2022版高三英语人教版一轮总复习学案：1 语法 专题二 第6课　谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 WORD版含答案.doc

1、第6课谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 对应学生用书P225语法自测看高考怎么考单句语法填空1(2020新高考全国卷)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.2(2020新高考全国卷)Often, only a small part of a museums collection is (be) on display.3(2020新高考全国卷)The parts

2、 of a museum open to the public are called (call) galleries or rooms.4(2020全国卷)The unmanned Change4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddesstouched (touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin.5(2020全国卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist a

3、t Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed (construct).” 6(2020全国卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries (carry) special significance.7(2020全国卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river w

4、here he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.8(2020全国卷)The artist was sure he would be chosen (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed.9(2020浙江卷)And, as more children were born, more food was

5、needed (need).10(2020浙江卷)By about 6000 BC, people had discovered (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.11(2020浙江卷)New methods meant (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.12(2020天津卷改编)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain) around th

6、at level ever since.13(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.14(2019全国卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (

7、be) stable, one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.15(2019全国卷)On the last day of our weeklong stay，we were invited (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.16(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in th

8、e school wears the uniform, nobody has/will have (have) to worry about fashion (时尚).17(2019天津卷改编)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.18(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is (be) more effect

9、ive at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.19(2018江苏卷改编)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we will have developed (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.20(2018北京卷)Susan had quit her wellpaid job and was working (work) as a volunt

10、eer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.要点突破知内容有哪些考点1谓语动词的时态 /1一般现在时用法例句表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚餐后和妻子一块儿散步。表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。表示按时刻表、计划表将要发生的动作或

11、表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，用一般现在时Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20.看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.要是明天是晴天，我们就去那里。表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see，hear，smell，taste，feel，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等Lions and t

12、igers belong to the cat family.狮子和老虎属于猫科。2.一般过去时用法例句表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；也可用于表达过去的习惯In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.1931年，亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。续表用法例句在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义He said he would tell her about the

13、news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。表示说话人原来没有料到、想到、注意到、认出或忘记等I thought he was an honest man.我原以为他是个老实人。3. 现在进行时用法例句表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态I hear you are working in a pub.Whats it like?我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作Food supplies

14、 in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。与always，often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是为别人着想，而不为她自己考虑。4.过去进行时用法例句表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作He must have sensed that I wa

15、s looking at him.他一定感觉到了我正在看他。 表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然断电了。续表用法例句一些非延续性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，多用于从句中She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。5.一般将来时用法例句表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用will/shal

16、l动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next week等连用I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。be going to在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等You are to hand

17、 in your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语，可以和并列连词when引导的从句连用Im not about to stop when Im so close to success.在这样接近成功时，我不打算就此罢手。6.过去将来时用法例句表示从过去某时来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I would/should do next week.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周要/

18、应该干什么。7.现在完成时用法例句表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或已经完成的某一动作。常与lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till now，in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用In the past few years，thousands of films have been produced all over the world.在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。续表用法例句表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“for时间段”，“since时间点”等表示一

19、段时间的状语连用His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的另一部小说自上个月出版以来就获得了很好的评价。在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？下列句型中常用现在完成时：It is (has been)一段时间since从句This (That/It) is the first (second/.) time that现在完

20、成时This (That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting/.that现在完成时It has been/is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。8.过去完成时用法例句过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。在by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had do

21、ne for me.很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。续表用法例句下列句型中常用过去完成时：This/It/That was the first/.timethat sb.had done这是某人第几次做某事

22、It/This was the最高级名词that过去完成时It was/had been一段时间since sb.had done sth.自从某人做某事以来多久了hardly/scarcely.when./no sooner.than.，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我一到家，就下起了倾盆大雨。9. 现在完成进行时用法例句

23、表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作I have been calling him many times this morning，but theres no answer.今天上午我给他打了很多次电话，但目前一直没有收到答复。表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作Im very tired.I have been checking the students papers all the morning.我很累。我整个上午都在批改学生的试卷。10.将来进行时用法例句表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用Jane cant a

24、ttend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。即时训练单句语法填空1The moment she came in，she told (tell) me what had happened to her.2However，there is (be) another way of travellingpoorism，which is popular among the youngsters.3My br

25、other fell while he was riding (ride) his bicycle yesterday.4If someone dares to break into your house without permission，a little camera inside will take (take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone. 5We had planned (plan) to finish the work before dark，but we were held up by a heavy rain.6Peo

26、ple have attached (attach) great importance to the “Beginning of Summer” since ancient times.7. I will be doing (do) jobs about the house this time tomorrow.考点2谓语动词的语态 /1被动语态的构成时体现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式am/is/are donewas/were doneshall/will be doneshould/would be done进行式am/is/are being donewas/were being d

27、one/完成式has/have been donehad been doneshall/will have been doneshould/would have been done2.主动形式表被动意义用法例句表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, catch, draw, cut等，常与well, badly, easily, smoothly等副词连用The book sells well.这本书卖得很好。Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。系动词如smell, taste, feel, look

28、, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语This kind of wool shirt feels soft.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。当动词want, need, require, deserve后接动名词时The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。即时训练单句语法填空1Shortly after he passed his qualification tests，he was called (call) back to London to continue his research.2Facial recognition techn

29、ology has been extended (extend) into many areas of school life so far.3My new car handles (handle) really easily.4The window wont shut (shut).Would you please lend me a hand?考点3主谓一致 /1语法一致原则用法例句and连接两个或两个以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数Lucy and Lily are twin sisters.“the number of.”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； “a number of.”作主

30、语时，谓语动词用复数The number of travellers to London has dropped by 100，000.A number of factories have moved out of Beijing.many a, more than one接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs.More than one worker has finished the task.关系代词作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的数取决于先行词Im ready to do all those thing

31、s which are more challenging.They took the only free table, which was just inside the door.主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, rather than等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前名词的数保持一致They, together with my father, have gone to Washington.Tom, as well as his parents, goes to Beijing for a vis

32、it.Lily, rather than her two sisters, was admitted into Tsinghua University.2.意义一致原则用法例句表示时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数2，500 miles is a long distance.Two hours is too short for the visit.分数/百分数/all/some/most/the rest/the remaining/part of等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据of后的名词决定The rest of the workers are still very tired.T

33、he rest of the oil was wasted.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.“the形容词”表示一类人/物时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数Many of the wounded were on their way to hospital.The beautiful is loved by all.不可数名词、不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数Persuading him to join us seems really hard.To go to bed

34、early and to rise early is a good habit.Whatever was left was taken away.family, team, group, government等集体名词若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数Our team wins first in the game.My family are going on a trip this summer.population表示人口时，谓语动词用单数；当其前有分数、百分数修饰时，表示全体居民，这时谓语动词用复数The population of Canada is about

35、 29 million.A third of the population now smoke in this country.3.就近一致原则用法例句由or, either.or, neither.nor, not.but, not only.but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的单复数一致Was he or you able to persuade her? Neither he nor I am going to the cinema.There be句型中，若其后是由and连接的两个主语，则be动词应与最邻近的那个主语保持数的一致There is a wo

36、man and four men in this medical team.即时训练单句语法填空1Bread and butter is (be) not to his taste.2Is (be) fifty pounds enough?3Only 30% of the work was done (do) yesterday.4Nobody but Jim and Mike is (be) on the playground now.5As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lov

37、ers.(be)6Neither his parents nor I am (be) able to persuade him to change his mind.技巧点拨析典题如何考技巧1依据时间状语定时态 /动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。示例1Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.解析：题干中有表示过去的时间状语“about 100 BC.”，且当时间状语由介词by(不迟于，不晚于)引

38、导时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，谓语动词应用过去完成时。答案：had become示例2In the last few years, China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.解析：题干中的时间状语是“In the last few years”，表示动作“从过去一直到现在”，故所填词应用现在完成时。答案：has made技巧2依据其他动词定时态 /当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态依据其他动词来决定。示例3The real reason why prices

39、(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.解析：价格过去很高，现在仍然高的原因是很复杂的。根据“still are”现在仍然是，可以推断空处应该是填“be”的过去式。答案：were示例4Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he (be) a famous scientist whose theories would chang

40、e the world.解析：题干中虽然有时间状语“in 1879”，但这并非所填动词的动作发生的时间。由“guessed”可知，所填词的参照时间是过去，而他成为一位著名的科学家不是在他“是个小孩子”时，而是以后的事，即将来，所以所填词应用过去将来时。答案：was going to be技巧3依据句意或语境定时态 /当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填动词的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。示例5Is Peter coming? No, he (change) his mind after a phone call at the las

41、t minute.解析：题干中虽然有时间状语“at the last minute”和参照动词“is”，但它们都不能准确定位所填动词的动作发生的时间，因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。句意：彼得要来吗？不，当接到一个电话后，他在最后时刻改变了主意。由此可知，所填词的动作发生在过去，陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。答案：changed示例6When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I (not see) for years.解析：分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词；主语I与动词see之间是主动关系，故应使用主动语态，

42、空处所在句句末有“for years”，所以谓语动词see要用完成时态，且“多年未见”这一动作发生在“偶然遇到”之前，即“过去的过去”，故使用过去完成时。答案：hadnt seen技巧4依据固定句式定时态 /英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。1It is the first/second/.time that sb.has/have done.2It was the first/second/.time that sb.had done.3Sb.was/were doing sth.when.did.4Hardly/Scarcely h

43、ad sb.done sth.when.did.5Sb.be about to do sth.when.did.6Its (high) time that sb.did sth./should do sth.示例7It is the first time that I (be) to Beijing.解析：提示词为be动词，考虑设空处在从句中作谓语，并考虑时态和语态；再根据固定句式“It is the first time that sb.has/have done.”确定使用现在完成时。答案：have been技巧5依据主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词的语态被动语态中的主谓部分除了明显的被动关系外，还有特殊用法，如主动形式表被动意义。除此之外，还要考虑主谓一致问题。示例8Later，Nelson (award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.解析：根据语境可知，这里叙述的是过去的动作，提示此处应用一般过去时；Nelson与award为动宾关系，应用被动语态；且主语为Nelson，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填was awarded。答案：was awarded12