人教新课标版高中英语必修五 Unit 5First aid知识讲解.doc

1、Unit 5 First aid 学习目标重点词汇aid, injury, poison，variety, electric, swell, damage, stick, treat，apply重点短语fall ill, in place, a number of, put ones hands on, over and over again, squeeze out, make a difference重点句型系表结构get done强调句型知识讲解重点短语aid【原句回放】First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who

2、suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救是在医生到来之前对突然生病的人或受伤者的一种暂时的救助。【点拨】aid n./ vt. 援助，救助，帮助1. 用作名词的aid，还可以表示“有帮助的事物”或辅助手段等。An English dictionary is an important aid in learning English. 英语词典是重要的学习英语的工具。 Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. 老师们借助于计算机讲课。 H

3、e raised money in aid of the sick. 他筹款帮助病人。2. 用作动词的aid： 常用搭配：aid sb in/ with sth. 在某事上帮助某人aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 I aided the people who suffered from the big earthquake with money.我用钱来援助在地震中受灾的人们。Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron. 维生素C有助于铁的吸收。 Weve aided him to finish the work ahead of ti

4、me. = Weve aided him in finishing the work ahead of time. 我们已帮助他们提前完成了工作。【拓展1】常用含aid的短语：first aid 急救； in aid of 用于援助 with the aid of 借助于 give / offer aid 援助 come to sbs aid 帮助某人 cut off aid (突然) 终止援助 medical aid 医疗救护 a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids 教具【拓展2】辨析：aid, assist，help1. aid指受助者处境困难或危险，急需“援助”或“

5、救助”，常用于aid sb. in/ with sth.结构。2. assist 着重指“协作”，帮助做部分事情，尤其是不很重要的部分，常用于assist (sb.) in/ with sth.或assist (sb.) in doing sth.结构。3. help含义较广，帮助可大可小，强调受助者对帮助的需要，常用于help sb. with sth. 或help sb. (to) do sth.结构中。Would you be kind enough to assist me in the experiment?能麻烦你在这个实验中协助我吗？Cleaner water will help

6、 prevent disease. 更纯净的水有助于防止疾病。injury【原句回放】Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 通常这种病或伤势并不严重，但是在一些情况下迅速给予急救能挽救生命。【点拨】injury n. 伤害，损害；损伤，伤口（表示对情感的伤害时，不可数，常用于法律）常用搭配：suffer an injury 受到伤害 escape/ avoid an injury 没有受伤do an i

7、njury to sb. = do sb. an injury 对某人有害 She has recovered from the injures suffered in the accident. 她已经从事故中受到的伤害中恢复过来了。What he said was an injury to her fame. 他说的话是在玷污她的名声。 【拓展】 injure vt. 使受伤，伤害，伤（某人的自尊、名誉等），常用被动语态。常用短语：get /be injured受伤There were two people injured in the car accident. 这次汽车事故中有两个人受

8、伤。Your remark may injure her pride. 你的话也许会伤了她的自尊。注意：injure, hurt与wound的区别：1. injure 多指意外事故中受伤；也表示伤害某人的自尊等。2. hurt常指因不小心或意外引起的伤害，更强调这种身体伤害引起的疼痛，也可指对人的感情的伤害。3. wound指利器或枪炮等使人受伤，也可指使某人不快或心烦的情感伤害。I hurt my finger in the door. 我的手指被门挤了。I was very much hurt at his words. 他的话伤透了我的心。Nothing hurts more than

9、a bad tooth. 没有比牙痛更痛的了。50 people were seriously wounded in the attack. 袭击中有50人受重伤。poison【原句回放】You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the suns harmful rays. 皮肤有三层，可以防病、防毒、抵御太阳的有害光线的侵害。【点拨】1. poison n. 毒药，毒物The plant contains a deadly poison. 这种植物含有剧毒。Anger a

10、nd hatred are poisons that destroy a persons emotional life.愤怒和仇恨是摧毁人的情感生活的毒药。2. poison vt. 杀死，毒死，毒化，对.有不良影响I hate these violent videos that poison the minds of the young.我讨厌这些毒害年轻人心灵的暴力录像。The king feared that someone had poisoned his food. 国王害怕有人给他的食物下毒。【拓展】poisonous adj. 有毒的poisonous mushrooms / s

11、nakes 毒蘑菇/ 毒蛇variety【原句回放】You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, . 你可能因多种情况受伤：灼热的液体、水蒸汽.【点拨】variety n. 不同种类，多种式样；多样化，综艺节目常用短语：a variety of 多种的，各种各样的There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有各种各样的图案从中选择。I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer. 我对出售中的各式餐具印象

12、很深。There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.她无法给单调的日常生活增添些趣味。【拓展】various adj. 各种各样的 vary v. 使多样化，(使)变化，不同electric【原句回放】Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. 例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。【点拨】electric adj.电的，用电的，一般指用电

13、作动力的。an electric kettle 电水壶 an electric razor电剃刀electric shock 触电，电休克【拓展1】electricity n. 电，电力 electronics n. 电子学【拓展2】对比：electric，electrical，electronic这三个词都是形容词：electric 多指用电作为动力的。electrical表示与电力生产或使用相关的。electronic电子的，电子器件的如：an electrical fault 电力故障 an electrical engineer 电力工程师This heavy freighter is

14、 driven by two electric motors. 这艘沉重的货船由两个电动发动机驱动。 The electric cooker isnt working because of an electrical fault. 由于电力故障电炉不能使用了。 The boys are crazy about electronic music. 这些男孩酷爱电子音乐。swell【原句回放】First degree burns: dry, red and mildly swollen 一度烧伤：干燥、发红、微肿【点拨】swell v. （使）膨胀；隆起。注意其过去式、过去分词是swelled，s

15、wollen。His ankle was already starting to swell. 他的脚踝已经开始肿了。The heavy rain swelled the river. 大雨使河水上涨。【拓展】swollen adj. 肿胀的，膨胀的The swollen balloon burst itself. 涨起的气球破了。damage【原句回放】Third degree burns: little or no pain if nerves are damaged . 三度烧伤：若损坏了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛.【点拨】1. damage v. 损坏，损伤，使.受损失Many bui

16、ldings and cars had been damaged in the blast.在爆炸中许多建筑物和汽车损坏了。His political reputation has been seriously damaged in recent years by the scandal.他的政治声誉最近几年由于丑闻受到了严重的损害。2. damage n. 损害，损失，破坏。是不可数名词。常见搭配：do damage to 对.造成损害，损失 A fire had caused serious damage to their flat. 大火给他们的公寓造成了巨大的损失。Her carele

17、ss remark did damage to her reputation. 她说话不谨慎，这对她的名声造成了损害。【拓展】damaging adj. 有破坏性的，损害的Smoking is damaging to your health. 吸烟对你的身体有害。stick【原句回放】Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣物粘在烧伤面上，否则就把它脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。【点拨】stick v. 粘贴，插入，放，卡住。注意其过去式和过去分词是stuck。He fol

18、ded the papers and stuck them in his desk drawer. 他叠好这些文件，随意放置在书桌的抽屉。Dont forget to clip the token and stick it on your card.不要忘了剪下礼券币，贴到你的卡上。 The incident stuck in my mind 这件事一直在我心里萦绕不去。常见短语：stick to 紧跟，坚持，遵守，注意to是介词。后接动词时要接动词-ing形式。We said wed give her the cash, and we must stick to our agreement.

19、 我们说我们会给她现金，但是我们必须严格执行我们的协议。If everyone sticks to the rules, we shouldnt have any problems. 如果每个人都遵守法规，我们不会有什么问题的。【拓展】stick n. 小树枝，棒状物，手杖get the wrong end of the stick 误解treat【原句回放】John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hands. 约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。【点拨】treat vt. 治疗；对待；看待；款

20、待，请客常用搭配：treat . as. 把.看作.treat sb. to dinner/an ice-cream /a theatre请某人吃饭/吃冰淇淋/看戏 This boy is being treated for a heart condition. 这个男孩正在接受心脏病治疗。Children are taught to treat their parents and teachers with honour.孩子们受到要尊重父母师长的教育。He treated his mistake as a joke. 他把自己的错误看成玩笑。Why not treat me to an i

21、ce-cream? 你为什么不请我吃冰淇淋呢？【拓展】treatment n. 待遇；处理；治疗receive treatment 接受治疗 under (medical) treatment 在治疗中apply【原句回放】He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。【点拨】apply vt. / vi. 施加，应用，适用；申请常用短语：apply to 适用于; 运用于；涉及到app

22、ly sth. to 把.涂/敷在；把.施于；把.运用于 apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事apply for申请; 请求, 接洽Pressure applied to the wound will stop the bleeding. 压迫伤口会止血。What I am saying applies only to some of you. 我正说的话只涉及你们中的一些人。She applied heavy makeup to her face. 她在脸上浓妆艳抹。My neighbor Jack is applying for a job/ passport. 我的邻

23、居杰克正在申请一个工作/ 护照。He applied himself to learning French. 他致力于学习法语。【拓展】applicant n. 申请者(可数)： application n. 申请(不可数)；申请书(可数)；使用，应用，适用(可数或不可数)重点短语fall ill【原句回放】First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救是在医生到来之前对突然生病的人或受伤者

24、的一种暂时的救助。【点拨】fall ill生病1. fall ill是非延续性动词短语，一般不与表示一段时间的状语连用，如果要与一段时间连用时，通常用be ill。2. 此短语中fall是系动词，与形容词ill一起构成系表结构。3. fall的过去式和过去分词：fell，fallen。4. 常用搭配：fall ill with 因.病而病倒，患.病Shortly before Christmas she fell ill. 圣诞节前不久她病了。 She has been ill for a week. 她已经病了一个星期。（不用fall）She fell ill with fever. 她发高

25、烧病倒了。【拓展】类似的短语：fall asleep 入睡 fall open 打开fall awake 清醒了 fall silent 安静下来in place【原句回放】Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用胶布把绷带固定。【点拨】 in place在恰当位置，适当 The chairs were not yet in place for the concert. 音乐会要用的椅子还没有放好。Youd better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find thi

26、ngs.你最好把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。Im afraid your proposal is not quite in place. 恐怕你的提案不太妥当。【拓展】含有place的短语：out of place 不合适，不恰当in ones place 处于某人的位置； take ones place /take the place of sb. 替代某人； give place to 让位于 put sb. in ones place 使某人安分in place of 代替from place to place 处处take place 发生a number of【原句回放】He im

27、mediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages. 他立刻向旁边的一些人要绷带.【点拨】a number of 许多的，若干的 a number of + 可数名词，作主语时谓语用复数。对比：the number of +可数名词，作主语时谓语用单数，意为“. 的数量”A number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了很多问题。The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years.在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增加。【拓展】表示“许多”的短语：

28、put ones hands on【原句回放】. but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. 当他们都没有找到绷带时，他的父亲却从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。【点拨】put ones hands on 找到，取得，抓住，也可以用get或lay代替put。 Few of the students have put their hands on the materials for their compositions.没有几个学生找

29、到适合他们作文的素材。I wondered how I could lay my hands on the money to buy a house.我想知道怎样才能得到买房子的钱。【拓展】含hand的短语：have a hand in sth. 参与某事，插手某事on every hand / on all hands 在各方面at hand 在附近，近在手边，即将到来give sb. a hand 给予某人帮助over and over again【原句回放】. keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water,

30、squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour.要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水中，拧出水后，放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地做一个小时左右.【点拨】over and over (again) 反复;多次I read the report over and over again, till I almost knew it by heart.我一遍遍地读报告，直到我几乎能够背诵下来。He plays the same songs over and over. 他

31、一遍遍地放同样的歌。【拓展】此短语用法灵活，可以用作：over and overagain and againover and over againsqueeze out【原句回放】For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and . 对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水中，拧出水后.【点拨】squeeze out 挤出；(通过劝说)榨取，获取 The investigators complained about

32、 the difficulties of squeezing information out of residents.调查员们抱怨从居民处获取信息的困难。【拓展】squeeze out of/ from 压出，挤出，榨取squeeze into 挤入squeeze through 挤过，勉强通过The company intends tosqueezefurther savings from its suppliers.这家公司打算从供应商那里获取更多的存款。make a difference【原句回放】It shows that a knowledge of first aid can m

33、ake a real difference. 这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。【点拨】make a difference 对有影响Where you live can make such a difference to the way you feel. 你住的地方可以非常大地影响你的想法。The sea air hasmade a differenceto her health. 海边的空气对她的健康有很大影响。重点句型系表结构get done【原句回放】1. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be ver

34、y serious. 因此，你可以想象，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。2. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected. 不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。【点拨】get done1. 系动词get后跟过去分词作表语，过去分词有被动含义，意为“进入或变成某种状态”。2. 部分过去分词已转化成形容词，相当于be done，但get done更强调动作的结果，体现动作性。常见的短语有: get burnt 烧伤/烫伤 get hurt 受伤 get dressed/chang

35、ed 穿/换衣服get broken 断了，碎了get married结婚 get separated分散get lost 迷路 get killed被杀get paid拿工资get stuck 被困住，被卡在get drowned 溺水get caught in 陷入，遭到The computer got damaged when we were moving. 搬家时计算机弄坏了。My bike is getting repaired now. 我的自行车正在修理。My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. 我打篮球时眼镜打破

36、了。Peter and Mary got married last year. 彼得和玛丽去年结婚了。 Dont get caught in the heavy snow. 别被大雪困住了。强调句型【原句回放】It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life. 正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。【点拨】强调句型：it is/ was + 被强调部分 + that/ who .1. 强调句型除不能强调谓语之外，其他成分如主语、宾语、状语都可以强调。2. 被强调的部分是人时

37、，用who或that都可以，被强调的代词的形式应与原句的形式保持一致。3. 被强调部分是时间或地点状语时，不用when或where，而用that。4. is/ was时态与其余部分时态一致。5. 强调句的一般疑问句是将is或was直接提前，其他词序不变，而强调句的特殊疑问句句型是：疑问词+ is/ was + it + that +其余部分（陈述句语序）？6. 强调until引导的从句，not与until放在一起。It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.是因为河水上涨他们不能过河了。It wa

38、s not until her son came back that she went to bed. 直到她儿子回来她才上床睡觉。Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 是昨天他见到李平的吗？When and where was it that you were born? 你是何时何地出生的？【拓展】对谓语动词的强调：需要强调谓语时，在谓语动词前加助动词do/ does或did；过去时加did时，后面的谓语动词用原形。 He did send you a letter last week. 他上周确实给你送了一封信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！