2018高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习构想检测 选修八 课时作业23 WORD版含答案.doc

1、课时作业23Unit 23Conflict一、单元跟踪过关.单句语法填空1Jane, I was told that you were going to speak at the meeting yesterday!Yeah, I had_intended (intend) to, but time did not permit.2The suspect was terrified of saying something that would make him betray himself (he)3The more you listen to English, the easier (eas

2、y) youll feel in speaking English.4He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.5This house has been in the possession of him since 1950.6Only when they put their heads together did they make such a brilliant plan and complete the task ahead of schedule.7It is unclear what

3、 caused the accident, but the police believe that the driver had_drunk (drink) alcohol.8Doctors warn people that one may develop skin cancer with his skin exposed (expose) to the sun too much.9He was appointed as the sales manager in 2015.10Everyone remarked on his absence without any reason.单句改错1By

4、 the time he was 14, Einstein taught himself advanced maths.在taught前加上had2In some parts of London, missing a bus means wait for another hour.waitwaiting3I dont doubt whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.whetherthat4The driver refused to answer the policemans question that how

5、 the accident came about.将that删除5We are glad at the news the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday.在news后加上that6I met Tom, an old friend of me, while walking in the street yesterday morning.memine7Tom swims better than I, but he doesnt swim as good as my brother.goodwell8The last decade witn

6、essed great changes taking place in our hometown.witnessed前加上has9Ill never forget the time that we spent it together on the farm 20 years ago.将it删除10Thanks for the efforts of the doctors, the old man recovered from the operation soon.forto.翻译句子1我们的女儿是一个不错的舞者，她从许多舞者中脱颖而出。(stand out)Our_daughter_is_a_

7、great_dancer;_she_stands_out_above_the_rest.2为提高销售额而提出了各种各样的建议。(put forward)Various_proposals_were_put_forward_for_increasing_sales.3我刚走到外面就开始下雨了。(No sooner. than.)No_sooner_had_I_gone_out_than_it_began_to_rain.4他拉上窗帘遮住阳光。(keep. off.)He_drew_the_curtain_to_keep_the_sun_off.5供水能维持整个夏天吗？(hold out)Will

8、_the_water_supply_hold_out_through_the_summer?二、高考模拟写作(2017东北联考)假定你是李华，你在国外某网站上买了三本英文原版书籍，15天内能到货，但是至今已超过了3天你仍未收到书。请你根据图片内容和以下要点给该网站写一封邮件。1说明写邮件的目的；2描述相关信息(快递单号、发货日期等)；3提出你的要求。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。Dear Sir or Madam，_Sincerely yours，Li Hua答案：范文赏读Dear_Sir_or_Madam,_Im writing

9、 to ask for some information about the books I bought on your website.The purchase was made on March 12th.As is shown in Shipment Details, the delivery number is HU186GB0092.The books were sent out on March 13th and are supposed to have arrived within 15 days.But today, unfortunately, Im still waiti

10、ng after 3 days.I dont think your delivery is satisfying, for I cant find more information about shipment after March 18th.Id like to point out Ive provided my right address and already paid for the books.Please deal with this matter immediately and let me know the latest information.Your earliest r

11、eply will be highly appreciated.Sincerely_yours,_Li_Hua大题巧练23Unit 23ConflictA卷一、阅读理解A(2016江苏卷)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct(本能) to help one another.

12、 Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food

13、for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they

14、 desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to

15、open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their childre

16、n to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human childr

17、en did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinkin

18、g. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”， a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.语篇解读科学家经过实验发现与黑猩猩相比，合作是人类与生俱来的一种独有的本能。1What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A. Chimps seldom care about others int

19、erests.B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors food.D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“they have little instinct(本能)to help one another”和下文的实验可知黑猩猩很少关心别的黑猩猩，只顾自己。因此选项A正确。2Michael Tomasellos tests on young children

20、indicate that they _.A. have the instinct to help othersB. know how to offer help to adultsC. know the world better than chimpsD. trust adults with their hands full答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段首句“Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative”和下文对于实验结果的描述可知帮助别人是儿童的本能，因此选择A。3The passage is mainly

21、 about _.A. the helping behaviors of young childrenB. ways to train childrens shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natureD. the development of intelligence in children答案与解析：C考查主旨大意。文章前两段说明了黑猩猩的自私，第三段作者话锋一转，提出了本文要说明的中心：Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative

22、.因此选项C正确。B(2017江西模拟)Listed here are four of the thousands of impressive museums around the world.The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao, SpainBuilt in 1997, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is one of the newest in the world. It has transformed the industrial city of Bilbao into a travelers desired desti

23、nation. The beautiful architecture of the museum has provided a dramatic background for movies and commercials.The Louvre in Paris, FranceProbably the most famous Louvre also holds the most famous painting in the world, the “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci. Crowds can be found any day surrounding th

24、e small, but mysterious painting of the smiling woman. But, the Louvre is much more than a home to the “Mona Lisa”. The Louvre is visited by more people each year than any other museum in the world.The Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia, AmericaJust opened in its new downtown location in 2012, the Ba

25、rnes Foundation is unique in that it is a completely reproduced display from one mans private collection. Dr. Albert C. Barnes started collecting art in the early 20th century and collected, among others, the largest number of original Renoir paintings in the world.The Uffizi Gallery in Florence, It

26、alyWalking on the marbled floors feels like stepping back in time. The building itself is a beautiful palacelike structure with frescoes(湿壁画)decorating the ceilings and walls. Viewers are bowled over(印象深刻) by the works by Botticelli, such as “The Birth of Venus”. Classic artworks from nearly 1,000 y

27、ears ago describe religious events of the time.语篇解读本文为应用文，涉及文学与艺术话题。文章主要介绍了四个世界闻名的博物馆。4. Which of the following is the most popular?A. The Louvre.B. The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.C. The Barnes Foundation.D. The Uffizi Gallery.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。由The Louvre in Paris, France部分的“Crowds can be found any day”和

28、“The Louvre is visited by more people each year than any other museum in the world”可知四个博物馆中卢浮宫人气最旺。5. What makes the Barnes Foundation particular?A. Its structure. B. Its collection.C. Its location. D. Its history.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。由The Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia, America部分的“the Barnes Foundation

29、 is unique in that it is a completely reproduced display from one mans private collection”可知，该博物馆的特殊之处在于其所有的展览品均是复制品。故选择B。6. What type of writing is this text?A. An activity poster.B. An exhibition announcement.C. An art show review.D. A travel guide.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。由“Listed here are four of the thous

30、ands of impressive museums around the world”可知，本文主要介绍了四个世界闻名的博物馆的概况，故最有可能是旅行指南。二、完形填空I live in a big city with a lot of homeless people. Luckily therere _7_ ways of helping them and you neednt have a lot of _8_. One way to help is to buy their monthly magazine. _9_ doing this one day, I got to _10_

31、a young homeless man. He was often _11_ the magazine at the train station.He was a poor farmer from another country. After a while, I discovered that his _12_ was close to mine. It _13_ that we were born in the same month.I met him last year _14_ after his birthday, and after congratulating him, wit

32、hout _15_， I asked if he had had a good day. He _16_ and said that he hadnt really celebrated. I felt so _17_ .I just couldnt bear the thought of this nice, young man being _18_ on his 25th birthday with no friends, no presents, no cake, nothing! So I went home and looked in my yarn(纱线) basket. Luck

33、ily for me, I had enough yarn _19_. I set to work and knitted(编织) a _20_ for the young man. The yarn had become a little dirty _21_I didnt knit very often. Then I washed the yarn so the scarf would be _22_ when he got it.I met him on my own birthday as I was going shopping. I had _23_ to meet him so

34、 I had _24_ the scarf and a piece of my own birthday cake around with me. He was very _25_ with these gifts and so was I. The tears in his eyes were the best _26_ he could have given me!语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我通过购买流浪者卖的杂志来帮助他们，在这过程中我认识了一个生日比我早几天的年轻人，因为可怜他过生日时孤苦伶仃，我在自己生日那天送他一条自己织的围巾，分了一块自己的蛋糕。7. Acorrect Bb

35、asicCsome Dcheap答案与解析：C从后文可知，作者靠买流浪者卖的杂志帮助他们，选项A和B不符合，如果此空填“cheap”，则与后半句的意思重复，因此选择C。8. Awork BenergyCmoney Dexperience答案与解析：C从后文知，作者靠买流浪者卖的杂志帮助他们，而作者需要付出的只有少量金钱。9. AIn BOnCWith DBy答案与解析：D作者是通过买杂志来帮助流浪者，因此此处用“by”表示“通过”。10. Ameet BrealizeCknow Dlike答案与解析：C从后文可知，作者和流浪者慢慢熟悉起来，选项A“meet”强调第一次见面，不正确；选项B和D的

36、意思与语境不符。11. Aselling Bdelivering Creleasing Dcollecting答案与解析：A这个年轻人和其他流浪者一样卖杂志，因此选择A。12. Abirthday BhouseCheight Dage答案与解析：A从后文的“we were born in the same month”得知，此空应填“生日”。13. Asaid BdiscoveredCthought Dmeant答案与解析：D此句与前句的意思相同，因此使用“mean”表示“意思是”。14. Asuddenly Bshortly Ceventually Dinstantly答案与解析：B从后文可

37、知，作者祝年轻人生日快乐，因此可知年轻人的生日刚过，选择B。15. Apreparing BpermittingCgreeting Dthinking答案与解析：D作者祝年轻人生日快乐，后文却看到年轻人的窘态，说明作者过于轻率，“without thinking”表示“毫不思虑”，选择D。16. Alooked up Bturned up Clooked down Dcalm down答案与解析：C年轻人孤独地过了生日，因此情绪一定是比较低落的，此处填“look down”表示低下头，不好意思，因此选择C。其他选项并没有消极的意思。17. Afoolish Bhelpless Cnervous

38、 Dconfused答案与解析：A看到年轻人低落的样子，作者心里一定不好受，因此此处填“foolish”，表示作者感觉自己很冒失。18. Aunforgettable Bunbelievable Calone Dhungry答案与解析：C根据后面no friends. nothing可知，年轻人是自己过生日，此处填“alone”。19. Aused Bprepared Cleft Dproduced答案与解析：C根据下文“开始编织”可知此处是指有纱线剩余(left)。根据前文looked(查看)可知不可能是prepared(准备好的)。20. Ascarf Bsweater Ccap Dglo

39、ve答案与解析：A第四段最后一句中的“scarf”是此空的线索，选择A。21. Athough BsinceCunless Dand答案与解析：B此题考点是主句与从句之间的关系，此处“since”表示“既然”，用来表达间接原因。22. Adifferent Bnew Cbeautiful Dclean答案与解析：D此空前文提到了把纱线洗干净，因此此处填“干净”，选择D。23. Aliked BhopedCpromised Dagreed答案与解析：B此空前的“had”表示时态为过去完成时，说明作者想要见年轻人是提前计划好的，但是因为是一个惊喜，所以只有选项B的意思合适，作者希望能见到年轻人。2

40、4. Amade Bbrought Creceived Dcarried答案与解析：D此空考点为动词短语搭配，“carry something around with somebody”表示某人把某物带在身上。其他选项不与around搭配。25. Ahappy Bsurprised Csatisfied Dfrightened答案与解析：A此句中“so was I”说明空里的这一情绪是作者和年轻人同时感觉到的，只有选项A“开心”符合题意。26. Areward BopportunityCsurprise Dpresent答案与解析：D此空后的“he could have given me”表示

41、年轻人的眼泪代替了他本应该送给她的东西，所以选项D“礼物”是最恰当的。三、语法填空The Great Wall of China, a wonder of the world, _27_(call) “The tenthousand Li Great Wall” in Chinese. Its over 6,000 kilometers long, 6 to 7 meters high _28_ 4 to 5 meters wide. At most places the Great Wall has a wide walkway _29_ snakes along the top. The

42、Great Wall has a history of more than two thousand years. _30_ was during the Qin Dynasty that the parts were joined up into one long wall. In ancient days it was difficult _31_(build) such a wall. Our forefathers carried, lifted and _32_(lay) big bricks and stones _33_ simple tools. Each brick and

43、stone fits well, even _34_ they didnt have our modern machines.Nowadays the Great Wall has become a place of interest. Every year people _35_ all over the world come to visit it. Many of them have got to know the famous Chinese saying: “He who does not reach the Great Wall is not _36_ true man.”27_2

44、8._29._30_31._32._33_34._35._36_答案：语篇解读文章介绍了中国万里长城的相关情况。27is called考查动词语态。此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态。28and考查并列连词。and连接三个并列表语。29that/which考查定语从句。先行词是walkway。30It考查代词。it构成强调句型“It was. that.”。31to build考查非谓语动词。“It is difficult to do.”是个常见的结构。32laid考查动词时态。此处用动词的一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。33with考查介词搭配。with表示“用”。34though/if考查连词

45、。even though/if意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。35from考查介词。表示“来自全世界的人们”。36a考查不定冠词。全句意思是“不到长城非好汉”。 B卷一、阅读理解A(2017河南检测)Land Art, sometimes referred to as Earth Art or Earthworks, is a form of art which involves using physical landscapes to create art, taking art out of the museum and into the outside world. Modern Lan

46、d Art movement really got going in the 1960s when American artists began creating Land Art on a large scale. Today, works of modern Land Art can be seen all over the world, sometimes right alongside much older pieces of Land Art created by people who lived thousands of years ago.Land Art, which is n

47、ot necessarily unchangeable, can take a number of forms. For example, in 1970 Robert Smithson created the Spiral Jetty(螺旋状防波堤), made of a collection of stones and mud, in the Great Salt Lake. The American artist made a large jetty in a spiral shape which sticks out into the waters of the lake.Reshap

48、ing the landscape is a common characteristic of Land Art, which can be created by moving parts around. People can also add things to the environment to create Land Art, like salt, which is added to the Spiral Jetty. It is possible to use plants. In all cases, Land Art is immovable.Land Art is design

49、ed to gradually form, change, and eventually decay(衰落). Thats one of the biggest differences between Land Art and most of the art one sees in the museums. Some works of art can exist only for a few hours or days. Others are exposed to rain and wind so that they develop and decay over time, which is

50、part of the attractiveness in the eyes of the artists.语篇解读地景艺术开始于数千年之前，它不同于传统的艺术，主要使用泥土、石块等材料在户外制作艺术品。1. What can be learned from the first paragraph?A. Land Art was the most popular art in the 1960s.B. Land Art aims to get people interested in nature.C. American artists were the first to create Lan

51、d Art.D. People have been creating Land Art for thousands of years.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句中的“sometimes right alongside much older pieces of Land Art created by people who lived thousands of years ago”可知，数千年前人们就开始制作地景艺术，故D项正确。2. What do we know about Robert Smithson?A. He is a great creative artist.B

52、. He lives near the Great Salt Lake.C. He made the most famous Land Art.D. He was a pioneer in creating Land Art.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第二段的第二句“For example, in 1970 Robert Smithson created the Spiral Jetty(螺旋状防波堤), made of a collection of stones and mud, in the Great Salt Lake”可知，地景艺术可以采取多种形式，Robert Smiths

53、on在大盐湖中用泥浆和石头制造了螺旋状防波堤；据此可以推断，他是一位非常有创造力的艺术家。3. One of the unique characteristics of land Art lies in _.A. showing the extreme beauty of natureB. developing and decaying gradually over timeC. combining the landscapes around completelyD. offering the artists a chance to get close to nature答案与解析：B考查细节

54、理解。根据文章的最后一句“Others are exposed to rain and wind so that they develop and decay over time, which is part of the attractiveness in the eyes of the artists”可知，地景艺术会随着时间的推移而发展和衰落，故B项正确。4. What is the passage mainly about?A. Works of Land Art.B. History of Land Art.C. Changes of Land Art.D. Introduction

55、 of Land Art.答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段的第一句“Land Art, sometimes referred to as Earth Art or Earthworks, is a form of art which involves using physical landscapes to create art，taking art out of the museum and into the outside world”，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了地景艺术，故D项正确。B(2017四川模拟)NASAs New Horizons probe

56、(宇宙探测器) flew by Pluto(冥王星) this morning, sending back historys first upclose looks at the vast freezingcold world. Closest approach came at 7：49 am. EDT. To celebrate, NASA gave out the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amazing heartshaped feature on its surface.After todays c

57、lose encounter, all the nine solar systems traditionally recognized planets have now been visited by a spaceshipa huge project begun in 1962 when NASAs Mariner 2 probe flew past Venus, a planet in the solar system. More than l,200 scientists, NASA guests and important persons, including 200 reporter

58、s, watched the flyby live at New Horizons mission control center.That close encounter has been a long time coming. The $723 million New Horizons mission was launched in January 2006 but began taking shape in 1989. “New Horizons is a capstone mission，” Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Spac

59、e. com. “It is the first completion of the observations of our solar system. Its giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe.”New Horizons “faced a crazy number of challenges.” Stern, a driving force behind New Horizons said，“So many people stuck with this for so long. They

60、got knocked down; they stood up. They got knocked down again; they stood up again.”In a coincidence, todays close approach falls on the 50th anniversary of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was completed by NASAs Mariner 4 spaceship.There are no longer nine officially recognized planets

61、, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as “a dwarf planet” in 2006 in a decision that remains controversial(有争议的) today.语篇解读NASA新视野号探测器飞掠冥王星使人类第一次看到了冥王星的清晰照片。5Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?AIdeas still vary in the identity of Pluto.BOnly scientists could

62、watch the flyby live.CMars is the first planet visited by a spaceship.DNew Horizons mission aimed to observe the solar system.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto asa dwarf planetin 2006 in a decision that remains controversial(有争议的)today”可知，A项正确。故选A。6Glen Fount

63、ain may probably agree that _.Ait is the most difficult to land on Pluto in the solar systemBNew Horizons mission is a long and troublesome projectCtheir strong determination leads to the successful flybyDpeople are likely to find new ways to fit into space答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“It is the first compl

64、etion of the observations of our solar system.Its giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe”可知，新视野号探测器从冥王星附近飞过，这是第一次完成对太阳系的探测考察，它给了我们一个关于人类应如何融入宇宙的新想法。由此可推知，人们可能会寻找新的方法以融入宇宙。故选D。7Which is the best title for the passage?AA New Horizons ProbeBNASAs Huge ProjectCPluto, a Cont

65、roversial PlanetDA Close Approach to Pluto答案与解析：D考查标题判断。NASA新视野号探测器飞掠冥王星，这是历史上第一次近距离地观察冥王星，是人类历史上的突破。故“近距离地接触冥王星”作标题最佳。故选D。二、七选五 _8_ People travelled in search of food and shelter or in order to flee from their enemies. Sometimes they were looking for gold or silver in order to become rich. On other

66、 occasions they were searching for rich farmland.This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for fun. Even in ancient times, some pleasure travel occurred. During a typical season, 700,000 tourists would crowd into the ancient city of Rome, where animals performed and magicians entertained the

67、m. _9_10_ International tourist arrivals alone reached as many as 546 million in 1994 and are forecast to rise to 937 million in 2010, according to the world Trade Organization. _11_ Probably the most common reason for traveling is related to our physical wellbeing. Actually, traveling to sports eve

68、nts is one of the fastest growing types of travel. In our fast developing society where stress has become part of peoples life, people can rest and relax by having a change of environment and activities._12_No one seems to doubt that travel broadens the mind. In 18th century Europe, young men would

69、go on a Grand Tour to various countries in order to complete their education. Today the desire to travel to different countries is encouraged by modern mass media. People who travel to other countries can at the same time learn more about their own country and culture.A. But why do people like trave

70、ling so much?B. Throughout history, most travel was not for pleasure.C. So they travel to a lake for a swim or a park for a bike.D. The improvement in transportation has also encouraged people to travel.E. Wealthy Romans made trips to Greece to take part in the Olympic Games.F. The growth of tourism

71、 has become a modern phenomenon experienced by all countries in the world.G. Another important reason for traveling is to satisfy our curiosity about different places and cultures.答案：语篇解读文章讲述从古至今人们为什么喜欢去旅行。8B由首段段意及第二段中的This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for fun，可知纵观历史，很多人旅行不只是为了乐趣，故选B

72、。9E所有选项只有E项提及罗马人，因此E项内容与本段段意匹配。10F文中International与F中all countries in the world意义相近，本段讲述了国际上游客逐渐增多的现象。11A最后两段说明了人们旅游的原因，故本题选A项But why do people like traveling so much(为什么人们喜爱旅游)来统领下面两段。12G有前一段中的Probably the most common reason for traveling可知，此段开头应填G项，转接写Another important reason for traveling。三、短文改错Im

73、 writing to invite you to visit China and spending the Summer vacation with me.I have made wonderful plan for it. First, we can go to Qingdao, there it is cool and mild, and have funs at the seaside. Then we were to participate in a Taiji camp in the Wudang Mountains. You are curious about Chinese K

74、ongfu, but I believe this is a good chance to learn it. Last of all, I have also been longed to take you to the countryside. We can stay there for a few days and visit to some relatives of me. I hope this plan suits you well and I am looking forward to your coming.答案：Im writing to invite you to visi

75、t China and the Summer vacation with .I have made wonderful plan for it. First, we can go to Qingdao, it is cool and mild, and have at the seaside. Then we to participate in a Taiji camp in the Wudang Mountains. You are curious about Chinese Kongfu, I believe this is a good chance to learn it. Last of all, I have also been to take you to the countryside. We can stay there for a few days and visit some relatives of . I hope this plan suits you well and I am looking forward to your coming.