2022版高考英语外研版一轮复习学案：语法专题突破 专题十　名词性从句 WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家专题十名词性从句 考点精讲 考点一名词性从句的种类1主语从句it作形式主语，常见的句型有：(1)Itbe形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，important，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc. )that从句。(2)Itbe名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc. )that从句。(3)Itbe过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，

2、decided，announced，arranged，etc. )that从句。It is important that this mission (should) not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。(4)It 不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等) that从句。It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。2表语从句(1)because引导的表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。If Im a b

3、it sleepy，its because I was up all night. 如果我有点困，是因为一夜没睡。Thats why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。(2)由as if/as though引导的表语从句Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。3宾语从句(1)形式宾语it：在动词find，feel，consider，make，believe，think等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think i

4、t necessary that we take plenty of water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。(2)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。常见的动词有like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate等。He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。4同位语从句(1)分隔式同位语从句The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。(2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位

5、语从句是对前面名词的内容进一步解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释the news的内容)The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那

6、个消息”)特别提示：that，what引导名词性从句的区别：that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，定语，what表示“什么”；“的东西或事情”。请比较：What I need is more time. (what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)That I need more time to do the work is very clear. (that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)The village is no longer what it used to be. (what引导表

7、语从句，在从句中作表语)I had no idea what we should do next. (what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)He will tell us what he saw in London. (what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)考点二whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句1whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。(1)与or或or not连用时只能用whether。(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis

8、 of his illness. 我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病的关键时刻。2在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. 新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。考点三what，wh-ever引导的名词性从句1what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea. ”This is wha

9、t my mother used to tell me. “每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。2“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论哪一个/哪一些”。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. 任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。特别提示：“疑问词ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。Whatever you say，I will not believ

10、e you. (让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。但“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 难点释疑 难点一that与what引导名词性从句的区别that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“的东西或表情；什么样的”。That he failed in the test again really puzzled us. 他又一次没通过考试，这真让我们感到迷惑不解。(that在主语从句中不作成分，不可以省略)These photographs will show you what our village looks like.

11、 这些照片将向你展示我们村的面貌。(what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语)难点二wh-与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别连接词what，which，who分别表示“的东西或事情；什么”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anything that，any that，anyone who，意为“无论”，强调一切情况。试比较：What you choose to wear should be clean. 你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。Whatever you choose to wear should be clean. 无论你选择

12、穿什么，你的衣服应该是干净的。难点三：不能省略that的情况特殊情况例句that引导主语从句That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. 他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。that引导表语从句时The truth is that I didnt go there. 事实是我没有去那里。that引导同位语从句时 The news that our team has won is true. 我们队获胜的消息是真的。当that引导的从句作介词except, but，in等的宾语时They share little in commo

13、n except that they are from the same country. 除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略 I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will get better. 我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况会好起来的。当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，他已经表明了这一点。当that引导的宾语

14、从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时He announced，believe it or not，that he would never forgive her. 信不信由你，他宣布他永远不会原谅她。 解题策略 名词性从句解题三步走第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。第三步：如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整就用that。

15、【典例1】The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _what he thought was not enough. 解析： 介词for后缺成分，he thought作插入语，而且was前缺主语。在这种情况下用what，what可分解为the price that，原句可转化为“The shopkeeper did not want to sell for the price that he thought was not enough. ”。【典例2】 Massive Open Online Courses，called MOOCs, are chang

16、ing _how people learn in many places. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语从句中的方式状语，即“怎样学习”，故应用how。 易错聚焦 1语序问题(误)These pictures show you what_does_our_village_look_like. (正)These pictures show you what_our_village_looks_like. 宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误) Do_you_think which of these is the most useful invention?(正)Whic

17、h of these do_you_think is the most useful invention?在疑问句中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。2what和that的运用(误)America was that was first called “India” by Columbus. (正)America was what was first called “India” by Columbus. 在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外，我们可以把what解释为：the名词tha

18、t/which。3whether和if的运用(误) If well hold the party has not been decided yet. (正) Whether well hold the party has not been decided yet. whether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。4连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误)The reason why I was late is because I was trapped in the traffic jam. (正)The reason why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam. 第一句通过提取简化可得出：The reason is because 在英语中显然造成了重复现象。- 5 - 版权所有高考资源网