youve said enough to get your points across：Driver：Hi. I ran o

43、ut of gas.You：Theres a Shell just down the road.Obviously, the driver is really asking something like，“Could you tell me what to do？”Your reply implies that there is a place nearby where the driver can get gas. No further explanation is needed because Shell, the name of a gas station, is part of the

44、ir common ground.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言学的一个分支语用学，其研究的重点之一是语境与含义之间的关系。5What do we know about the people in Paragraph 1?AThey are familiar with the author.BThey know little about linguistics.CThey work at Swarthmore College.DThey hope to attend the authors class.B解析：推理判断题。由第一段的.they look confused. The

45、 smile on their faces tells me that they dont know what to make of my answer.可知，第一段提到的这些人对语言学不太了解。6Why does the author say the underlined sentence has different communicative meanings?ABecause their wishes are different.BBecause their contexts are different.CBecause their speakers are different.DBec

46、ause their literal meanings are different.B解析：细节理解题。由第二段的largely depends on where and when it is said可知，字面含义相同的句子因其所处语境不同呈现不同的交际意义。7Why did the car mentioned in the text stop?ATo wait for someone.BTo take a short rest.CTo buy some gas.DTo ask for help.D解析：推理判断题。由对话中司机说的I ran out of gas.以及最后一段的Could

47、you tell me what to do？可推断，这辆汽车停下来是询问附近的加油站在哪里，是为了寻求帮助。8How does the author mainly explain pragmatics?ABy presenting research findings.BBy analyzing major causes.CBy making comparisons.DBy using examples.D解析：写作手法题。通读全文可知，作者主要通过两个例子对语用学进行了介绍。 短文改错Dear Jack，How is it going recently? Im delight to tell

48、 you that our school photograph club is going to hold a International Photograph Show. Here is some informations about it. Protect the environment is the theme of the show. It will start from June 15 in next month and last three weeks. Any student who is interested in it is welcome participate. I kn

49、ow you take good pictures but youve always wanted to do something what interests you. This is certain a good chance for more people to see it. You can send your photos to intphotoshow gm. school. com.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear Jack，How is it going recently? Im to te

50、ll you that our school photograph club is going to hold International Photograph Show. Here is some about it. the environment is the theme of the show. It will start from June 15 next month and last three weeks. Any student who is interested in it is welcome participate. I know you take good picture

51、s youve always wanted to do something interests you. This is a good chance for more people to see . You can send your photos to intphotoshow gm. school. com.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours，Li Hua 书面表达假设你是李华，元旦假期来临，你校学生会决定组织在校学生到卧龙山进行一次拓展活动。请你给好友美国交换生Peter写一封邮件告知相关情况。1时间：元旦上午8：00乘车出发；2

52、内容：爬山，同时捡拾垃圾；3注意事项：自带午餐、雨具等。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_One possible version：Dear Peter，Good news for you!The students union has decided to organize a trip to Mount Wolong on New Years Day, so Im writing to tell you about the details.All of us will get on the school bus at the school gate at 8：00

53、in the morning. Then we start our trip to Mount Wolong. The climb will start at the parking center. Everyone is expected to pick up the rubbish as we climb up, which will help to polish the beauty of the scenery. We wont have lunch together, so you need to take a packed lunch with you. And also, bring your umbrella or raincoat with you in case it rains.Have a nice day!Yours，Li Hua