2020年中考英语语法特色题型特训专题12书面表达说明文.doc

1、书面表达特训一、书面表达的体裁书面表达是一项能够充分考查学生语言综合运用能力的题型。主要有以下常用形式。1.记叙文记叙文以记叙或描写为主要手段，通过写人、记事、写景把事情的经过或者事物发展变化的过程表述出来。记叙文有“六要素”：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。写作的时候需要注意以下几点：(1)仔细审题，确定好主题和写作视角，打好腹稿。(2)文章安排要讲究前后过渡，留有伏笔，相互照应。(3)文章内容要丰富充实，前后呼应，首尾相扣。2.应用文 主要包括：书信（包括电子邮件）、日记、通知、启事、便条、发言稿、倡议书、调查报告。它们各有各的格式，注意审题，把握有关信息。3.说明文主要包括介绍

2、地点、人物、图片图表说明、旅游安排、工作程序等。我们可以从以下两个方面着手训练：(1)写作顺序：应对事物的特征做出直接、明确的说明。说明顺序可以分时间顺序、空间顺序和认知顺序等。(2)写作方法：说明文的写作方法一般有列举说明、举例说明、定义说明和比较说明等。二、写作方法和技巧1.细心审题，明确要求。审题时要对所提供的信息加以分析、整理，使之更加具体化、条理化，还要搞清题目的要求，以便根据不同的题材、体裁，写出不同格式的文章，此外，还要注意人称、时态、地点等信息，避免出错。2.抓住重点，理顺要点。根据题目所提供的信息，草拟提纲，分清各要点之间的内在联系及逻辑次序，分出层次，确保表达内容条理清楚。

3、3.遣词造句，表达规范。用词要适当，不可生拼硬凑。尽量使用短句（简单句），正确使用关联词，注意时态、语态的各种句式的交替作用，使文章显得得体，表达流畅。4.连句成篇，修改润色。将写好的句子组织起来，检查主题是否明确，表达方式是否恰当，所写内容是否切题，所用时态、人称是否符合要求，段落、句子是否完整，句子表达是否准确，语法、拼写、标点、移行、大小写等方面是否有误，还要注意文章词数是否达到了要求。书面表达专题 1 说明文（一）被誉为“情歌小王子”的徐杰在2009年参加了一系列的比赛和综艺活动，从而成为深受大家喜爱的小歌手。请根据下面的中文小档案写一篇英语小短文，介绍他的情况。文章开头已给出。要求：

4、80词左右；语法正确，意思连贯。姓名：徐杰英文名：Jeff生日：1998年9月16日出生地：台湾家庭成员：父母、妹妹、弟弟兴趣：音乐、钓鱼、下棋、弹钢琴、唱歌、跳舞喜爱的歌手：梁静茹（Fish Leong）、张韶涵（Angela Chang）喜欢的季节：秋天喜欢的颜色：蓝色最大的梦想：成为歌手 Xu Jie is very popular as a little singer now. _（二）香港是中国领土的重要组成部分之一，请根据提示写一篇短文，简要介绍香港的情况(词数80左右)。1.位置(华南，紧邻广东省)。2.人口(630万，中国人为主)。3.回归(take over)，是香港人民及全

5、国人民的愿望。4.国际大都市(international city)，被誉为东方之珠(the Oriental Pearl)和购物天堂(Shopping Heaven)，海洋公园(the Ocean Park)不容错过。_（三）世界在发展，文化在交融，英语已经成为人们沟通的桥梁。怎样学好英语是我们一直在探索的问题。几年的学习经历你一定积累了许多成功的经验，请从听、说、读、写四方面谈谈你的建议。要求：1. 词数：80100词(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 2. 字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰。_（四）你所在的地区要举办一届服装节，你要负责传统服装的介绍。中国的服装有着悠久的历史，最具代表性

6、的有唐装、旗袍请你对自己熟悉的传统服装作个介绍，词数在6080之间。Ladies and gentlemen，Its my honor to introduce . _（五）昨天是母亲节，你为妈妈做了一道水果沙拉。根据参考词汇，用英语写一篇短文，叙述你制作水果沙拉的过程。词数在80个左右。1. Wash different fruits and peel(剥皮);2. Cut them and mix them up(混合); 3. Add salad, cream and stir(搅拌)_（六）因为各种各样的原因，读书是一种很好的爱好，请谈谈读书的好的理由。参考词：1. fun；relax

7、ing（放松）；2. convenient (方便)；3. useful (有用的)（七）从现实生活的角度谈谈安全防范意识，写一篇不少于80个单词的说明文（开头已经给出，单词数忽略不计）。Some Advice on SafetyAlways play in a safe place. A park is a safe place because there is no cars or trucks._（八）发挥想象，为日常生活中的某件物品设计添加新功能，同时说明设计理由。体裁属于说明文，时态以一般现在时为主，人称可根据具体情况确定。参考范文（一）Xu Jie is very popular

8、as a little singer now. Jeff is his English name. He was born in Taiwan on September 16, 1998. There are five people in his family his parents, his younger sister and younger brother. He is very interested in music, fishing, and chess. He also likes playing the piano, singing and dancing. His favour

9、ite singers are Fish Leong and Angela Chang. Autumn is his favourite season, and he likes blue best. His dream is to become a singer in the future.（二）Hong Kong lies in the south of China. It is next to Guangdong Province. Hong Kong has a population of over 6,300,000. Most people there are Chinese. I

10、n building new Hong Kong, the Chinese people play a very important part. Hong Kong was taken over by China on July 1st, 1997. It is the wish of all Chinese people, including the people of Hong Kong.Hong Kong is known as the Oriental Pearl and Shopping Heaven. It is a beautiful international city. If

11、 you have a chance to go there, you should have a good visit to the Ocean Park.This is Hong Kong, an important part of China.（三）How to learn English wellEnglish is important and useful to us. How can we learn it well? Here are my suggestions.First, we should often listen to the tapes, English songs

12、and programs. Watching English movies is also helpful to us. Second, we should speak English in class as much as possible. Dont be afraid of making mistakes. The more you speak, the fewer mistakes youll make. Wed better join the English club and practice with others. Third, we can read more English

13、newspapers and magazines. Its good for us. At last, we should recite some good passages and keep diaries.In a word, as long as we do more listening, speaking, reading and writing, we will learn English well.（四）Ladies and gentlemen,Its my honor to introduce Chinese traditional costumes to you. First,

14、 lets look at the Tang costume. The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture. It has a long history. It became known to other countries during the Han and Tang dynasties. People can wear it on casual or formal occasions. It expresses both the wearers personal style and Chinas rich

15、 traditional culture. Now lets see another Chinese traditional costumecheongsam. People usually call the cheongsam “qipao” in most parts of China. It came into history in the Qing dynasty and began to become popular in the 1920s. Now more and more people like it. Many foreign women like it, too.That

16、s all. Thank you for listening. （五）Mothers DayYesterday was Mothers Day. I made a dish of fruit salad for my mom. First, I took an apple, a pear, some purple grapes, an orange and some bananas. Then I washed and peeled them. After that I cut them into small pieces and put them on the plate, and then

17、 I added some sugar, a little salad and some cream. The last thing I did was to stir and mix them up. I put the purple grapes around the plate, and my fruit salad looked more beautiful. After I finished my fruit salad, I put it on the table and sang some songs to my mom. My mom felt so happy, and I

18、was very happy, too. (六)Reading books is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading books is fun. You can always keep yourself happy if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a relaxing hobby, too. You can really become lost in a book. Next, Reading is

19、a convenient hobby，you can read a book anywhere: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane or in bed. it is easy to stop and then start again. Another good reason for reading books is that it is useful. Reading books makes you read faster and become easier at understanding what you read，the more you r

20、ead, the better you are. Reading books is a wonderful hobby. Why not start reading right now?（七）Some Advice on SafetyWe must always be careful. You can play in the park because there is no cars or trucks. But do not talk to strangers. Before crossing the road, stop and look both ways. Keep away from

21、 houses or buildings that are being built. Something might fall on your head, or you might cut yourself on broken glass. Medicines or pills can be dangerous. Never swallow any pills or medicines you find in the cupboard. Dont swim in the pool or river without adults. Its dangerous to fall into the w

22、ater.Do not put your head out of a car, bus or train. Many children have been killed by doing this.(八)My Magic ShoesTo make our life easier and the environment more beautiful, I have designed a pair of magic shoes. Compared to the traditional ones, they have three new unique functions.Firstly, the s

23、hoes are made from specially produced recycled paper which can stand high pressure and temperature and will never wear out.Secondly, theres no need for you to wash them, for they wash themselves.Most magically, they can be used as a means of transportation. When you want to get somewhere quickly, they will speed up by themselves and you will have a sense of flying. Because of these shoes, in the future fewer and fewer people will drive cars. In this way our world will be greener and cleaner.