2022高考英语话题复习一轮主题训练(十八) 社会热点问题 WORD版含解析.doc
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1、主题训练(十八)社会热点问题大阅读提升阅读速度内化读文规律(满分70分,限时55分钟).阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)AA Center of Excellence in Child andAdolescent Health ResearchOur research center was created to promote the health of babies, children, adolescents, and young adults by advancing meaningful and creative clinical (临床的) research. Thro
2、ugh this website, we bring participants, families, researchers, health care providers, and the community into our research home where we can learn from one another. Together, we can promote the health of children and youth by advancing meaningful and innovative (创新的) clinical research.For Families &
3、 CaregiversCurrently, guidelines for treating children are often based on data from adult studies. To improve clinical care of children, more studies are needed focusing on childrens health with the goal to better diagnose, treat, and prevent the diseases that are specific to children. Learn how you
4、 can help doctors and nurses provide the best care.For Teens & Young AdultsWe need adolescents and young adults like you to help doctors and nurses provide the best care they can. Doctors and nurses use what they learn from research studies to take care of patients, but most of this research has bee
5、n done with adults. Your bodies are different from older adults and your health needs are different too! We need you to help us learn about the best treatments for teens and young adults and you can make a difference.For ChildrenConsidering the state of children treatment, child health research is t
6、he best way to advance medical care for children. We need children of different ages, genders, races, and neighborhoods to participate in studies so doctors will know which treatments work best for children.语篇解读:儿童和青少年健康研究中心号召儿童、青少年等参与研究来推进临床研究,其目的是促进儿童、青少年和青年的健康发展。1How will the center promote the h
7、ealth of children?ABy researching the effects of adult medicine on children.BBy making creative clinical research.CBy comparing and learning research results of the community.DBy connecting with families and communities regularly.解析:选B细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句和尾句可知,儿童和青少年健康研究中心旨在通过推进有意义和创造性的临床研究来促进儿童、青少年和青年的健
8、康发展。故B项正确。2What are guidelines on children treatment based on?AInformation from adult studies.BData from children too long ago.CStatistics in connection with parents.DExperience built up through generations.解析:选A细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“guidelines”定位到第二段第一句,由此可知,现在关于治疗儿童的指导原则通常是基于成人研究的数据。故选A。3Who does the pa
9、ssage ask for help for the research?ADoctors and researchers.BTeachers and researchers.CSocial health care workers.DTeens and young adults.解析:选D细节理解题。根据第三段的内容,尤其是第一句中的“We need adolescents and young adults like you”可知,文章呼吁青少年和青年来帮助进行研究。故选D。B(2021湖北四校联考)Overcoming extreme cold, cruel ice and people di
10、smissing him as mad, Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski nonstop down Mount Everest.After a dramatic fall over almost sheer cliffs of snow, stones and ice, 38yearold Kamicar emerged in his base camp after five hours of skiing. “I feel only happiness and tiredness,” he said.At one s
11、tage he had to speed over stretches of ice that collapsed and broke underneath him and could have sent him falling into the deep crevasses (裂缝) that dot the mountain.The descent (下落) had been seen by many as insanely dangerous. The Darwin Awards website, which documents deaths which are foolhardy,_u
12、rged people to log on to Internet broadcasts of the attempt. “Keep your eyes peeled for a live Darwin Award,” it said.However, the only body to make the news was the corpse (尸体) of an unknown mountaineer which Kamicar zipped past as he descended, one of an estimated 120 corpses, thought to litter th
13、e slopes.“This mountain is always full of surprises. Seeing a dead man out there was a really shocking experience,” he said.Thanks to strategically placed cameras on the mountain and one attached to his safety helmet, hundreds of thousands of people witnessed his descent on the Internet, which was o
14、ne of the record highs ever. During the run more than 650,000 hits were registered on his expedition website jamming it for a time as others tried to access the site.Weather conditions were so severe that Kamicar had to abandon plans to rest on the summit before attempting to descend. Instead, suffe
15、ring from fatigue, as soon as he reached the top he put on his skis and flung himself back down the mountain.Dealing with the mountain had already cost Kamicar two fingers when a previous failed attempt saw him get frostbite as a fierce storm lashed the peak.Kamicar comes from a skiing family and to
16、ok part in his first Himalayan skiing expedition in 1989. Since then, he has been tireless in raising funds and sponsorship for more expeditions, with Everest as the permanent goal.语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了斯洛文尼亚人达沃卡米卡成为第一个不间断地滑下珠穆朗玛峰的人,并创造了历史新纪录。4Davo Kamicar made history by _.Askiing down Mount Everest wi
17、thout restBdescending Mount Everest within the shortest time everCattracting largest number of audience online for his descentDbecoming the first to film his descent down Mount Everest解析:选A细节理解题。由第一段“Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski nonstop down Mount Everest.”可知,达沃卡米卡成为第一个不间断地滑
18、下珠穆朗玛峰的人。故选A。5The underlined word “foolhardy” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.Asudden and hard to acceptBtaking unnecessary risksCattracting public attentionDworking hard to fool others解析:选B词义猜测题。由第四段“The descent (下落) had been seen by many as insanely dangerous.”可知,许多人认为这种下降是极其危险的,所以推断出foo
19、lhardy的意思是“冒不必要的风险”。故选B。6According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?AKamicar saw about 120 dead bodies littering the slope.BThe broadcast of his descent online was cancelled because of the website jam.CKamicars family had a tradition to conquer Mount Everest.DThis was not Ka
20、micars first attempt on Mount Everest.解析:选D细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“when a previous failed attempt saw him get frostbite as a fierce storm lashed the peak”可知,这不是卡米卡第一次尝试征服珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。7Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?AMad Man Skis down EverestBDarwin Award for Davo KamicarCExtreme Sp
21、orts Hero Slides to a RecordDBody of Mountaineer Found on Everest解析:选C标题归纳题。通读全文可知,斯洛文尼亚人达沃卡米卡成为第一个不间断地滑下珠穆朗玛峰的人,许多人认为这种极限运动是极其危险的,但达沃卡米卡成功做到了,并创造了历史新纪录。故选C。CThree scientists, John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino, have won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on l
22、ithiumion (锂离子) batteries. John B. Goodenough worked at the University of Texas at Austin. At 97, he is the oldest person to ever receive a Nobel Prize. Whittingham works at Binghamton University in New York. Yoshino works in Japan at Asahi Kasei Corporation in Tokyo. All three will receive a medal
23、and together split the prize of 9 million Swedish kronor (about D|S900,000)Alessandro Volta showed the first electric battery in 1800. Since then, scientists have been working to build better ones. Todays winners were honored for pioneering the lithiumion battery. Lightweight and rechargeable, these
24、 batteries can be found in everything from portable electronic products to electric cars and bicycles. They also provide a way to store energy from renewable energy sources, such as solar power and wind power.In the 1970s, Whittingham began experimenting with lithium for his rechargeable battery. It
25、 could supply 2 volts (伏特). Goodenough sought to improve on Whittinghams design over the next decade. He doubled the voltage (电压) to 4 volts. Thats about what it takes to power a modern smartphone. In 1985, Yoshino explored and created an anode from a byproduct of oil production. Later, he created a
26、 safer and more durable 4volt rechargeable battery. That design was used for the first lithiumion batteries to hit the stores. That was in 1991.Chemist Olof Ramstrm is a member of the 2019 Nobel Committee for chemistry. He spoke during the announcement of the prize made by the Royal Swedish Academy
27、of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden. “This battery has had an important impact on our society,” he said. “Its clear that the discoveries of our three winners really made this possible.”At a news conference, when asked if he had expected to win, Goodenough replied: “I didnt expect anything!” He said hed
28、 donate his share of the winnings “to my university to support people who work there”Lithiumion batteries now perform much better than those in 1991. Over the past two decades or more, researchers have been working very hard. And its paid off. The energy available from these batteries has doubled, e
29、ven tripled, in some cases, and the life cycle has improved greatly. Today, you can recharge these batteries thousands of times. They also have gotten safer and less costly.语篇解读:2019年10月9日,瑞典皇家科学院宣布,将2019年诺贝尔化学奖授予约翰B.古迪纳夫、M.斯坦利惠廷厄姆和吉野彰,以表彰他们在锂离子电池研发领域做出的贡献。8Who is the oldest Nobel Prize winner?AAkir
30、a Yoshino.BAlessandro Volta.CJohn B. Goodenough.DM. Stanley Whittingham.解析:选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At 97, he is the oldest person to ever receive a Nobel Prize”可知,John B. Goodenough是迄今为止年龄最大的诺贝尔奖获得者。9Why was the Nobel Prize given to the three scientists?AThey made the first electric battery.BThey discovered
31、 lithiumion in the world.CThey invented ways to store the green energy.DThey created and improved lithiumion batteries.解析:选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Todays winners were honored for pioneering the lithiumion battery”可知,三位科学家被授予诺贝尔奖是因为他们在锂离子电池制造方面起到了先锋的作用。10What does Goodenough think of his winning the Nobel Pri
32、ze?AIt is unfair.BIt is a certainty.CIt is unexpected. DIt is unreasonable.解析:选C推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Goodenough replied: I didnt expect anything!”可知,古迪纳夫对于自己获得诺贝尔奖这件事感到出乎意料。11What is the last paragraph mainly about?AThe long history of the lithiumion battery.BThe present actualities of lithiumion batteries
33、.CThe recharging times of lithiumion batteries.DThe energy available from lithiumion batteries.解析:选B主旨大意题。最后一段主要说明锂离子电池的现状。D(2021安徽省五校联考)Weather could power the next generation of smart windows. Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation (降水). The approach offers
34、 an alternative to other smart windows powered by batteries, solar panels, and even standard power outlets. “The creation represents a new kind of renewable energy source,” says Liming Dai, a nanomaterial engineer at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, who was not involved in the res
35、earch.Smart glass, which changes its characteristics to block out light, has been around for decades. Common examples include glarefighting rearview (后视) car mirrors and windows that change color for energy savings and privacy. But many are expensive, and people are still looking for ecofriendly way
36、s to power the windows. Batteries and plugin outlets arent apparently “green”, and builtin solar panels can cloud or hide parts of the glass.In experiments, the glass produced up to 130 milliwatts per square meter, enough to power a pacemaker or a smart phone while its asleep, the team reported onli
37、ne last month in ACS Nano. This output might suit many applications, such as being a power source for home or office electronics, says codeveloper and scientist Zhong Lin Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. Since their first project in 2012, a lightup sidewalk powered by footstep
38、s, he and his colleagues have miniaturized their generators to create everything from selfcleaning keyboards to sensors for security systems.But Wang and his colleagues still have more work to do before this smart glass is ready for commercialization. Now, the glass has no way to store the energy it
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2019届人教A版数学必修二同步课后篇巩固探究:2-1-1 平面 WORD版含解析.docx
