2018高考英语必考点妙解专题 介词.doc

1、介词本类考题解答锦囊 1英语中的介词多为固定搭配，需熟记。特别是要熟记形容词短语和介词短语中的介词。 2区别常用的介词。 表示时间的介词。in表示一段时间，on表示具体时间。表示方位的名词。in表示在范围之内，to表示在范围之外，on表示毗邻，接壤。besides与except的区别。besides表示“除以外还有”，except表示“只有除外”。 above，over与on的区别。 above：“在之上”，“高于”(表示相对高度，不一定在正上方)，它的反义词是below；over：“在之上”(表示垂直之上)，它的反义词是under；on：“在之上”(表示与某物接触) 3有介词的改错题经常以多

2、用介词或少用介词的形式出现。 4介词后跟动词，动词加-ing 高考最新热门题 1.(典型例题)Im sure theyll laugh to me and see me as a fool命题目的与解题技巧：此题考查介词的基本知识。在做此类题时，应将句子结构分析清楚，熟练牢固掌握某些固定搭配，不要因为记忆不牢模糊而失分，做到稳扎稳打。 【答案】 toatlaughat sb，固定词组，取笑某人。2. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the

3、 leaves on the trees. 答案： sawseeingseeing作enjoyed的宾语。3.The main problem I was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English. 答案：去掉that前的in. was后接表语从句，不用介词。 题点经典类型题 1.(典型例题附中模拟)Expents are calling at schools and parents to cut down the mount of home work. 【答案】 ato

4、n call on 呼吁固定搭配。 2.(典型例题考)No one knows it besides two of my friends. 答案：besidesexceptbulbesides表示“除了还有”，expectbut表示“除了没有”此处表示只有我的好朋友知道此事。 新高考命题探究 1. You are wanted by the phone.答案： by改为onbewantedOnthephone有某人的电话。2. What is the time in your watch? 答案： in改为bybyoneswatch固定的介词短语，“照你的表”。3. Your watch is

5、 similar with mine. 答案： with改为tobesimilarto与相似。4. An hour consists by sixty, minutes. 答案： by改为of.consist of由组成。5. The old man is sitting next his son. 答案： next后加tonextto在旁边，靠近。6. She had to do such things at her will.答案： at改为againstagainstoneswill违背某人的意愿。7. When are they leaving to London? 答案： to改为f

6、or1eavefor，“动身去”。8. I was very surprised by seeing her here. 答案： by改为at.be surprised at对感到吃惊。9. My father will be back after three hours. 答案： after改为in.“in+一段时间”与将来时态连用。10. what does he usually have at breakfast? 答案： at改为forhavefor breakfast以作早餐”。11. As a rule , the workers are paid for the hour. 答案

7、： for改为byby the hour按小时。12. The children were told to keep of the grass. 答案： of改为offoff意为“离开”。13. Your answer of the question is not satisfying. 答案： Of改为to.an answer to“的答案”。14. Ive never heard him. How can I know him? 答案： heard后加 “。hearO听说。15 The hurricane happened in Sunday morning. 答案： in改为OIL具体某

8、一天上午、下午、晚上前用介词On16. He decided to look through the matter himself. 答案：through改为intolook into调查。17.He looks at such things differently like all of us. 答案： like改为fromdifferentlyfrom“与不同”。18. Dr. Smith is a man to whom we have the grgatest respeck 答案： to改为forhave respect for sb对某人表示尊敬。19.Thanks for you

9、r help,we had no trouble finding her lost child 答案： for改为tothanks to归功于。20. Everything there is quite all right , except that the food doesnt agree to me.答案：to改为withagree with sb.适合于某人。探究性命题综合测试考场热身 Passage 1 Mrs. Smith was unable to fall sleeping at night and 1._ 答案：sleepingasleep指导：fallasleep睡着，睡熟

10、。固定习语。was very tired during the day to do anything,even the 2._ 答案：verytoo指导：构成tooto结构。simple things that she used to enjoy doing. She had 3._ 答案：headaches more often, it provented her from reading 4._ 答案：itwhich指导：which引导非限制性定语从句，代指那个事实。or watched TV. The more she thought about her conditions, 5._

11、答案：watchedwatching 指导：watching与reading并列作from的宾语。the more worse she felt. At last she went to see her doctor, 6._答案：去掉more指导：theworseshefelt.她感觉越坏。“more+形容词或副词原级”构成比较级形式，在比较级(worse是bad的比较级)前不能用more来修饰。 whom she had known for years. The doctor listened to his 7._ 答案：hisher指导：herheartMrsSmithshearthea

12、rt and said, There is nothing serious wrong with 8._ 答案：seriousseriously指导：seriously修饰wrong。you ,and I accept the fact you dont fell well. Now Ill 9._答案：andbut指导：句意：你虽然没有什么严重的问题，但是我承认你感觉不好的事实。9. give you some pills(药丸) that help. Come tomorrow10._ 答案：helpwill指导：句意：我给你开一了些能治你头疼的药。help这里的意思是“对治头疼有帮助”。

13、morning and tell me how you fell. Passage 2 A warm-heart nurse on her first days work came to 1._ 答案：warm-heartwarm-hearted指导：注意构词法，又如：cold-hearted心肠冷的，不热心的；warm-blooded(动物)温血的。a patient. She asked him she could do anything for 2._ 答案：himifwhether指导：ask后接的宾语从句一般由疑问连接词来引导。him,and he only waved his ha

14、nds and said something 3._ 答案：andbut 指导：由上下文逻辑可判断。she could hardly understand. She asked him again 4._ 答案：and he just kept saying the different words, but 5._ 答案：differentsame指导；句意：他一直重复着同一句话。in a lower voice before closing his eye. She 6._ 答案：eyeeyes 指导：eye显然应当用复数。felt his pulse and found him death

15、. She rushed to 7._ 答案：deathdead指导：dead作宾语补足语，应当是形容词形式repeat to the doctor sounds she had heard. My 8._ 答案：sounds，the指导：thesounds指她听到的那位患者死前重复说的那句活。注意本句的话序，thesounds作repeat的宾语，应置其后，但因其后接一定语从句，所以放在了tothedoctor之后。句意：她(护士)匆匆忙忙地跑去向医生重复了一下她听到的那些声音。dear girl, said the doctor after listen carefully to 9._

16、1istenlistening指导：after此处是介词。注意after既可作连词，又可作介词。作连词时是这样的：said thedoctorafterhelistened carefullywhat she repeated,he was saying youve standing on10._ 答案：youveyoure指导：YourestandingOnmyoxygenpipe你正站在我的氧气管子上。my oxygen pipe.” Passage 3 I worked like a postman for a short time,but I 1._ 答案：keas指导；workasa

17、postman当邮递员。am afraid of the dogs and I had a lot of trouble. 2._ 答案：the指导：dogs这里表示“类指”而非“专指”。“我怕狗”而不是“我怕那(这些狗)”。One day,I managed to send a postcard to a big house.3._ 答案：nagedtried指导：由下文可知“送明信片”这件事还没有做到，所以不可用managed。manageto do sth表示“想方设法做成了某事”。No sooner had I got my bicycle than a large dog ran 4

18、._ 答案：toff 指导：got off my bicycle从自行车上下来。又如：got off thebus从公交车上下来。towards the gate, barking loudly at me. It seemed 5._ 答案：to bite me. If I had moved an inch towards,the dog 6._ 答案：wardsforward指导moveaninchforward往前挪一(英寸)。would have jumped at me. At the end I had no 7._ 答案：In指导：intheend最终；attheend(ok)

19、在结束的时候。oice but drop the postcard on the ground in the garden.8._ 答案：tto指导：这里but前没有出现实义动词，所以其后应当接todo形式。The terrible-looking dog picked it immediately and 9._ 答案： itup指导：picdedit up把明信片衔起来。carried it in the house. The dog was a good postman.10._ 答案：in-into指导：carried it intothehouse把明信片叼进房子里。Passage

20、4Miss Jones was a teacher,her home was not 1._ 答案：herwhose指导：whose引导非限制性定语从句。注意：在her前加and的改法是不正确的，因为后面是由and引导的并列分句。far from her school,but she always walked there 2._ 答案：butand指导：由上下文的逻辑关系可推断出。in the morning. All the pupils in the school was very young. 3._ 答案：waswere指导：句子的主语是pupils(复数)。In a very co

21、ld and windy morning, Miss Jones walked4._ _ 答案：InOn 指导：通常说inthemorningaftemoonevening；但是当它们与其他形容词或某些词组连用时需用on。nacoolroominginspring春天的一个凉爽的早晨；Onthepreviousfellowing evening在头天(第二天)晚上；On themoningOf the 4thOf September在9月4日的上午。to school,and the cold wind went into her eyes, 5._ 答案：schoolthe 指导：thesc

22、hool指的是MissJones工作的那所学校。and big tears began rolling out of them. She arrived 6._ 答案：arrivedreached或arrivedat 指导：注意arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。the school, opened the door and go into the classroom.7._ 答案：gowent指导：显然应该是一般过去时。It was nice and warm here and Miss Jones was 8._ 答案：happy. But then the small boy

23、 looked at her for a few9._ 答案：thea 指导：这个小男孩是上文中未提及的。seconds, put his arm on her and said kindly, 10._ 答案：onaround 指导：puthisarnlaroundher双臂抱住她。Dont cry,Miss. School isnt very bad. Passage 5One day,I was cooking in the kitchen as the 1._ 答案：aswhen 指导：when此处是并列连词，“正当这时”，此时与as是 不可互换的。telephone rings. I

24、 went to answer it immediately. 2._ 答案：ringsrang 指导：由上下文的动词动态很容易作出判断。句意：一天，我正在厨房里做饭，突然电话铃响了。answer讧去接电话。She was my close friend, Lisa. When we were talking3._ 答案：SheIt 指导：it用来确定身份。on a phone,the fire alarm sounded. I ran back to the 4._ 答案：athe指导：onthephone通电话，固定习语。kitchen. The room full of smoke an

25、d beef was badly 5._ 答案：fullwas指导：befull Of充满。burnt. I quickly turned off the gas, opening all the 6._ 答案：openingopened指导：turnedoffthegas，opened，and thenwent是三个并列的谓语动词。windows,and then went out of the house. In my 7._ 答案：InTo 指导：tosbssurprise让某人吃惊的是。习语。surprise,two fire engines were outside my house

26、. I 8._ 答案：was rather worried. I told about the firemen that it 9._答案：去掉about 指导：tellsbthat从句，告诉某人。 was my careless cooking which caused the heavy smoke.10._ X答案：whichthat 指导：强调句型中不用which句意：我告诉消防员，是我做 饭时的粗心导致浓烟滚滚。Passage 6We were driving along a narrow road while the car stopped 1. 答案：whilewhen指导：与p

27、assage 5中的第1题情况相同。working. We tried to fix it and there was nothing we2._ 答案：2andbut指导：句意：我们努力想把它修好，可是我们什么也干不成。could do. Paddy and I wanted go off for help, 3. _ 答案：wantedgoto指导：wanttodosth想要做某事。but Mike insisted in staying near the ear. He said it 4._ 答案：irton指导：insistondoingsth坚持要示做某事。习语。was best

28、to stay until help arrived rather than go into5._ 答案：the forest and getting lost. However,Paddy and I did not6._ 答案：gettingget指导：getlost与gO into the forest是并列关系。agree and Paddy pointed to a path which he thought it would7._ 答案：去掉it 指导：which引导定语从句，代指the path，在从句中作 would probably lead to avillage的主语，所

29、以it 是多余的。probably lead to a village. We followed a path but 8. _ 答案：第二athe指导：thepath指的就是上文提到的可能通向某村庄的那条道。soon we lost. We walked on. After an hour or so, 9._ 答案：welostweregot指导：迷路说法有；getbelost；loseonesway。we began to feel frightening. 10. _ 答案：frighteningfrightened指导：feel frightened感到害怕。frightening令

30、人使人害怕。Passage 7 Japan is a beautiful country,covering with many 1._ Covering covered指导：covered witk短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句：，whichiscoveredwithtiny rivers and high mountains. Japan is also a pleased 2._ 答案：pleasedpleasant指导：apleasantcountry一个(气候)宜人的国家。country. It is known for the land of the cherry blossom 3

31、._ 答案：foras指导：be known as作为而著名；be known for因而著名，beknowntosb被某(些)人所熟知。句意：日本是著名的樱花之国。beeause of in the spring of year the cherry trees 4. _ 答案：去掉of指导：becaux。f是介词短语，其后不能接句子。are so beautiful. The japanese like gardens very much. 5._ 答案：Where are no natural gardens, the Japanese 6. _ 答案：Where后加there指导：wh

32、ere引导地点状语从句，从句是一个therebe结构的句子。句意：在没有天然花园的地方，日本人民建设了自己的花园。have made their own. Because the islands is hilly, 7._ 答案：isare 指导：主语和谓语应该保持数的一致。there is a great lack of the soil,so evey little bit 8. _ 答案：去掉the指导：soil这里表示泛指，故不可有定冠词。is used. No matter how tiny may be,every home has 9._ 答案：may前加it指导:no matt

33、ter how引导的从句中显然缺少主语，it 指Japanits own little garden. Japan is country worth visiting.10._ 答案：isa指导：日本是一个值得一去的国家。Passage 8 Last Sunday I went out to the lunch with my friend 1._ 答案：去掉the指导：一日三餐前一般不加冠词。当其前有形容词修饰时，可用a，如：a light breakfast量少的早餐；I nevereat abigdinner.我向来饭量不大。George,who was very fat indeed.

34、 He likes sweet 2. _ 答案：wasis指导：由下文可知，这里是在介绍George的一个客观情况。food,as well as those rich foods. Not only George 3._ 答案：Georgedoes指导；not only引导的分句必须用部分倒装的语序。enjoy eating but he is a good eater well. Whenever 4. _ 答案：wellas指导：aswell也。固定习语。he eats out,he always eats a lot of food and spends 5._答案： too long

35、 time at a restaurant. When we sat at a table 6._答案：tiillea 指导：too long a time太长的一段时间，这里time指具体的一段时间。 in a restaurant,the waiter brought a tray filled of 7._答案：ofwith 指导：tidied with various foods装满各种各样的食物。相当于一个定语从句：which was filled withvarious foods. After eating a big meal,I told him that 8._答案：ath

36、e指导；thebigmeal指“那一盘子各种各样的食物”。 we must leave because we have been there 9._答案：havehad指导：根据上下文的时态可作出判断，此处应当使用过去完成时。 for 3 hours. But he insisted stay there. we 10._答案：staywe指导：insist后不可接动词原形作宾语。这里完整的表达是：But he insisted that we should stay there同义表达为：Buthe insisted On ourstaying there cant leave now,fo

37、r its already time for tea! Passage 9 My husband 96-year-old grandmother came to live 1._ 答案： husbandhusbands指导：“我丈夫的96岁高龄的祖母”，显然应当使用所有格形式。with us for many years of independence. We did 2._ 答案：forafter 指导：after many years Of independence多年的独居之后。all the thing we could to make her feel comfortable 3.

38、_ 答案：thingthings指导：all the things所有的事情。in our home,including giving her the private line for 4._ 答案：thea 指导：aprivate line一块清静的场所。her bedroom. One evening we are having a party 5._ 答案：arewere指导：由上下文的时态可以作出判断。when the phone rang. It was a telephone operator, 6. _ 答案：that asked,Do you have a grandmothe

39、r upstairs? 7. _ 答案：thatwho指导：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。Yes, my husband reply. Well, the 8. _ 答案：replyreplied指导：明显的时态错误。operator again continued,She cant remember 9. _ 答案：去掉again指导：continue继续。再加上again显然不当。your phone number,and she like a cup of tea. Passage 10As is known by all,the Intemet is 1._ 答案：byto指导：b

40、e knownto sb被某人知道，固定搭配。playing a more and more important part on-our 2._ 答案：onin指导：playapartinsth在当中起作用，固定搭配。daily life. On it , we can only read news 3. _ 答案：only前加not指导：notonlybutalso固定搭配。at home and abroad but also get as much 4._ 答案：information as possible. We are often send e-mails or5._ 答案：去掉a

41、re指导：are显然是多余的。make telephone call to our families as well as our friends.6._答案：callcalls 指导：call是可数名词，这里应当是复数形式。 However,we can go to school on the net, read different kinds7._ 答案：HoweverBesides指导：根据上下文的逻辑关系可推断出，这里传达的信息是：另外，我们还可以在电脑上上网校，阅读各种各样的书籍，自学英语等。of books and even teach myself English. We can

42、 also enjoy8._ 答案：myselfourselves指导：与句子的主语we呼应。music, watching sports and play computer games on the9._答案：watchingwatch指导：watch与enjoy，play是并列谓语。 net. We can do shop even without leaving our homes.10._答案：shopshopping指导：doshopping购物，习语。 Passage 11 My cousin Xiao Hong and I went on trip to my uncles1._

43、答案：onAa；指导：go。natript。到某地旅行。固定搭配。 last Sunday. We were riding along a hillside then suddenly2._答案：thenwhen指导：when此处是并列连词，相当于说“正当这时”。 some big stones were rolled down and knocked us off our bikes.3._答案：去掉were 指导：此处描述“一些大石头从山上滚落下来”，并未强调“被某人滚动下来”，所以不能用作被动语态。 Xiao Hongs legs got serious hurt and so did

44、mine. We 4._答案：seriousseriously指导：seriously修饰hurt，作状语，应当用副词形式。 couldnt move a bit. Fortunately, I saw some farmers ahead. 5._答案： Waving our hand,we cried for help like crazy. On hearing 6._答案：handhands指导：显然应当用复数。 us,they run to the spot as fast as they could. Thanks to7._答案：runran 指导：根据上下文的时间可以判断，这里

45、使用一般现在时是毫无根据的。 their help,we were all sent to a nearby hospital and received8._答案： allboth 指导：both指“和“XiaoHong两个人。 medical treatment in time. Although We do not know about their 9._答案：去掉about指导：know about了解关于的情况，此处使用它显然不当。 names, we feel they like our dear big brothers and sisrers. 10._答案：theyare 指导

46、：like作“好像”解时，是介词，而介词短语不可单独作谓语。句意：我们感觉他们就像我们亲爱的大哥哥、大姐姐一样。Passage 12Ladies and Gentlemen, may I pay your attention, please? Now we are looking 1._ 答案：payhave指导：May I have your attention，please?是唤起别人注意时常用的表达，意思是让别人注意自己。而pay attention to表示“对注意”，在这个语境中符合逻辑的说法是：Willyou pay your attention to me，please?但是，这

47、个既符合逻辑又语法正确的说法在实际使用中却很少听到。for a passenger,Mr Brown,he is from America. And 2._ 答案：hewho指导：who引导非限制性定语从句，代指Mr Brownhe is now leaving Beijing to America by Flight 2748.3._ 答案：tofor指导：leave a place for some where else离开某地去往某地。固定搭配。3, But we told that Mr Brown left his passport 4._ 答案：weAwere指导：句意：可是我们被

48、告知应当使用被动语态。另外，tell作“告诉”解时，一般要接双宾语，即tell sb.sth.as well as his wallet in the Friendship Hotel where he had stayed at. 5._ 答案：去掉at 指导：关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中的功能相当于：at the Friendship Hotel显然原句中的at是多余的。The manager of the hotel has just called tell us 6._ 答案：tellto指导to tell us about it 动词不定式作目的状语。句意：那家宾馆的经理

49、打电话告诉了我们这件事。about it. The manager had sent his secretary to bring 7._ 答案：hadhas指导：根据上下文的时间关系可作出判断这里应当使用现在完成时。the passport and the wallet there and she will arrive 8._ 答案：therehere指导：句意：经理现已派他的秘书去把护照和钱夹取过来，她马上就会到。soon. Will Mr Brown go to the gate of our airport 9._ 答案：and wait for your passport and

50、wallet? It will arrive in about ten minutes. 10._ 答案：ItThey指导：they代指the passport和the walletPassage 13I often read English aloud and trying to learn something 1._ 答案：tryingtry或去掉and指导：若将trying改成try，try与read并列作谓语；若去掉and，trying作解释性状语。important in heart. It helps me remember what I have learned2._ 答案：ir

51、rby指导：learnsthbyheart记住某事。固定搭配。and form good habit of thinking in English. I listen 3._ 答案：form后加thea指导：formtheahabitofdoingsth.养成做某事的习惯。a lot and communicate with the others in English. 4._ 答案：去掉the指导：句意：我经常听并且用英语与别人交流。可见，这里“别人”并不是特指“某个群体”。In this way,I improved both my listening ability and my5._

52、答案：加have指导：根据上下文的时间关系可以判断：这里使用一般过去时显然不当，加上have后构成了完成时。speaking English. I keep a diary in English every 6._ 答案：eakingspoken指导：spokenEnglish英语口语，又如：writtenEnglish书面英语。对照：anEnglish-speaking country一个讲英语的国家。day and my written English is becoming better and 7._ 答案：better. I also try my best master the n

53、ecessary granunar8._答案：best后加to指导：tryones bestto do sth.竭尽全力做某事。习惯表达。knowledge. By this means, I can express me 9._ 答案：memyself指导：I与me同指一个人，所以必须使用反身代词形式。correetly. Thats why I have been learning English. 10._ 答案：whyhow指导：句意：这就是我怎么学英语的。Passage 14 Mary was an university student. She didnt have very mu

54、ch1._答案：ana指导：university是以元音字母u开首的，但它的读音却是半元音ju:，而不是元音。比较：a useful book；an ugly facemoney and her parents were not rich,but she had an uncle2._ 答案：who had been fortunate enough to collect great wealthy.3._ 答案：wealthywealth指导：wealthy是形容词形式，wealth名词，作collect的宾语。He always gave her valuable Christmas an

55、d birthday present. 4._ 答案：presentpresents指导：present礼物，可数名词。When her uncles birthday came round, Mary want to buy him 5._ 答案：wantwanted指导：显然应当使用一般过去时。something real special, but because he was so rich , she did not 6._ 答案：realreally指导：really程度副词，修饰special。know how to buy him. She went into the best

56、shop in her答案：howwhat指导：她不知道给他买什么。what作buy的直接宾语。 7._ town and explained what her problem was to one of helpful 8._ 答案：Ofthe指导tone of之后的名词应当是特定的名词或代词。shop assistants. Finally she asked , What do you have to 9._ 答案：tofor指导：forsomeone为某人。someone who has already got everything he wants to or needs?10._

57、答案：去掉to指导：want此处指“想要某物”，其后的to显然是多余的。句意：有人已经拥有了他想要的或需要的一切，你们这儿有什么东西是为这样的人准备的吗?everything后是省略了that的定语从句。the girl sighed deeply and answered,Envy, only envy. Passage 15 Allow me, on the behalf of my teachers and classmates,1._ 答案：去掉the指导：onbehalf of sbon sb.s behalf做某人的代表或代言人；为某人之利益。习语。又如：On behalf of

58、my colleagues I thank you我代表我的同事向你表示谢意。Kenis not present，sO I shall accept the prize On his behalf肯不在场，所以我代表他领奖。give a warm welcome to all of you from London. It gives us2._ 答案：giveto指导：allow sb. do sth允许某人做某事。a great pleasure to have you in our school for a brief visit.3._ 答案：You will glad to see h

59、ow well we Chinese students are4._ 答案：willbe 指导：glad是形容词，须与willbe一同作谓语。getting along with our English Learning. We think it bridge5._ 答案：it bridgea指导cabridge作宾语补足语。to the friendship among us and the people throughout the6._ 答案：amongbetween指导：句意：我们认为这次活动是我们与外国人民之间友谊的桥梁。outside world. But, you know, t

60、here are still any students, most 7._ 答案：anysome指导：肯定句中应当用some表示“一些”。of them are boys of science, learning English with much trouble. 8._ 答案：themwhom指导：whom引导非限制性定语从句，代指some studentsSo we hope you would give us some more advices on it. Let9._ 答案：advicesadvice指导：advice是不可数名词。me wish you a pleasant stay here. May your visit go successful. 10._答案：successfulsuccessfully或gobe指导：句意：希望你们这次访问成功。常用may来表示愿望和希望：May you both be very happy!祝你们俩幸福!Long may she live to enjOy her good fortune!愿她长寿幸福!