2018高考英语二轮复习 知识技巧梳理 专题3 名词性从句（含解析）.doc

1、名词性从句考向预测名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，也涉及句法结构，是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。在学习名词性从句时，应注意从以下几个方面入手：一、要熟悉句子的各种成分，尤其是主语、宾语、表语、同位语的特点。二、要掌握引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词的分类及用法，以及that，if，whether的用法区别。三、要注意名词性从句中的特殊情况，例如：that的省略，语序问题，时态问题，语气问题。四、要注意疑问连接词what，when，where等引导名词性从句不表示疑问的情况。五、要注意whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wher

2、ever等引导从句的用法。特别需要注意的是要掌握it替代从句的用法。考点定位名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。考点1 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether; 连接副词when, where, why, how等。1.连接词that，

3、whether引导That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。特别提示(1)if不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：AIt+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to

4、failure很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。BIt+系动词+名词+that从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。C. It + be + V.ed形式+that从句。如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已经顺利实施。2.连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥

5、有的东西好。Who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3.连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。【典例】Your support is

6、important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“_ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句。在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。考点2 宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether, if等，连接代词what whose, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词when, where, why,

7、how等。1.连接词that, whether, if引导I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示1.whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come请

8、让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2.连接代词和连接副词引导。连接代词有what，who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词有when, where, why, how等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in class.她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到

9、什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗？Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗

10、?4宾语从句的时态(1)当主语的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He

11、 said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句时过去将来时）He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时）（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if

12、we put our hearts into it。老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。【典例】We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。half of _ it used to charge是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半

13、是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语。所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。考点3 表语从句常用连接词that, whether;连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;连接副词when, where, how, why引导。1.连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。Th

14、e question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词的后面，如：seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。如：It sou

15、nds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that.如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。【典例】The most pleasant thing of

16、 the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【答案】B【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完完全全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句。表语从句不缺少主语，谓语和宾语，因此用that, that只起引导作用，故选B。考点4 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestio

17、n，order等。1通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job.我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。Given me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.你答应我，今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。2.同位语从句还可以用wh

18、ether, when, where, why, how等引导，如：The student ask me the question whether the book was worth reading.学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原因。 【典例】The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.A. whether B. that

19、 C. which D. what 【答案】B【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接作用。故选B。（60分钟）限时训练经典常规题单项选择1.【2017北京】23. Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever2.【2017北京】

20、26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. why B. where C. how D. when3.【2017江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how4.【2017天津】4. She asked me _ I had returned

21、the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what5.【2016北京】24. Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever6.【2016北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from d

22、ust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why7.【2016江苏】21.It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.whyB. what C.asD. that8.【2016天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 9.【2015湖

23、南】26.You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A. whatB. thatC. whereD. who10.【2015北京】33.I truly believe _beauty comes from within.A. that B. where C. what D. why11.【2015安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for.A. whatB. whomC. whyD. w

24、hen12.【2015浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A. what B. who C. that D. whoever13.【2015重庆】8.We must find out _ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.A. when B. how C. where D. why 14.【

25、2015四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A. where B. why C. what D. which15.【2015陕西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A. what B. that C. why D. how16.【2015福建】29I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure afte

26、r all these years.By working out every day.A. whereB. howC. whyD. If17.【2015江苏】25._ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.A. That B. Why C. Where D. How18【2015北京】35. _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. Where B. How C. Why D. Whe

27、n高频易错题 单项选择1.【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】Agatha didnt tell me _ she would pick up her son from school.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. what2.【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】 It is well known _Confucius was born in the city of Qufu in Shandong province, China.A. whetherB. whereC. that D. what3.【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模

28、）】 is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is welcome to join us.A. WhateverB. WhoeverC. Whenever D. Wherever4.【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】The problem _he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.A. how B. whetherC. that D. when5.【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模

29、拟】 The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year? Yes. Thats _ I have compromised with the flat owner.A. whatB. whereC. howD. when6.【2017届天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考（二）】What surprised us most is that he doesnt knowthe differences between the two books lie.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where7.【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】

30、worries the public that air pollution is becoming more and more serious these days.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. This8.【江苏省连云港市、徐州市、宿迁市2017届高三年级第三次模拟】We sell a lot of products offshore and the opportunity to open up markets in regions_ we dont currently sell a lot to is a great one.A. whereB. thatC. whatD.

31、when9.【江苏省苏锡常镇2017届高三英语教学情况调查（二）】The infrastructure of a country is _ makes everything run well, including things like transport, irrigation, electricity and schools.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what10.【江苏省淮阴中学2017届高三下学期期初考】 Its true that beauty does not always meet with a single, uniform standard. A p

32、ersons cultural background, for example, may influence _ he or she find attractive in others.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when精准预测题一、语法填空（辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2018届高三第一次阶段测试）Ann stepped outside her front door to see_1_the weather was like. It was still cold and_2_ (rain). It had been so cold that she had had to tur

33、n her heater on. She was lucky because her heart worked and she could pay her _3_(heat)bills.Some people in Los Angeles werent so lucky._ 4_(able) to use their home heater, they placed charcoal into a barbecue grill and lit it. The heat kept them warm, but the carbon monoxide killed them.This happen

34、s almost every winter in Los Angeles. People shut all the windows tight_5_(keep)the cold out, then light the charcoal. Soon enough, the oxygen in their home _6_(consume)by the open flames. The family choke to death. Everyone knows smoke detectors(检测器)are required in Los Angeles. _7_many people dont

35、know about, or dont think they need carbon monoxide detectors. Theyre not expensive. A $25 investment can save a family from death.People always think that nothing bad will happen to them; it always happens to “_8_other guy”. So they forget to put several fresh _9_(battery) into their smoke detector

36、s_10_(annual), and they dont bother to buy carbon monoxide detectors.二、短文改错（山西省2018届高三上学期第二次名校联考）I left home at 17 and pay my own way through college. In the past 20 years, I have worked for everything I needed. So it shocks me what some people in their 20s, still get their life supported by our par

37、ents. Some of these parents have difficult supporting their families.Its true that the job market is much more harder these days. Therefore, there are certainly some ways to make living on our own. Even if our parents is nice enough to pay for our college, we shouldnt burden them with our problems.

38、We should be financial responsible adults, made our parents proud of us.参考答案经典常规题1.【答案】B【解题思路】A. whatever 任何事；B. whoever 任何人；C. whomever 任何人；D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A和D，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。2.【答案】B【解题思路】句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语

39、境可知此处表地点，故选B。3.【答案】C【解题思路】“half of _ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来的价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句。宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语。故选C。4.【答案】C【解题思路】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。根据句意，故选C。 5.【答案】C【解题思路】helps是谓语，“ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示：“任何事情”，因此whatever引导，故

40、选C。6.【答案】B【解题思路】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语，谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。 7.【答案】D【解题思路】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中做状语，连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。8.【答案】B【解题思路】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。

41、有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用，故选B。 9.【答案】C【解题思路】根据分析可知：You have to know后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有：who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中作主语、宾语、定语或者表语，连接副词有：when, where, why, how，在句中作状语的成分。Youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是

42、一个完整的句子，所以应该用连接副词来引导从句。句意：如果你将要计划去那里的最佳方案，你得知道要去哪里。故选C。10.【答案】A【解题思路】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。11.【答案】A【解题思路】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isnt后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。12.【答案】A【解题思路】句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水下面有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝

43、藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头。B项和D项用于指人，that只有语法意义。句式上，该句用了if从句和祈使句，非谓语to investigate后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what。13.【答案】A【解题思路】句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。 14.【答案】B【解题思路】宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C和D错误。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染，故选B。 15.【答案】A【解题思路】Doris

44、 Lessing在文学上做出的贡献令我非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以选A。16.【答案】B【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词how是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意-我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。-通过每天锻炼。17.【答案】C【解题思路】句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地众所周知，但有些人不愿意接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is 前面是主语从句。

45、比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语，故选C项。18.【答案】B【解题思路】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。高频易错题1.【答案】B【解题思路】句意：Agatha没有告诉我她什么时候去学校接她儿子。根据句意，故选B。2.【答案】C【解题思路】考查连接词。句意：众所周知，孔子出生在中国山东省的曲阜市。本题中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，故选C。3.【答案】B【解题思路】考查主语从句。句意：无论是谁愿意在2022年北京冬季奥运会做志愿者，都欢迎来加入我们。whoever引导主语从句

46、时，意义相当于anyone who，即表示“任何人都”“谁谁就（都）”“不管是谁那都”。故选B。4.【答案】B【解题思路】同位语从句连接词。句意：他到底是在国内还是在国外上大学，这个问题仍然没有被触及。he will have his college education at home or abroad是对problem的解释说明，是同位语从句，根据句意用whether，whether.or.意为“是还是”，故选B。5.【答案】B【解题思路】句意：我们房子的租金今年将上涨20%。-是的，这就是我向房主妥协的地方。此处where引导表语从句，相当于the place（point）where,故

47、选B。6.【答案】D【解题思路】句意最让我们惊讶的是他不知道这两本书有什么区别。这里接的是宾语从句，而后面的从句缺少的是地点状语。所以应该用where。故选D。7.【答案】A【解题思路】考查it的用法。句意：这些天，空气污染正变得越来越严重，这让公众担忧。本句用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that air pollution is becoming more and more serious these days，故选A。8.【答案】B【解题思路】分析句子成分，主句the opportunity is a great one,先行词是regions，定语从句we dont currently

48、sell a lot to中缺少to的宾语，所以只能用that或者which，故选B。9.【答案】D【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：一个国家的基础设施就是使一切运转正常的东西，包括运输、灌溉、电力和学校等。此处表示“什么”，在表语从句中作主语用what引导，故选D。10.【答案】C【解题思路】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：的确，美并不总是符合单一的、统一的标准，例如，一个人的文化背景可能会影响到他或她在别人眼中的吸引力。influence缺少宾语，因此后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句中的find也缺少宾语，因此连接词既作influence的宾语，也作从句中find的宾语，根据句意，用what正确。故选

49、C。精准预测题一、语法填空【答案】1. what 2. rainy/raining 3. heating 4. Unable 5. to keep 6. is consumed 7. But 8. the 9. batteries 10. annually【解题思路】这篇短文讲述Ann因为天气冷而关闭门窗，打开暖气，但是有的洛杉矶的人们由于无法使用暖气而使用燃烧木炭，这样容易一氧化碳中毒，人们总是不在意，不去安装一氧化碳探测器。1. 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：Ann走出前门，想看看天气是怎样的。see后面是宾语从句，从句中设空处做like的表语，在从句中作表语只能用what。2. 考查形容词。

50、句意：又冷又下雨的天气。根据句子结构，这里填形容词。rain的形容词形式是rainy/raining。3. 考查动词ing形式。句意：她很幸运，因为她的取暖器工作，而且她还能支付取暖费。heating bill取暖费。故填heating。4. 考查分词。句意：由于无法使用家庭取暖器，他们在烧烤架上玩木炭，并点燃了它。此处逗号之前是个省略句，结合句意可知完整的从句为“as they were unable to use their home heater”，从句中的主语与主句主语一致并且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语及be动词，放于句首，首字母大写。故填Unable。5. 考查不定式。句

51、意：人们把所有的窗户都关紧，以抵挡寒冷，然后点燃木炭。根据句意，此处表目的，应该用动词不定式形式。故填to keep。6. 考查动词。句意：很快，他们家里的氧气就被明火吞噬了。consume耗尽，消耗。根据句意可知consume与主语the oxygen之间是被动关系。主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数。故填is consumed。7. 考查连词。句意：但是很多人都不知道，或者不认为他们需要一氧化碳探测器。根据上下句关系可知，此处表示转折，放于句首，首字母大写。故填But。8. 考查冠词。句意：人们总是认为没有什么不好的事情发生在他们身上，总是发生在“另一个人”身上。此处表示除去自己的另一个人，根据

52、名词guy是可数名词单数，所以用the other。故填the。9. 考查名词。根据battery 是可数名词，及前面的several，可知此处用battery的复数形式batteries。故填batteries。10. 考查副词。句意：因此，他们忘记了每年在他们的烟雾探测器上安装几个新电池，他们也不会费心去购买一氧化碳探测器。结合句意可知annual在句中作时间状语，应该用副词形式annually。故填annually。二、短文改错【答案】I left home at 17 and pay my own way through college. In the past 20 years, I

53、 have worked for everything I paidneeded. So it shocks me what some people in their 20s, still get their life supported by our parents. Some of these that theirparents have difficult supporting their families. difficultyIts true that the job market is much more harder these days. Therefore, there ar

54、e certainly some ways to make However aliving on our own. Even if our parents is nice enough to pay for our college, we shouldnt burden them with our areproblems. We should be financial responsible adults, made our parents proud of us. financially making 【解题思路】1.句意：我17岁离开家，以自己的方式读完大学。此处是并列的谓语动词。2.句意

55、：有20%的人靠父母养着，这让我很震惊。it做形式主语，that引导的主语从句放在后面。3.根据still get their life supported by可知，前面提到their,故要把our改成their。4.固定词组：have difficulty (in) doing sth在做某事上有困难。5.harder是比较级，可以用much修饰加强语气，故把more去掉。6.句意：目前找工作很难，然而，当然我们有自己谋生的方法。由此可知前后表示一种转折。7.固定词组：make a living谋生，可知在living前加a。8. our parents是句子的主语，是复数形式，故把is改成are。9.副词修饰形容词，故把financial改成financially。10.现在分词做结果状语，故把made改成making。