2020-2021学年英语新教材人教版必修第一册学案：UNIT 3 突破语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、附加疑问句附加疑问句就是对陈述句所叙述的事情提出相反疑问的问句。主要表示以礼貌或委婉的语气提出要求、询问或确认信息等。读时前半部分用降调，后半部分既可用升调也可用降调。通常情况下，用升调时，多表示疑问或请求；用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。观察例句1Somebody phoned while I was out，didnt they?2Everything seems all right now，doesnt it?3This is important，isnt it?4One cant be too careful，can one/can you?5Learning how to rep

2、air motors takes a long time，doesnt it?6Theres something wrong，isnt there?7I told them not everybody could do it，didnt I?归纳用法一、附加疑问句的基本构成形式附加疑问句又叫反意疑问句，是英语口语中常用的一种疑问句式，由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句式，后一部分是疑问句式，两者用逗号隔开。疑问句式附加在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提问。附加疑问部分的句式是：助动词/情态动词/be动词主语。其中主语必须用代词，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。一般来讲，附加疑问句式肯否结构的选择

3、依据前面陈述句的形式，即如果前面的陈述部分用肯定形式，则后面的附加疑问部分用否定形式；如果前面的陈述部分为否定形式，则后面的附加疑问部分用肯定形式。They work hard，dont they?他们努力工作，不是吗?Lucy isnt beautiful，is she?露西不漂亮，是吗?名师点津(1)若陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，few，nothing等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用肯定式。He has few friends here，does he?他在这儿几乎没什么朋友，是吗?She said nothing，did she?她什么也没说，是不是?(2)若陈

4、述部分含有带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式。It is unfair，isnt it?这不公平，是吗?It is impossible，isnt it?那是不可能的，是吗?即学即练1完成下列附加疑问句You cant speak French，can you?They work there, dont they?Mary likes playing basketball in her spare time，doesnt she?This will not be mentioned at the meeting，will it?Its unbelievable, isnt it?Youve n

5、ever been to Qingdao，have you?二、附加疑问句的具体用法1附加疑问句的主语问题(1)基本原则：疑问部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致，且只能是代词。误：Mary is a nurse，isnt Mary?正：Mary is a nurse，isnt she?玛丽是护士，对吗?(2)当陈述部分为there be句型时，疑问部分的主语仍用there。There was nothing in the room，was there?房间里什么也没有，是吗?(3)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时，疑问部分的主语用it，they等代词。That is a new car，isnt it

6、?那是一辆新汽车，是吗?(4)当陈述部分的主语是somebody，someone，everyone，everybody，no one，nobody等复合不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语用he/they；当陈述部分的主语是something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语要用it。Nobody was late，were they?没有一个人迟到，是吗?Everything is ready，isnt it?一切都准备好了，是吗?Nothing is important，is it?没有什么重要的，不是吗?(5)当陈述部分的主语为动名词、不定

7、式或从句时，疑问部分的主语用it。Swimming is great fun，isnt it?游泳非常有趣，不是吗?即学即练2完成句子This is a lovely card，isnt it?这是一张漂亮的卡片，是吗?To swim in such cold water is crazy，isnt it?在这么冷的水里游泳真疯了，是不是?What he did really scared you, didnt it?他所做的事真的吓了你一跳，对吗?Nobody understood his speech, did they/he?没人能听懂他的讲话，是不是?There is somethin

8、g wrong with your watch, isnt there?你的手表出问题了，是吗?2某些特殊句型的反意疑问句(1)祈使句的反意疑问句表示肯定意义的祈使句，即表示“请求，提示”，其反意疑问句用will you，有时也可以用wont you。Go home now，will you?现在回家，好吗?Close the window，please，will you?请关上窗户，好吗?否定祈使句：以Dont开始的祈使句：表示“不要”，用will you提问。Dont be late again，will you?不要再迟到了，好吗?Dont forget to pay your inco

9、me tax，will you?不要忘了交个人所得税，好吗?Lets引导的祈使句表示“建议”，反意疑问句部分是shall we?Lets go for a walk，shall we?我们去散步，好吗?Lets have a rest now，shall we?我们休息一下，好吗?Let me或Let us引导的祈使句表示“请求”，反意疑问句部分为will you?Let me have a try，will you?让我试一下，好不好?Let us help，will you?让我们帮忙，行吗?(2)感叹句的反意疑问句：一律用否定式提问What a clever boy，isnt he?多么

10、聪明的男孩，是不是?What a lovely day，isnt it?天气真好，对不对?即学即练3完成下列附加疑问句Dont talk like that, will you?Lets go and have a rest, shall we?Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom, will/wont you?What an interesting book, isnt it?(3)陈述句含有情态动词must有两种情况must表示“必须”，反意疑问句部分为mustnt/neednt.?He must study hard at En

11、glish，mustnt he/neednt he?他必须努力学英语，是不是?You must go home now，neednt you/mustnt you?你必须现在回家，对不对?We mustnt be late，must we?我们不能迟到，对不对?must表示推测，“一定，肯定”，反意疑问句部分与must后面的动词呼应。You must be joking，arent you?你一定是在开玩笑，是不是?He must be ill，isnt he?他一定生病了，对吗?名师点津表推测的must的反意疑问句用must对过去的动作推测时，反意疑问句部分的助动词用did或have，而对过

12、去的状态推测时，反意疑问句部分的be动词用was。She must have finished her work，hasnt she/didnt she?她一定完成工作了，是不是?Jack must have arrived here yesterday，didnt/hasnt he?杰克一定是昨天到的，对吗?He must have been a policeman，wasnt he?他曾经一定是个警察，对吗?(4)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致。如：He said that he would come to my birth

13、day party，didnt he?他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗?陈述部分的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine，且主语为第一人称时，反问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致；陈述部分的主语为第二、三人称时，反问部分的主语和时态与陈述部分的主语、时态一致。如：I dont believe he will succeed，will he?我认为他不会成功，会吗?Tom doesnt believe Jane will succeed，does he?汤姆不相信简会成功，对吗?即学即练4完成句子We neednt finis

14、h it today, need/must we?我们不需要今天完成， 是吗?You must have told her about it, havent you?你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗?We dont believe we were defeated, were we?我们不相信我们被打败了，是吗?They said that the plan worked, didnt they?他们说计划奏效了，是吗?(5)陈述部分有动词have的附加疑问句当have为助动词时，其附加疑问句沿用同样的助动词。He has already left，hasnt he?他已经离开了，是吗?当have为

15、实义动词时，要分两种情况：若表示“所有”，附加疑问句可以用have，也可以用do；但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式，附加疑问句用have还是用do，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。He has a lot of friends here，hasnt/doesnt he?他在这儿有许多朋友，是吗?He hasnt any money，has he?他没有钱，是吗?He doesnt have any money，does he?他没有钱，是吗?若表示“吃；玩”等意思，附加疑问句要用do。He has supper at 5，doesnt he?他5点吃晚餐，是吗?He had a good tim

16、e at the party，didnt he?他在晚会上玩得很开心，是吗?即学即练5完成下列附加疑问句He has a car, hasnt/doesnt he?Jack had dinner with his mother at home yesterday，didnt he?I have to work this afternoon, havent I?You havent a pen pal in English，have/do you?三、回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则1不管是主句为否定，还是附加疑问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答

17、。如当对方问你You arent a teacher，are you?或You are a teacher，arent you?时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes，I am.否则，No，I am not.2要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不会出现类似于Yes，I dont.或No，I do.的形式。.单句语法填空1You must be nervous now，arent you?2They must have heard about it，havent they?3You must have watched the TV programme last mo

18、nth，didnt you?4I guess he will come to the party，wont he?5They think you should come along with them，dont they?6You havent been here long，have you?No，I havent.I am a newcomer here.7Let us have a walk after supper，will you?8Lets go shopping，shall we?9You arent a student，are you?Yes，I am.10The girl di

19、slikes playing football，doesnt she?.短文语法填空An old woman had a cat.The cat was very old；she could not run 1.quickly(quick)，and she could not bite.One day the old cat 2.saw(see) a mouse；she jumped and caught the mouse.3.But she could not bite it，so the mouse got out of 4.her(she) mouth and ran away.The

20、n the old woman became very angry because the cat 5.had not killed(not kill) the mouse.She began 6.to hit(hit) the cat.The cat said，“Do not hit your old servant，7.will you?”I have worked for you for many 8.years(year)，and I would work for you still，but I am too old.“Do not be 9.unkind(kind) to the old，but remember 10.what good work the old did when they were young.”