2019-2020同步译林英语选修七新突破讲义：UNIT 4 SECTION Ⅰ　READING （Ⅰ）（WELCOME TO THE UNIT .doc

1、Bin Railway Dreams从北京到上海，只需要288分钟！中国的高铁时代已经到来，越来越多的旅客会放弃飞机而选择火车。Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.Sounds unusual，doesnt it? But its not that

2、 unrealistic，with the development of Chinas highspeed railway plan to connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern Europe.China is negotiating to extend its own highspeed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and Singapore.If Chinas plan

3、 for the highspeed railway goes forward，people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days.The new system would still follow Chinas highspeed railway standard.And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes.Of course，there are some technical cha

4、llenges to overcome.There are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge，maintenance of railway tracks.So，its important to pay attention to every detail.Itll be a winwin project.For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，touri

5、sm and so on，not to mention the better communication among those countries.For China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some muchneeded resources，but would also help develop Chinas far west.We foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to

6、 the western regions，where the land is empty and resources are unused.With highspeed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all.And theyll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.阅读障碍词1unrealistic adj.不现实的，不切实际的2negotiate vi.&vt.谈判，协商3zip vi

7、.疾行前往4gauge n.轨距5definitely adv.确切地，肯定地6migrate vi.迁徙，移居诱思导读1What benefits do you think the highspeed railway system can bring us?It can create more opportunities for business，tourism，and make better communication and so on.2Are there any problems in the railway network? Please make a list.There are

8、 some technical challenges to overcome，such as safety，rail gauge，maintenance of railway tracks.Section Reading ()(Welcome to the unit & Reading).匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.conveyAadj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的()2.authorityBvt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应()3.unbelievable Cn.部分；部件；部门()4.undertakeDvt.运送，输送；表达()5.sectionEn.权力，

9、权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权()6.unfortunatelyFvt.延迟，延期()7.postponeGvi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞 n哽咽声，呛住的声音()8.intervalHadv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地()9.chokeIvi.& vt.扩大，扩展，增大()10.enlargeJn.间隔，间隙答案15DEABC610HFJGI.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A为了向表示敬意 B连接C导致D起作用E中途下客F捡起()1.They have planned to link up the two areas by telephone.()2.The library fu

10、nctioned as a temporary hospital to cope with the wounded.()3.They held a party in honour of the presidents coming here.()4.Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.()5.I would have picked it up if I had noticed it.()6.I can drop you off on my way home.答案16BDACFEThe first underground in the

11、 worldWelcome to the London Underground，or as it is usually known，the tube.It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.Rail(铁路) services to London were first developed during the first half of the 19th century.However，most trains to London only went to

12、 the outer(远离中心的) city limits，because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.Horsedrawn(用马拉的) buses，trams(有轨电车)，cabs(出租车) and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.Unfortunately，the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable t

13、raffic jams(交通堵塞)，and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.世界上第一条地铁欢迎来到伦敦地铁通常它被称为“管子”。伦敦地铁是世界上最古老且最复杂的地铁系统，并因此而享有盛名。早在19世纪上半叶就首次有了通往伦敦的铁路交通服务。但大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。用马拉的公共汽车、有轨电车、出租车和四轮马车被用来送人们

14、到市中心和周围地区。不幸的是，路上车辆的数量造成了难以置信的交通堵塞，道路交通变得如此拥挤以至于任何地方都无人能够通行。这一交通问题导致了地铁系统的研发。助读讲解as 引导非限制性定语从句。have the distinction of.在某方面卓越/优秀。building railway .是动名词短语，在 because 引导的原因状语从句中作主语。该原因状语从句使用了虚拟语气，相当于：if railway tracks had been built into the city，it would have damaged many old buildings。In 1854，the Bri

15、tish government gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan(大城市的) Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London，between Paddington and Farringdon，via(经由) Kings Cross，St Pancras and Euston.However，new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amoun

16、t of money，so the digging was postponed until 1860The initial tunnels(地下通道) were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground.Passengers were transported in carriages without windows，which were pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines.In 1868，the next section of the under

17、ground system was opened in the south of London by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway.Sixteen years later，in 1884，the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.This later became the Ci

18、rcle Line.Because of the smoke from the steam engines，early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals，so that people could get fresh air and would not choke(窒息) .1854年，英国政府正式批准大都会铁路公司在伦敦市中心的帕丁顿和法林顿之间建一条地铁，途经国王十字站、圣潘克里斯和尤斯顿。然而，新火车需要研发，该计划需要筹集大笔资金，因此挖掘工作一直延迟到1860

19、年。首批地铁隧道于1863年开通， 它们紧靠地表。乘客们坐在没有窗户的车厢中被运来运去，这些车厢由蒸汽机拉动，穿梭于狭窄的隧道。1868年，地铁系统接下去的一段由另一家名为大都会区铁路的公司在伦敦南部开通。十六年后的1884年，大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合，为城市中部地区提供地铁服务。此线后来变成了环线。由于蒸汽机发出浓烟，早期的地铁线需要每隔一段距离挖一些通向地面的大洞，这样人们就能呼吸新鲜空气而不会窒息。助读讲解give approval to 正式批准。so连接表示因果关系的并列句，第一个分句中动名词短语raising a large amount of money作动词requ

20、ire的宾语。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 carriages。at (.) intervals 每隔距离或时间；so that.引导目的状语从句。As better ways for digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Undergrounds development.The City and South

21、 London Railway opened the first electric underground railway in 1890.Over the next twentyfive years，six independent deep underground lines were constructed.Travelling on these lines was not convenient，though，as each line was possessed by a different company，and many were very far from each other.随着

22、更好的挖掘隧道的方法被研发出来，第一条穿过泰晤士河底的地铁隧道于1884年被挖掘成功。这些新的隧道挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁发展的步伐。1 890年，伦敦城及南伦敦铁路公司开通了第一条电力地铁线。在接下来的25年里，六条独立的深层地铁线建成。然而搭乘这些线路并不方便，因为各条线路属于不同的公司，而且许多线路之间相距甚远。助读讲解as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。over the next twentyfive years 在接下来的25年里，over 表示“在期间”。as引导原因状语从句。Having seen the situation，a wealthy American businessm

23、an，Charles Yerkes，undertook the job of improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership(所有权) of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.In 1933，a public organization called the London Passenger Transport Board was created.The Underground Electri

24、c Railways Company of London，the Metropolitan Line and all the different bus and train lines were placed under the authority of the Board.This organization eventually became London Transport.Between 1918 and 1938，many new stations were constructed，the most famous of which by an architect(建筑师) named

25、Charles Holden.看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯耶基斯的美国富商于1 902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。1933年，一个叫作伦敦客运总署的公共机构成立。伦敦电力地铁公司、大都会支线以及所有不同的公交、列车线路都归该署掌管。这个机构最终成为伦敦交通运输管理局。在1918年到1938年间，很多新车站建了起来，其中最著名的是名叫查尔斯霍尔登的建筑师负责设计的。助读讲解现在分词短语的完成式，在句中作状语。under the authority of 由负责/掌管 。the most famous of which.为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词

26、many new stations；其中过去分词短语named Charles Holden作名词an architect的后置定语。The underground system had some unusual uses during World War .When London was bombed，many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters.A new line was used as an underground airplane factory，an underground station was used as a c

27、entre for directing the defence against air attacks，and the station nearest the Prime Ministers(首相) house was used by the Prime Minister as meeting rooms for the administration of government.地铁系统在二战时期发挥了一些特殊作用。当伦敦被炸弹炸了之后，许多地铁站被用作避难所。一条新建的地铁线被用作地下飞机制造厂，一个地铁站被用作反空袭指挥中心，离首相府最近的地铁站被首相用作政府行政会议室。助读讲解when引

28、导时间状语从句。and连接三个表示顺承关系的并列句；第二个分句中动名词短语directing the defence against air attacks作介词for的宾语。After World War ended in 1945，more people travelled on the underground，so the system was enlarged and more lines were added，including the Victoria Line，which was linked with other lines at almost every station.Th

29、is helped make the system more userfriendly(方便用户的)The last line added was the Jubilee Line，which was opened in 1979 in honour of the twentyfifth anniversary(周年纪念日) of Elizabeth becoming the queen.1945年第二次世界大战结束之后，更多的人乘坐地铁；因此地铁系统扩大，增加了更多的线路，其中包括维多利亚线，它几乎在每一个地铁站都与其他线路连接。这有助于使地铁系统更加便于使用。最后增加的一条线路是朱比利线，

30、于1979年开通，以庆祝伊丽莎白女王二世登基25周年。助读讲解after引导时间状语从句；so连接表示因果关系的并列句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Victoria Line。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Jubilee Line，其中动名词复合结构Elizabeth becoming the queen充当介词of的宾语。The London underground system is working to transport huge numbers of people as it has done for many years.Over thre

31、e million people travel on the underground every day.The network of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twentysix miles out of central London.So，why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today？Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to

32、 travel all over the underground system.正如许多年来它已经做的那样，伦敦地铁系统还在为运载大量的乘客而运转着。每天有超过三百万的人乘坐地铁。整个地铁系统包括12条线路，现已延伸到距离伦敦中心26英里以外的地区。那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？到我们的售票处看看，并购买一张旅行卡吧，旅行卡可以让你畅游整个地铁系统。助读讲解as引导定语从句，代替前面句子。Why not do sth.? 是一个固定句式，意思是“为什么不做某事呢？”that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the travel cards。第一步速读了解文章主题和段落大意速读P5

33、051教材课文，选择最佳答案What is the main idea of the passage?AIt tells the history and development of the London Underground.BIt tells the function of the London Underground in World War.CMany people contributed to the building of the London Underground.DWhy the London Underground was built.答案A第二步细读把控文章关键信息细读

34、P5051教材课文，选择最佳答案1Why did most trains to London only go to the outer city limits?ABecause building railway tracks into the city would have needed much money.BBecause building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.CBecause the technology was not so advanced then.DBecause t

35、he London government didnt approve the plan.2If you travelled on the underground in 1884，you would Alook out of the window of your carriage to enjoy the sceneryBsee the smoke caused by the steam enginesCsuffer from noiseDgo to the south in London 3Why was travelling on the underground lines inconven

36、ient in the 1880s?ABecause the speed of the underground was slow.BBecause the price of the tickets was very high.CBecause you should queue up.DBecause each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other.4The underground system was functioned as the following except Abomb sheltersBa

37、n underground airplane factoryCfield hospitalDmeeting rooms答案14BBDC第三步研读能力升华接轨高考根据P5051教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The London Underground has the distinction of being the 1.oldest (old) and most complex underground system in the world.Before the initial tunnels were opened in 1863，the traffic jams

38、 of London were 2.unbelievable (believable)Twentyone years 3.later，in 1884，the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway 4.linked(link) up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.With better ways of 5.digging(dig) tunnels developed，the first railway tunnel

39、 under the River Thames was dug in 1884.The city and south London Railway opened the first electric underground railway in 1890.And six independent deep underground lines were constructed over the next twentyfive years.Then a 6.wealthy(wealth) American businessman，Charles Yerkes obtained many differ

40、ent lines and set 7.up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.Between 1918 and 1938，many new stations were constructed.During World War ，the underground system had some unusual uses.After the war，the system 8.was enlarged (enlarge) and more lines were added because more people travelled on the underground.The London underground system is working to transport huge 9.numbers (number) of people as it has done for many years.Buy one of the travel cards 10.and you can take a trip on all over the underground system.