2019-2020学年人教新课标高中英语必修一讲义：UNIT 5 NELSON MANDELA 5-1 WORD版含答案.doc

1、Unit 5Nelson Mandela a modern hero曼德拉南非首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。曼德拉不仅仅是一位伟人，更是人们敬仰的英雄。Nelson Mandela, the first black president of South Africa who was a symbol (象征) of social justice (公正), passed away on Dec. 5, 2013. His death is a great loss to the whole world, since this modern hero, who used to fight fo

2、r the black people, helped the black people get the same rights as white people, and began a school to help those who had little learning even during the time when he was put into prison. He was the one who always gave priority to (优先考虑) his nation.Nelson was a great man, but he was more than a grea

3、t man. He was, is, and always will be a hero. In my view, being a hero means more than making great achievements. In fact, heroes are extraordinary (非凡的), because their hearts are filled with love for people. It is this love that makes them heroes, rather than great men.So this is the difference bet

4、ween great men and heroes. What makes a hero is not only ones achievements, but also his selfless (无私的) love. With great achievements and selfless love, the person can become a true hero, just like Nelson Mandela.短文注释：1pass away去世2a great loss一个巨大的损失3used to do 过去常常4fight for. 为而奋斗5put. into prison将

5、投入监狱6in my view 在我看来7make great achievements取得巨大成就8be filled with 充满9not only. but also.不但而且Section Warming Up & Reading Prereading重点单词写作词汇1.quality n质量；品质；性质2mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的4found vt. 建立；建设5principle n. 法则；原则6stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期7vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决8attack vt. 进攻；

6、攻击；抨击拓展词汇1.active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地activity n活动2devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n热爱；献身；奉献3peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地peace n和平；平静；和睦4guidance n指导；领导guide v指导；带领5hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的hope n希望；愿望6violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地7equal adj

7、.相等的；平等的equality n平等；相等equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地8self n自我；自身selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；忘我的selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地9legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal adj.(反义词)非法的，违法的10youth n青年，青年时期young adj.年轻的11lawyer n律师law 法律12willing adj.乐意的，自愿的unwilling adj.不乐意的阅读词汇1.warmhearted adj. 热心肠的2easygoing adj. 随和的，温和宽容的3re

8、public n. 共和国4giant adj. 巨大的5mankind n. 人类6league n. 同盟；联盟重点短语1.out_of_work 失业2as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上3in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中4turn_to 求助于；致力于5blow_up 使充气；爆炸6be_grateful_to 对感激7die_for 为而死8achieve_ones_dream 实现梦想重点句型1.This is/was a time when.这是一个时期However, this_was_a_time_when(这是一个时期)one had go

9、t to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.2where引导的定语从句，修饰抽象地点名词stageThe last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a_stage_where_we_have_almost_no_rights_at_all(几乎什么权利都没有的阶段)3which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way并在从句中作主语We first broke the

10、 law in_a_way_which_was_peaceful(用和平的方式); when this was not allowed.4only状语置于句首要部分倒装Only_then_did_we_decide_to(只有这个时候我们才决定) answer violence with violence.5Its no pleasure doing sth.做某事没有乐趣Its_no_pleasure_looking_through_these_any_longer(观看这些已经不再是乐趣) because nature is one thing that really must be ex

11、perienced.“n.fuladj.”荟萃peacepeaceful和平的painpainful 痛苦的harmharmful 有害的powerpowerful 强大的meaningmeaningful 有意义的cheercheerful 欢乐的后缀ance高频名词全接触guidance 指导；领导importance 重要；重要性ignorance 无知； 愚昧significance 意义；重要性appearance 出现tolerance 宽容；容忍self反身代词myself 我自己yourself 你自己himself 他自己herself 她自己itself 它自己oursel

12、ves 我们自己yourselves 你们自己themselves 他们自己“out ofn.”短语集锦out of work失业out of control 失控out of mind 心不在焉out of order 有毛病；出故障out of sight 看不见“inn.”短语面面观in trouble 在困境中in danger 处于危险中in return 作为回报in vain 徒劳地in order 井然有序in place 在适当的位置Step One：Warming upA famous person may not be a great person, but a grea

13、t person must be a famous person.1Who do you think are great persons in the following pictures?答案：A，B and E2What do you know about Nelson Mandela?He_devotes_his_life_to_helping_his_people_get_the_same_rights_as_white_people_in_his_country./He_is_a_national_leader_who_has_been_fighting_for_making_bla

14、ck_and_white_people_equal./Nelson_Mandela_is_regarded_as_one_of_the_greatest_spiritual_and_political_leaders_of_our_time.Step Two：Fast readingSkim the text and choose the best answers.1Whats the main idea of the text?AThe life of black workers.BThe fight between Mandela and the white people.CThe sto

15、ries between Mandela and Elias.DThe education of Elias.答案：C2Match the main idea of each part.Paras.12(B)AThe change of Elias life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela didParas.37(A)BThe life of Elias before he met Nelson MandelaStep Three：Careful readingRead the reading passage carefully and

16、 choose the best answers according to the text.1Why did Elias have to leave school?AHe didnt have a passbook.BHis home was far from the school.CHis family couldnt afford the school fees.DHe couldnt read or write.答案：C2Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to _.Amake moneyBhelp the poor blac

17、k people with their problemsCmake himself famousDstudy law答案：B3How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job?AHe talked with Elias boss.BHe helped him get the correct papers.CHe lent him some money.DHe asked him to go to court.答案：B4What dream did Nelson Mandela have?ATo become the president of Sout

18、h Africa.BTo win the Nobel Peace Prize.CTo make black and white people equal.DTo blow up some government buildings.答案：CStep Four：Explain difficult sentences1The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.句式分析尝试翻译第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。2However, this was a time w

19、hen one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.句式分析尝试翻译可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡非得要有身份证不可。3Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.句式分析尝试翻译糟糕的是我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，并且我担心是否会失业。4. we were put into a position in which we had either

20、 to accept we were less important, or fight the government.句式分析尝试翻译我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。ReadingELIAS STORYMy name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela【1】 was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in

21、1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice【2】. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for_which_I_was_grateful【3】【1】when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The time。【2】to whom在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the black lawyer。介词to与从句中的went搭配(go to sb. for advice去

22、某人处寻求建议)。【3】for which在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。介词for与从句中的grateful搭配(be grateful for sth.对某事非常感激)。I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years【4】 was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue

23、to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg【5】. Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would

24、become out of work.【4】where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The school。【5】“this was a time when.”是常考句式，其中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。The day when Nelson Mandela helped me【6】 was one of my happiest. He told me how to get【7】 the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never fo

25、rgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League， I joined it as soon as I could. He said：【6】when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The day。【7】how to get为“特殊疑问词动词不定式”结构，在此处作told的直接宾语。“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reache

26、d a stage where we have almost no rights at all.【8】”【8】本句中“The last thirty years”为无生命名词短语作主语；“have seen the.rights and progress”为“see宾语宾补”结构，其中“stopping our rights and progress”为现在分词短语作宾补；“where we have almost no rights at all”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a stage。It was the truth. Black people could not vote

27、or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live【9】 were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live【10】 were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela

28、 said：【9】in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The parts of town。【10】where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The places outside the towns。“.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government【11】. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful【12】

29、； when this was not allowed.only then did we【13】 decide to answer violence with violence.”【11】in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a position，其中“either.or.”连接了两个不定式短语to accept.和(to) fight the government。【12】which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way。【13】此处“only状语”位于句首，句子用了部分倒装结构；“only状语从句”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。As a matter of fact， I do

30、not like violence.but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison【14】. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.【14】because在此引导原因状语从句，原因状语从句中含有if

31、引导的条件状语从句。伊莱亚斯的故事我叫伊莱亚斯，是南非的一个穷苦黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。他在法律问题上给贫苦的黑人提供指导。他不吝惜时间，我对此非常感激。我需要他的帮助，因为我只受过很少的教育。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我家无法继续支付学费和车费。我既读不好也写不好。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而，那时必须有身份证才能住在约翰内斯堡。不幸的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的。我很担心自己会失业。纳尔逊曼德拉帮助我的那天

32、是我最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更加充满了希望。我永远忘不了曼德拉是多么和善。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”这是事实。黑人没有选举权，也无权选择自己的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们在城里不得不居住的地方是由白人决定的。他们被打发去城外居住的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。没有人能在那儿种庄稼。事实上，正如纳尔逊曼德拉所说的：“我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我

33、们选择对抗法律。首先我们用和平的方式来打破法律，当这种方式得不到允许时只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。” 事实上，我并不喜欢暴力但是在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的，因为如果被抓住了，我可能要坐牢。但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。词语积累lawyer/lj/n.律师guidance/aIdns/n.指导；领导under the guidance of sb.under ones guidance在某人的指导下legal/lil/adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal adj.非法的be generous with在方面慷慨大方f

34、ee/fi/n.费(会费、学费等)；酬金fare/fe(r)/n.费(车费、船费、飞机票价等)passbook/psbk/n.南非共和国有色人种的身份证out of work失业papers/peIp(r)z/n.证件hopeful/hpfl/adj.怀有希望的；有希望的youth/ju/n.青年；青年时期league/li/n.同盟；联盟；联合会Youth League青年团stage/steId/n.舞台；阶段；时期vote/vt/vt.&vi.投票；选举n投票；选票；表决position/pzIn/n.状况；地位；位置；职位position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用whe

35、re或in which。attack/tk/vt.进攻；攻击；抨击allow/la/v.允许，准许violence/vaIlns/n.暴力；暴行as a matter of fact事实上blow up使充气；爆炸put sb. in prison将某人关进监狱同义短语：send sb. to prison; throw sb. into prisonachieve/tiv/vt.达到；完成equal/ikwl/adj.相等的；平等的核心素养链接文化采风1曼德拉(Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela)。1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大

36、学律师资格，是南非著名的反种族隔离革命家、政治家和慈善家。1993年，曼德拉被授予诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，曼德拉被选为最伟大的南非人。2013年12月6日，曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。2约翰内斯堡(Johannesburg)，南非第一大城市及第一大港，著名的“黄金之城”，是南非共和国经济、政治、文化、旅游及航运中心，世界著名的国际大都市，拥有人口388.81万，其中半数以上是黑人。课时作业(十七)Unit 5Section Warming Up & Reading Prereading .阅读理解AMickey Maux Muddles a MurderPhilip EmmaHa

37、rdback|Paperback|Ebook$29.99|$19.99|$3.99Mickey Maux is a wealthy scientist who invents things and takes on detective(侦探) cases when theyre too hard for the police. He comes across a strange murder scene(凶杀案现场) and solves it like no other detective can.One Day I was Thinking About .Alice Hartleywww.

38、 authorhouse. comPaperback|Ebook$19.95|$3.99This book shares poems whose ideas were given by events and family members who came to visit but never stayed. Short meetings have short poems. Others are about love and hate. Let them bring a smile to your face!Stress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and DeadEliez

39、er BenJosephHardback|Paperback|Ebook$24.99|$19.99|$13.99The secrets here are simple and straightforward. They are the answers to lifes ageold worries. Here is a book for anyone of any age to learn what it means to live a happy, worryfree life.Princess AmberMargaret Wright.auPaperback|Ebook$24.19|$4.

40、99Princess Amber was written to celebrate the short but wonderful life of a young child in the authors class. Born with a medical condition and walking only with support, she needed more than anything else to dance on the stage.【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四本图书。1Which of the following books is sold at the high

41、est price in paperback?APrincess Amber.BOne Day I was Thinking About.CMickey Maux Muddles a Murder.DStress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and Dead.答案与解析：A细节理解题。对比文章所介绍的四本图书的平装本的价格可知，Princess Amber的平装本价格最高。2Whose book teaches readers how to avoid worries in life?APhilip Emmas. BAlice Hartleys.CMargaret Wrig

42、hts. DEliezer BenJosephs.答案与解析：D细节理解题。由Stress Makes You Fat, Wrinkled and Dead部分中的.answers to lifes ageold worries以及learn.worryfree life可知，读者可以从该书中学习如何去除生活中的烦恼和焦虑等，而该书的作者是Eliezer BenJoseph。3What makes Princess Amber different from other books?AIt tells a true story.BIt was written as a gift.CIt is s

43、uitable for readers of any age.DIt is sold in both printed and electronic forms.答案与解析：A细节理解题。由该书内容简介部分中的Princess Amber was.a young child in the authors class可知，该书讲述的是一个真实的故事，主人公是作者的学生。BWanda Butts dropped the phone and screamed when she heard the news that her son was dead.Josh had drowned(溺亡) while

44、 sailing on a lake with friends. The 16yearold didnt know how to swim, and he wasnt wearing a life jacket.Josh was not alone in the black community. According to USA Swimming, 70% of AfricanAmerican children cannot swim. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, AfricanAmerican ch

45、ildren between the ages of 5 and 14 are three times more likely to drown than white children in the same age range(范围)In 2007, Butts started the Josh Project, a nonprofit(非营利组织) that provides lowcost swimming lessons for children in Toledo, Ohio. The swimming lessons take place at a local high schoo

46、l over four Saturdays for a total cost of $10.To date, the Josh Project has helped more than 1,000 children learn how to swim.“The public pools near our home were closed, and other places were not affordable，” said Lisa Haynes, whose 14yearold son, Joshua, is one of 60plus students in the Josh Proje

47、ct this summer.“I am less worried if Joshua is near water because he has the basics of how to swim，” Haynes said. “And were thankful for that.”Butts is doing much more, however, than just providing swimming lessons.“She ups the awareness(意识)，” said Shaun Anderson, a swimming coach who was so inspire

48、d by her story that he created a Josh Project swimming program at Norfolk State University. “Once these commnunities learn how to swim, they will pass it down, which results in future generations(代) that know how to swim.”Butts said she has two wishes for the future: One is to change the drowning nu

49、mbers of AfricanAmerican children, and the other is to have a swimming center where the children can swim daily instead of just once a week.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的Wanda Butts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。4What led to Joshs drowning?AHe was poor in boating skills.BHe gave his life jacket to a friend.CHe

50、was never taught swimming skills.DHe was careless when swimming in the lake.答案与解析：C细节理解题。由第二段可知，因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣，Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。5Why did the author list the numbers in Paragraph 3?ATo show children under 14 are more likely to drown.BTo argue children should learn swimming at a very young age.CTo sho

51、w many AfricanAmerican children lack swimming skills.DTo introduce the difference between AfricanAmerican and white children.答案与解析：C推理判断题。第三段主旨句为第一句，即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见。接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法，70%的非裔美国儿童不会游泳，且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中，非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。因此，这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。6What can we learn abou

52、t the Josh Project?AIt has its own swimming pools.BIt provides lessons only in summer.CIt serves children aged from 5 to 14.DIts swimming lessons take place once a week.答案与解析：D细节理解题。由第四段中的The swimming lessons.four Saturdays以及最后一段中的where the children.just once a week可知，该组织每周六开设游泳课程，一周一次。7What did Lis

53、a Haynes think of the swimming lessons the Josh Project provides?AExpensive. BHelpful.CInteresting. DDifficult.答案与解析：B推理判断题。由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知，她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本的游泳技能，她对此很感激。因此可推断，Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。.阅读填句Go fly a kiteLearning how to fly a kite is simple, and flying kites can be a fun form of exer

54、cise.Of course, the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string(线). _1_ Then wait for a windy day.When the perfect day arrives, find an open space, such as a field. _2_Before flying your kite, find out which way the wind is blowing. _3_ To begin flying your kite, stand with your back to the

55、wind and hold the kite up so the wind can catch it. If the day is not very windy, you may need to get your kite started by running._4_ At the same time, walk backwards a few steps to keep the string tight(拉紧的). Now that your kite is up in the air, you can decide how long to fly it and how high you w

56、ant it to go._5_ Slowly wind up(卷起) the string. Try not to pull your kite in too fast or it may crash(坠落)Flying a kite is a great way to spend a windy afternoon. If you follow these steps carefully, you will have something more fun to do than sitting inside and watching TV. So on the next windy day,

57、 get up off the sofa. Go fly a kite!AYou can do this by throwing grass into the air.BFinally, you will need to bring your kite down.CYou can buy your kite and string at a toy shop.DFollow the instructions to put your kite together.ENothing beats seeing a kite sail high into the clouds.FDont fly your

58、 kite near trees because it can get caught.GOnce the wind catches your kite, let out more string so it can climb higher.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章简单介绍了放风筝的几个步骤。1C本空承接上句the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string，说明了获得风筝和线的一种途径。2FF项说明选择放风筝场所时的注意事项，与本空前一句内容相关。3AA项中的do this指本空前一句中的find out which way the wind is blowing，涉及判断风向的一种方法。4GG项承上启下，其中前半句承接上段使风筝起飞的内容，后半句引起下文，即如何使风筝飞得更高。5BB项中的bring your kite down与下文wind up the string以及pull your kite in在意义上一致。