天津市武清区杨村第四中学2013届高考英语一轮复习语法专题八：情态动词用法详解.ppt

1、高三英语总复习语法训练情态动词用法详解情 态 动 词 的 定 义1.是一种表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词2.但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语,3.虽有时态的变化，但却没有人称和数的变化4.变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词，而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句，直接在情态动词后加not，构成否定句。学.科.网 We can be there on time tomorrow.May I have your name?Shall we begin now?You must obey the school rules.情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：有can(could),m

2、ay(might),must,need,dare(dared),shall,will(would),should,ought to,have to,used to,had better,would rather 等情 态 动 词 的 种 类情 态 动 词 的 位 置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。I can see you.Come here.He must have been away.What can I do for you?How dare you treat us like that!情 态 动 词 的 用 法 要 点1表示能力的can/could和b

3、e able to 1)can表示具有某种能力或技能，意为“能，会”。Who can answer this question?2)can 的过去式为could，但它通常只表示过去一般性能力，不表示过去特定场合下的能力，遇此情况要用was/were able to。如：I could run faster then.我那时能跑得更快一些。They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up.他们在船爆之前跳入海里。3)be able to 有时态，人称，数的变化，amisarewill be waswere able

4、to。学.科.网2表示许可1)Shallmaymightcancould Iwe?Shall he shethey?Wouldwill you?Could(Can,May,Might)I use it?Yes,you can(may)可以。(不用could/might)-no,Im afraid not.在答语中表示允许别人做某事要用can/may，不能用 could/might。学.科.网2)Must提问时，表示必须做某事。如：Must I speak of it again?yes you must.-no,you neednt.you dont have to.3)Shall 与you及

5、第三人称时，表命令、警告、威胁：宣布法律时也需用shallYou shall leave the room at once Each member shall wear a name card.3.表推测表示说具体事情发生的可能性词形肯定式否定式疑问式Must必定，必然_Can_不可能有可能吗？Could 微弱的可能不可能有可能吗？Maymight或许，也许或许不，可能不_Shouldought按说应该应该不会_Willwould很可能，大概不会，不该 会吗？表推测时 can/may/could/must的区别从表格来看：must 表示推测通常只用于肯定句Can常用于否定句和疑问句may用于肯

6、定句和否定式，含义不同(cannot不可能，暗示惊讶或不相信；may not可能不)；学.科.网如：She cant be in the office now.This may not be done by him.I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep4shall 与 will 的用法区别1)shall 除用于第一人称表示单纯将来外，还可用于陈述句第二、三人称，表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等。如：He shall have a bicycle for his birthday.他可以得到一辆自行车作为生日礼物。will 可以表示习惯

7、和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”。表示“意愿”I will call you as soon as possible.Who will do the job?He would not let me try.The door wont open.3)Shall I(we)？可用于征求意见等，Will you？可用于表示请求或邀请等。如：Shall I turn on the light?学.科.网5need和dare的用法need和dare可用作实义动词和情态动词，用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句；用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，没

8、有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形。如：You need not payit is free.We need to have lots of patience.Need I come?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.You neednt telephone him now.She dare not go out alone at night.注意：need 表示“需要”，其后可接动名词，且要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The room needs cleaning.二、情态动词的完成式和进行式 modal verb+have done:对过去发生的事情进行评价、猜测

9、，表示“应当已经、想必已经、本 来可以做但未做”I should have finished the work earlier.He isnt here.He must have missed the train.Where can(could)he have gone?You could(might)have been more careful.You ought to have come,but why didnt you?modal verb+be doing:对正在发生的事情进行评价、猜测，表示“想必正在、可能正在、应 当正在”Its 12 oclock.They must be ha

10、ving lunch.They may be discussing the problem.He cant be telling the truth.She shouldnt be working like that.She is still so weak.情 态 动 词 的 用 法1.can(could)表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。Can you pass me the books?你能给我递一下书吗?Could you help me,please?请问,你能帮助我吗?What can you do?你能干点什么呢?Can you

11、be sure?你有把握吗?can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用be able to 来表示。He could help us at all.他完全可以帮助我们。With the teachers help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.有老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。2.may(might)“可以”，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may take the book home.你可以把书带回家去。May I come in?我可以进来吗?May I use your dictionary?我可以

12、用你的词典吗?You may put on more clothes.你可以多穿点衣服。He said he might lend us some money.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may 否定式为 may not,缩写形式是 maynt。might 是may 的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。He told me he might be here on time.他说他能按时间来。Might I borrow some money now?我可以借点钱吗?He might be alive.他可能还活着。3.must“必须；应该

13、；一定；准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时，过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。You mustnt work all the time.你不能老是工作。Must I return the book tomorrow?我必须明天还书吗?After such a long walk,you must be tired.走了这么长的路,你一定累了。He must be the man I am looking for.他一定是我要找的人

14、。He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day.那天他要走，因为有人叫他。值得注意的是：（1）must+have+过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。He must have told my parents about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。He must have received my letter now.他现在一定收到我的信了。Its six oclock already,we must have been late again.已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。（2）must 和 have to 的区别:m

15、ust 表示说话人的主观思想,have to “不得不,必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。You must do it now.你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)I have to go now.我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)You must be here on time next time.你下次一定要按时来。I have to cook for my child.我得给孩子做饭。4.need“需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗?You need not hand in the paper

16、 this week.这一周你不必交论文。need 是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样，但need 还可当作实义动词使用，这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带 to 的动词等特性。I need a bike to go to school.我上学需要一辆自行车。Do you need a dictionary?你需要词典吗?She needs a necklace.她需要一条项链。注意：“neednt+have+过去分词”表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You neednt have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。5.dare“敢

17、”，多用在否定或疑问句中。The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。Dare you catch the little cat?你敢抓小猫吗?dare 除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用，用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。Do you dare to walk in the dark?你敢黑夜走路吗？He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。6.ought“应当；应该”，后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。You

18、 ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。You ought to bring the child here.你应该把孩子带来。ought+to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。You ought to have been here yesterday.你昨天就应该来。ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。You ought not to have taken the book

19、 out of the reading-room.你不应该把书带出阅览室。7.will(would)表决心、愿望。would 为 will 的过去式,可用于各人称。Ill do my best to catch up with them.我要尽全力赶上他们。Ill never do it again,thats the last time.我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。He said he would help me.他说他会帮助我。will,would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would 比 will 更婉转,客气。Its hot.Will you open the

20、windows?天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?Will you help me to work it out?你能帮我解这道题吗?Would you like some coffee？给你来点咖啡怎样？8.shall,should 表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议,惊奇。You should hand in the exercise book.你应该交作业本儿了。This should be no problem.这应该没问题。Shall we go now?我们现在可以走了吗?Why should I meet him？为什么我要见他?情态动词专练题1.Put on more cloth

21、es.You be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A.can B.could C.must D.would2.Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?No,_.A.you shouldnt B.you might not C.you neednt D.you mustnt3.You to attend the meeting,but you didnt.A.should come B.would have come C.came D.should have come4.We didnt see

22、Tom at the meeting yesterday.He it.A.mustnt have attended B.cannot have attended C.neednt have attended D.would have not attended5.Tom went on foot,but he by bus.A.might go B.may go C.could have gone D.ought have gone 6.We play chess than bridge.Some of us dont know how to play bridge.A.had better B

23、.would better C.would rather D.had rather7.There is someone knocking at the door.it be Tom?A.Can B.Must C.Should D.Ought8.There was a lot of time.He.A.mustnt have hurried B.neednt have hurried C.could have hurried D.ought to have hurried9.We didnt study Chemistry last night,but we.A.had studied B.co

24、uld C.should D.could have10.One ought for what one hasnt done.A.not to be punished B.to not be punished C.to not punished D.not be punished 11.May I pick a flower in the garden?.A.No,you neednt B.Not,please C.No,you mustnt D.No,you wont12.Could I call you by your first name?Yes,you.A.will B.could C.

25、may D.might13.Two years ago,my husband bought me a bicycle.If you live in town,it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking.A.must not B.may not C.should not D.dont have to14.I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning.She at the meeting.A.mustnt have spoken B.shouldnt have spoken

26、C.neednt have spoken D.couldnt have spoken15.I wonder how he that to the teacher.A.dare to say B.dare saying C.not dare say D.dared say 16.You take your umbrella.I am sure it wont rain.A.shouldnt B.cant C.dont have to D.mustnt17.The dog hibernate in winter.A.dont need B.doesnt need to C.needs not to

27、 D.needs not18.Look what you have done.You have been careful.A.should B.can C.must D.may19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday,or I him.A.would see B.could meet C.might have seen D.might see20.Lets go to the cinema,shall we?A.No,I cant B.Yes,I will C.Yes,thank you D.No,wed better not 21.If you had

28、 been more careful,you have made so many mistakes.A.wont B.wouldnt C.may not D.mustnt22.Whenever Mother was not here,the children make a lot of noise.A.will B.would C.were to D.were going to23.Why is it so dark.There be a heavy rain coming.A.shall B.may C.should D.will24.Tom is late.What to him?A.sh

29、ould have happened B.must have happened C.can have happened D.would have happened25.Tom,you play with the knife,you hurt yourself.A.wont,could B.mustnt,may C.shouldnt,must D.cant,should 26.“Can you imagine how about it?”“No,I cant.”A.could they know possibly B.could they possibly know C.they could p

30、ossibly know D.possibly they could know27.Tom full marks,but he was too careless a spelling mistake.A.could gain,to make B.could have gained,to make C.could have gained,and made D.could have gained,as to make28.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day.A.dare fighting off B.dared fight off C.dare to fight off D.dared fighting off29.the man there be our new teacher?He be,but Im not sure.A.May,mustnt B.Can,may C.Must,cant D.Can,cant30.Someone is knocking at the door.Who it be?It be Tom.He is still in the school.A.can,cant B.can,mustnt C.might,could D.might,may Good-bye!