2020-2021学年新教材英语外研版选择性必修第一册课时作业:综合能力测试3 UNIT 3 FASTER HIGHER STRONGER WORD版含解析.doc
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- 2020-2021学年新教材英语外研版选择性必修第一册课时作业:综合能力测试3 UNIT FASTER HIGHER STRONGER WORD版含解析 2020 2021 学年 新教材 英语 外研版
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1、高考资源网() 您身边的高考专家综合能力测试三(Unit 3)时间:120分钟满分:120分第一部分:听力(略)第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHeat has been used to control hair for hundreds of years. But how much is too much? If you have ever opened a very hot oven, you know that heat can burn your eyebrow
2、s off your face very quickly. A scientist from Purdue University in Indiana is trying to find a scientific answer on how hot is too hot when it comes to your hair.Many women and some men are very particular about their hair. Some people who have naturally curly hair prefer to have it straightened. O
3、thers with straight hair want to have curls. Tahira Reid is one of those_people. As an AfricanAmerican woman, she is familiar with the challenges of maintaining (保养) curly hair.Tahira Reid and other researchers at Purdue University are studying how heat treatment interacts with different types of ha
4、ir and how to prevent damage. Amy Marconnet is an assistant professor. She says the team is seeing how heat and temperature relate to their research.In a Purdue Universitys lab, team members designed a hair straightener toola flat iron with temperature control. They attached it to a robotic arm that
5、 moved over pieces of hair. They controlled the temperature while the device straightened hair.What did they find? Their study found that the heat weakens or breaks a protein called keratin, responsible for the hairs shape, and temporarily changes it. But nobody knows exactly what level can make the
6、 heat actually cause forever change. Researchers say early results are a bit inconclusive.It turns out that everyones hair is different and theres no exact temperature where hair straightening becomes hair damage. Ms Reid says they will continue their research in the hope of finding what works best
7、without damaging hair.本文是一篇说明文,人们可以使用热能改变头发的形状,科学家希望通过研究发现具体多高的温度才会破坏人们的头发。文章对这一研究做了具体说明。21What does the scientist want to find out?AWays to protect our hair.BWays to maintain curly hair.CThe temperature that can damage hair.DThe temperature that makes hair curly.答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“A scientist f
8、rom Purdue University in Indiana is trying to find a scientific answer on how hot is too hot when it comes to your hair.”可知科学家想通过研究发现具体多高的温度才会破坏人们的头发。故C项正确。22The underlined part “ those people” in Paragraph 2 refers to those who _.Aare AfricanAmericansBlove their hair very muchClove making their hai
9、r curlyDlove changing their hairstyle答案:D解析:代词指代题。根据画线词前面两句“Some people who have naturally curly hair prefer to have it straightened. Others with straight hair want to have curls.”可知一些头发自然卷的人更想拥有直发,而头发直的人却想拥有卷发。这些人想改变头发的形状,Tahira Reid就是其中之一。所以“those people”就是指那些想改变头发形状的人。故D项正确。23When the heat breaks
10、 a protein called keratin in the hair, _.Athe hair gets burnedBthe hairs shape is changedCthe hair is forever damagedDthe hair surely becomes curly答案:B解析:推理判断题。根据第五段前两句“What did they find? Their study found that the heat weakens or breaks a protein called keratin, responsible for the hairs shape, an
11、d temporarily changes it.”可知研究人员发现热能破坏keratin,这一物质影响头发的形状,当它被破坏的时候,头发的形状也会发生改变。故B项正确。BRunning seems easy enough: Just grab a pair of sneakers and put one foot in front of the other, right? Well, anyone who struggled to get through a mile knows its not quite that simple. Weve asked experienced runner
12、s to tell us something wrong they did when they started running. The following are some of their answers.I got excited and signed up for a halfmarathon with a few more experienced runner friends, but I wasnt adequately prepared and didnt train efficiently. I ended up with blisters (水泡) on my feet. I
13、 couldnt wear shoes for two days!Cali LaveyI have always been athletic and I have never been badly injured, but one day I felt a slight pain in my knee. I ignored it for a month until I realized I was having a hard time putting weight on my right leg. I finally went to a doctor. It took four months
14、of weekly physical therapy (治疗) to heal. I shouldnt have done that.ArnoldMy biggest mistake was treating running like soccer practice: If I wasnt exhausted by the end of practice, I felt as though I didnt work hard enough. I run all of my runs at 80 percent effort, or the equivalent of what I now ca
15、ll tempo runs (节奏跑). I wasnt warming up to the pace or cooling down effectively.KateI decided to go out for a run during the hottest part of the day. At the time, I told myself that it would be refreshing to sweat a little, but I didnt bring adequate water. I returned feeling completely rundown, deh
16、ydrated (脱水的), and exhausted. If you must go out on a run during unfavorable weather, wear proper suits and bring enough water to keep you feeling strong.Sarah本文是一篇说明文,很多人认为跑步是一件非常容易的事情,实际情况并非如此。文章列举了四个例子来证明跑步并不像人们认为的那么简单。24Why did Cali suffer from her halfmarathon?AShe ran all the way barefoot.BShe
17、 didnt get ready for it.CShe ran with experienced runners.DShe did not have selfconfidence.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第二段“.I wasnt adequately prepared and didnt train efficiently. I ended up with blisters (水泡) on my feet. I couldnt wear shoes for two days!”可知Cali并没有为半程马拉松做好准备,最后脚上都是水泡。故B项正确。25What did Arnold re
18、gret doing?AThinking he would never get injured.BPutting heavy weight on his right leg.CSpending about four months treating his knee.DWaiting for so long to get his knee examined.答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据第三段“I have always been athletic and I have never been badly injured, but one day I felt a slight pain in m
19、y knee. I ignored it for a month until I realized I was having a hard time putting weight on my right leg. I finally went to a doctor. It took four months of weekly physical therapy (治疗) to heal.”可知作者很后悔没有早点去检查受伤的膝盖,最后经过四个月的治疗才恢复。故D项正确。26Who didnt get enough water when running?ACali. BArnold. CKate.
20、 DSarah.答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“At the time, I told myself that it would be refreshing to sweat a little, but I didnt bring adequate water.”可知Sarah在跑步的时候没有带足够的水,导致最终缺水。故D项正确。27The examples of the four runners mainly show that _.Awe should warm up before runningBwe should bring enough water when runni
21、ngCwe shouldnt think running is very easyDwe shouldnt ignore any pain when running答案:C解析:主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Running seems easy enough: Just grab a pair of sneakers and put one foot in front of the other, right? Well, anyone who struggled to get through a mile knows its not quite that simple.”可知很多人认为跑步是一件
22、非常容易的事情,实际情况并非如此。文章列举了四个例子来证明跑步并不像人们认为的那么简单。故C项正确。COn a bright early summer morning, many young swimmers gather at a local swimming pool in the state of Maryland. They are members of a competitive summer swim team, and thats a regular part of their daily life. As they train and cut seconds off their
23、 times, which makes them closer to the championship in the following largescale (大规模的) competitions, they are getting lots of physical exercise and vitamin D from the sun. However, the benefits of belonging to a sports team are not just honor or health related. Team sports also help to build many li
24、fe skills.Paul Waas, coach of the swim team, explains, “The discipline (自制力) comes into play when youre talking about concentrating on the details that your coaches are saying as it makes you faster rather than just going up and down the pool the same way you have every time. When you focus on what
25、youre doing right and what you can do better, then youll see the improvement.”Besides, there is also responsibility, goals and workings within a group. Again, here is Coach Waas. “Its really great! Its so fun to watch from year to year. Ive had kids who, as 7yearolds on the team, could barely pay at
26、tention in practice and were only interested in who was going first. Now theyve come back as 8yearolds, having set some goals and having things that they want to achieve. These skills can help them a lot.”But playing the sports is not without harm. Some can be hard on the body. Young athletes suffer
27、 serious injuries that follow them into adulthood. Coach Waas says that in fact, swimming is different from most others. First, it poses a lower risk of injury. The second one relates to how swim teams are structured. Actually, children are not the only ones who can benefit. Adults can also benefit
28、from team sports.本文是说明文,主题语境是“人与社会”。参加团队体育运动不仅让你身体更健康,还会教会你许多有用的生活技能,无论是小孩还是大人都能从中受益。28Why do the swimmers gather at a swimming pool in the early morning?ATo obtain vitamin D from the sun.BTo build practical skills for future.CTo join in a largescale competition.DTo carry out their routine practice.
29、答案:D解析:考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“On a bright early summer morning, many young.members of a competitive summer swim team, and thats a regular part of their daily life.”可知,这些孩子一大早聚集在游泳池目的是练习游泳,这已是他们的惯例。29What do Paul Waas words imply in Paragraph 2?ASwimmers should concentrate on details.BMembers get disciplined
30、 and focused in the team.CCoaches play a key role in players improvement.DMost swimmers enjoy swimming in the same way.答案:B解析:考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The discipline (自制力) comes into play when youre talking about concentrating on the details.When you focus on what youre doing right and what you can do better”
31、可知,教练的话暗示在团队里练习时,队员会变得自律和专注,故B项符合题意。30What happens to the kids after a years training?AThey care more about who goes first.BThey pay less attention to training.CThey devote more time to practice.DThey are more aware of what to do.答案:D解析:考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now theyve come back as 8yearolds, having set so
32、me goals and having things that they want to achieve.”可知,教练Paul Waas讲述他的队员经过一年训练后,学会制定目标,即知道他们应该做什么,故选D项。31What does the author want to convey in the text?AExercise benefits everyone.BSwimming is better than other sports.CTeam sports teach life lessons.DPhysical exercise should be a habit.答案:C解析:考查主
33、旨大意。综合全文内容可知,本文主要讲了团队体育运动会教授许多对生活有用的技能和经验,比如自律、专注等。文中的“However, the benefits of belonging to a sports team are not just honor or health related. Team sports also help to build many life skills.”“These skills can help them a lot.”均是暗示。D Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and f
34、ailures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with hightech tools that can help farmers
35、 save time and money, while reducing environmentharming chemicals.One of the companies is ecoRobotix of Switzerland. It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of weeds. Computercontrolled arms
36、then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide (除草剂). Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also
37、control the equipment through a smartphone.The cofounder of ecoRobotix, Aurelien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Cur
38、rently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.Another company developing farm robotics is Californiabased Blue River Technology. The company has a system called “See & Spray”, which it claims was the worlds first smart sprayer. The systemwhich connects to the back
39、 of a tractoris also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vice president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same
40、deep learning methods used in facial recognition. “The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didnt know what kind of plant it was. But we taught itby giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweedand now its an expert in pigweed.”这是一篇说明文。农业是研究和开发人工智能的重要行业之一。文章介绍了两家公司正在开发的高科技工具,可以帮助农民节省时间
41、和金钱,同时减少对环境有害的化学物质。32How will AI benefit agriculture?AIt will fund agriculture research.BIt contributes to lowcost farming.CIt can avoid harmful chemicals.DIt frees all farmers from field work.答案:B解析:推理判断题。答案定位在第一段One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, o
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