云南省普洱市景东县第一中学2019-2020学年高二英语上学期期中试题.doc

1、云南省普洱市景东县第一中学2019-2020学年高二英语上学期期中试题注意事项:1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。考试时间120分钟，满分150分。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 (共5小题;每小题15分，满分75分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题

2、中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1What did the woman borrow without asking?AA radio BA bike CSome records2What does the man suggest the woman do?AAvoid chocolate BTry the carrot soup CHave the chicken soup3What is the probable relationship between the speaker

3、s?AManager and employeeBSalesman and customerCDoctor and patient4What grade did the girl usually get before?ABBCCD5Where are the speakers?AAt a theaterBAt a partyCAt a park第二节(共15小题，每小题15分，满分225分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时

4、间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6When does Christina have music class?AOn TuesdaysBOn WednesdaysCOn Fridays7Why is Ben worried?AHe has a test next week BHe cant find a study group CHe cant figure out what will be tested听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8What is the good news for the students?AThey wont go to the gymBThey

5、wont get flu shotsCThey wont take a test9Who will take the students to the cafeteria?AThe teacher BThe headmaster CThe nurse听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10How does the woman know what to buy?AFrom the brides friends.BFrom a website CFrom the mans friend11Who bought the glass bowls?AErica and JohnBDan and WendyC

6、Shannon and Dave12How much will the speakers spend for the bride?A$50B$80C$100听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13Why does the man feel embarrassed?AHe is rudeBHe had a bad haircut CHe is the only man in a place for women14What is the main reason for the man to come downtown today?ATo receive a prizeBTo get a haircu

7、t CTo see a friend15Who usually does the womans hair?ABillBPerryCTina16Where does the man probably work?AIn a hat storeBIn a barbershopCIn a chemistry lab听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17What does a nod mean in Greece?A“Zero”B“OK”C“No”18What will probably make Arab business people angry?AWaving to themBBowing to

8、 themCSitting with legs crossed19Who use a lot of gestures during conversations?AThe FrenchBItaliansCAmericans20In which country is “looking someone in the eye” annoying?AJapanBAmericaCFinland第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AFounded in 1764 by French trader

9、s, St. Louis today is the fifteenth largest urban area in the United States. There are many attractive destinations for touristsAmerican Kennel Club Museum of the DogDog lovers who visit St. Louis wont want to miss this 14,000-square-foot museum. Inside are over 500 paintings，prints, watercolors，and

10、 a variety of other dog art objects.The Museum is open year round，Tuesday through Saturday 10 AM to 4 PM, and Sunday 1 PM to 5 PM. Admission is 5 for adults,2.5 for students, and 1 for children up to 14.Anheuser Busch BreweryThe Anheuser Busch Brewery tour is not just for beer loversThe tour include

11、s the historic Brew House. Then the tour continues to the modern Bevo Packaging Plant. The best will be the Budweiser Clydesdale stables. The tours are always freeGateway ArchDesigned by Eero Saarinen and Hannskarl Bandel, it took over two years and 900 tons of stainless steel to build. It is the ta

12、llest of the countrys National Monuments. The Arch is part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. About one million people per year come to the top of the Arch, where there is an observation platform providing a great view of the city.The St. Louis ZooFirst version of the St. Louis Zoo opened

13、 in 1904 at the St. Louis Worlds Fair, but in the century since it has grown into one of the chief zoos in the world. The passenger train takes visitors around the Zoo，which contains over 9,000 animals of over 800 species.The Zoo is open every day but Christmas and New Year，with summer hours of 8 AM

14、 to 7 PM，and hours the rest of the year of 9 AM to 5 PMAdmission to the Zoo is free21If you (a student) plan to visit the American Kennel Club Museum of the Dog with your parents and your fiveyearold brother, how much will you pay?A$8.5B$12C$13.5D$1622Which of the following can you visit if you are

15、interested in how to make beer?AAmerican Kennel Club Museum of the DogBAnheuser-Busch BreweryCStLouis ZooDGateway Arch23What can we know about the Gateway Arch from the passage?AIt was made of stonesBPresident Jefferson was buried thereCYou can see the city clearly on the top of the archDIt was buil

16、t in two years24At the St. Louis Zoo, you can visit all animals there_Aby train Bby bicycleCby bus Don footBThe first time Vanessa Didon saw a turtle, she was blown away. Though she was born and raised in the Seychelles, it wasnt until she started working for the local Marine Conservation Society th

17、at she witnessed her first nesting sea turtle.Every encounter is like my first one, Didion says. I go a little bit crazy and then I remember I need to measure the turtle, watch out for what she is doing.Four years ago, she left her job as a science and maths teacher to start a family. Along the way

18、she discovered an unexpected passion for marine（海洋的）conservation. In 1994 the government made it illegal to harm, or kill sea turtles, including their meat and their eggs. The penalty(处罚) is up to two years in prison and a fine of up to $37,000. But despite the strict laws, Didon says poaching is st

19、ill a major issue because of the countrys traditional appetite for turtle meat.During the nesting season, Didon and her colleagues can be seen walking on the beaches where they know turtles might come to nest. If there are no turtles on the beach, they look for tracks and the tell-tale signs that a

20、female has laid her eggs.If a nest is found, its precise location is recorded using GPS, to monitor its status until the turtle babies appear after a two-month hatch period.Despite no longer teaching in a classroom, Didon says a big part of her job is educating others about the difficulty of sea tur

21、tles and other local marine wildlife. During the off season, she visits schools and hotels to host awareness programs and presentations. I want future generations to be able to see all these lovely things that we have, like the wildlife, she says.25How did Didon feel at the first sight of the nestin

22、g sea turtle?AContent BAwkwardCSympathy DExcited26Why did Didon quit her job as a teacher?ATo explore the beach BTo build a familyCTo protect the endangered turtlesDTo join the Marine Conservation Society27What does Didon think of the future of the turtles and other marine wildlife?AIt is uncertainB

23、It is worryingCIt is promising DIt is changeableCWe Chinese people like the color of red. Our national flag is red. Girls like to wear red clothes when they get married. During the Spring Festival we hang up red lanterns（灯笼） to make us more excited. We welcome important guests with red carpet（地毯）. I

24、n a word, we believe red color can give us excitement and with excitement we feel happy and gay.But in Libya（利比亚）, everything is different. They like green more than any other colors. Their national flag is all green without any design of other colors. In the streets among the dark green trees you c

25、an see the light green buildings, with green cars and green trucks running about. Their names are also green, such as the Green Square, the Green Hospital, the Green Hotel, The Green Highland, and the Green School and so on. Over the buildings there is always the large portrait of their president Ga

26、ddafi also dressed in green. In the schools children wear green clothes and their teachers are in green dresses. Girls like to wear green clothes, as they are all eager to become soldiers.It is said this has something to do with their living environment. Most of the people in this country are Arabia

27、ns. They live in the desert and of course life is really precious there for them. So they look at the color of green as their real life. They would save some water from their mouths for the trees. The first day of September is their national day. Every year this day people from all walks of life（各行各

28、业） will gather in the Green Square. They wear green clothes with the green flags in the lead walking in the green streets. It is really magnificent(壮观) to watch this.28The Libyan people like the color of green because they Avalue life Blive in the desert Clove their country Dwant to work harder29How

29、 many stars are there in their national flag?AOne BTwo CThreeDNone30Which is NOT true according to the passage?AGaddafi was a president BThe Libyan people enjoy greenCIn Libya people like all colorsDEvery year people from all walks of life gather in the Green Square at least once 31We Chinese like t

30、he color of red because we think it can _Amake us healthy Bmake us wealthyCmake us surprised Dmake us excited and happyRobots writing newspapersWhether its robots working as hotel receptionists (接待员) or artificial intelligence (人工智能) creating poetry, its becoming more and more common to read about t

31、echnology doing the jobs of humans.And now, it seems that software is even capable of writing news stories such as the very one youre reading.BBC News recently reported that the Press Association (PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program thats capable of creating articles that are almo

32、st impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called “robo-journalism” by BBC News, such software “teaches” itself by analyzing thousands of news stories written by humans. The PAs software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by

33、 it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to release interesting information quickly, from election results to official figures on social issues.For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf

34、.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf “wrote” over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media posts.So what does this mean for regular journalists?“Were naturally wary about any technology that could replace human beings,” Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wire

35、d. “But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do.”Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is designed to help humans, rather than take away their jobs. “In the future, Heliograf could do things like search the web to see what people are tal

36、king about, check The Washington Post to see if that story is being covered, and, if not, alert (提醒) editors or just write the piece itself, ” Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard Universitys Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is undoubtedly going t

37、o become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity (创造).“Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft (技艺) that has developed over decades,” he told BBC News. “The really difficult part of what professional journalists do carefully weigh

38、ing information and presenting balanced, contextualized (全景式的) stories will be very hard for machines to master.”32What message does Heliograf convey about robo-journalism software?AIt can help and cooperate with human journalistsBIt has played a major role in news reportingCIt can create news repor

39、ts in a style better than that of humansDIt is a threat to regular journalists and their careers33The underlined word “wary” has the closest meaning to _Aguilty BannoyedCcautious Dconfident 34What does Joshua Benton think the future of human journalists is?AThey will be replaced by robots in the nea

40、r futureBThey will need to be more professional in information input and outputCThey will need to focus more on their creativity in writingDThey will have to learn news reporting from robots35What is the article mainly about?ADescribing the first robo-journalism softwareBA comparison of news reports

41、 written by humans and robotsCA prediction of what will happen with robo-journalism in the futureDThe introduction of robo-journalism and its strengths and weaknesses第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Be Healthy and HappyWe all want to be healthy, happy, free of str

42、ess and more productive in life.1Get enough sleep.It not only keeps you healthy but also you will be happier. It is said that “Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” 36 2Drink plenty of water. 37 The benefits of water are amazing. Water helps keep your skin clear, leavin

43、g you feeling happier and better about your body.Water is just simply an amazing source in itself for your overall health. Try to drink 8 glasses a day. 3Smile and laugh.Dont get sad over small problems or take any joke seriously which hurts you. Instead, if you feel so hurt, you prefer to stay away

44、 from that friend. 38 Respect your friend from a good perspective. Smile and laugh all the time and you will be happy.4 39 Help your mom do the dishes, help out your dad in the kitchen, clean your room, or do anything that could help your family. It will not only make them love you more, but you wil

45、l feel happy knowing you have done good even if you moved out twenty years ago and are a father yourself.5Have goals.Always believe you can achieve. If you can dream it, you can achieve it, no matter what. 40 Organization plays a very important role in achieving goals, so organize yourself.AHelp out

46、 your familyBSo make sure you go to sleep earlierCDont get in touch with him/herDWater is good for everything in your bodyEOf course keep goals and dreams realisticFHowever, dont show him that you dont like himGThe majority of our body is made up of water第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题：每小题15分，满分30分）

47、阅读下面短文，从短文后题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It 41 our happiness when we are cheerful, and lessens our 42 when we are sad. A good book may absorb our attention so 43 that for the time being we forget our 44 .Whatever may be our main purpose

48、in reading, good books should never fail to give us 45 . With a good book in our hands we will never be 46 . Whether the characters in the book are taken from real life or are purely 47 , they may become our companions and make us laugh. The people we meet in books may 48 us either because they are

49、similar to our close friends or because they present 49 types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes 50 us, but the friends we make in books will always respect us. By turning the pages we can 51 them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When our human f

50、riends 52 us, good books are always there to give us sympathy and encouragement.One of the most valuable gifts from books is 53 . Few of us can travel far from home, 54 all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of book. When we wish to 55 from the dull realities of everyday life, a book will

51、 help us when 56 else can. To travel by book we dont have to 57 and save a lot of money. Through books we may get the thrill of adventure without 58 . We can climb high mountains or cross the hot sands of the desert. 59 , through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The 60 of our literary e

52、xperiences are almost unlimited.41Aachieves Bthreatens Creduces DIncreases42AdutiesBchances Csorrows Ddiseases43AcompletelyBnaturally Cfrequently Ddesperately44Aperformances Bsurroundings Cprejudices Dresponsibilities45Aagreement Btreatment Cenjoyment Djudgement46Aguilty Blazy Ctired Dlonely47Aimagi

53、nary Baverage Ctypical Dfortunate48Agreet BdelightCworry Dshock 49AunfamiliarBunpractical Cuncertain Dunnecessary50Acatch sight ofBtake care of Cmake fun of Dpay attention to51Aorder BignoreCbelieve Dcontrol52Achallenge BpersuadeCunderstand Dabandon 53Aexperience Bknowledge Cpleasure Dsuccess54Aso B

54、or Cif Dbut 55Areturn Brecover Cescape Dgraduate56Anothing BanythingCeverything Dsomething57AstopBpay Cguess Drace58Areason Bevidence CinstructionDdanger 59AHowever BTherefore CAnyway DOtherwise60Apurposes Bpossibilities Cdirections Dsuggestions第二节（共10小题：每小题15分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

55、There are over 2,000 different kinds of tea in the world. Tea can 61 (divide) into six types: green tea, black tea, white tea, oolong tea, yellow tea and dark tea.A kind of tea that has 62 (recent) grown in popularity worldwide is green tea. There are several reasons why green tea has become popular

56、. One of the reasons is that it has 63 (little) caffeine(咖啡因) than black tea and has a nicer flavor.China was the first country 64 (drink) green tea more than 4,000 years ago and it still enjoys popularity there today. There are many different kinds of green tea in China. The most famous Chinese tea

57、, 65 (call) Longjing tea, comes from Zhejiang Province. Fujian Province is also famous 66 growing tea.People have believed for 67 long time that green tea has positive effects on our health. Scientists have studied green teas effects on weight loss, cancer and heart disease. The 68 (result) of these

58、 studies have shown that green tea might treat or prevent these diseases. 69 you believe that it can cure your diseases or not, green tea is popular and 70 (continue) to be popular in the future.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉

59、及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者 (从第11处起) 不计分。Volunteering has a positive effect in our community. It is greatly benefit to us in several ways. First of all, volunteering can let us to learn more about society and

60、gain valuable experience. Secondly, volunteering provides us with a good opportunity to put what we had learned to good use. I hope more and more students will active join the volunteer club of our school. Lets care for the old and disabled people around us by offer a helping hand. Lets clean the pa

61、rks near their home. Lets go to nursing homes to bring love to people which are in need. Remember, we can make difference to society if we are willing to help others. So lets take actions.第二节书面表达(满分25分)假如你是李华,是一位高中生。随着科技的发展,iPad已经成为中学生的新宠。用iPad既可以听音乐,阅读电子文书,又可以玩电子游戏。请你用英语给某英语报社写一封信,谈谈中学生使用iPad的情况。信的

62、内容必须包括以下几点:1使用iPad对学习的好处；2对课堂纪律和学习可能产生的负面影响；3提出自己的建议并说明理由。注意:1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；3开头已经给出,不计入总数。Dear Editor,Im a senior high school student named Li Hua. Now many students have iPads and think its a fashion to use them Yours sincerely,Li Hua英语参考答案一、听力（每小题1.5分，共30分）1-5 BBACA 6-10 BCCAB 11-15 ABB

63、AC 16-20 CCABA二、阅读（每小题2分，满分40分）21-24 CBCA25-27 DBB28-31 ADCD32-35 ACCD36-40 BDFAE三、语言知识运用（每小题1.5分，满分45分） 第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）41-45 DCABC 46-50 DABAC 51-55 BDADC 56-60 ABDCB第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）61be divided62recently63less64to drink65called66for67a68results69Whether70will continue四、写作（满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题

64、：每小题1分，满分10分）Volunteering has a positive effect our community It is greatly to us in several ways First of all, volunteering can let us to learn more about society and gain valuable experience Secondly, volunteering provides us with a good opportunity to put what we learned to good use I hope more a

65、nd more students will join the volunteer club of our school Lets care for the old and disabled people around us by a helping hand Lets clean the parks near home Lets go to nursing homes to bring love to people are in need Remember, we can make difference to society if we are willing to help others S

66、o lets take 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）参考范文：Dear Editor,Im a senior high school student named Li Hua. Now many students have iPads and think its a fashion to use them. Using an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read e-books on the screen. Obviously, its helpful to our study,

67、 especially to our English listening.Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom and listen to music without earphones, which makes the teacher and other students greatly annoyed. Some of them even waste precious time in class playing video games.In my opinion, as students, we should

68、make good use of iPads to help achieve academic success. The classroom is a place for students to study, and therefore, concentration is greatly needed for us to learn our lessons. Furthermore, the school should make a rule to guide the students to use iPads in a proper way.Yours sincerely,Li Hua英语听

69、力原文Text 1M: That radios pretty loud. Could you turn it down, please?W: Sorry. Was I disturbing you?M: Yes. And another thing, please dont borrow my bike without asking.(1)Text 2M: We have a daily special: carrot soup, a chicken sandwich, and chocolate cake. You definitely shouldnt miss the carrot so

70、up. (2)W: My doctor advised me to avoid chocolate. I would like the chicken sandwich, though.Text 3M: Can you come in early tomorrow? Sherry is sick, and I dont have anyone else in the sales department that can cover for her on the schedule. (3).W: No problem, Mr. Johnson. Let me just cancel my doct

71、ors appointment.注：cover for:代替(某人工作)Text 4M: I see youve raised your math grade to a C. You still have a lot of work to do. W: Thanks. My tutor thinks I can get a B next time. I promise I wont get any more Ds, Dad. (4)Text 5W: I think we are sitting too close to the screen. (5) My neck is starting t

72、o hurt.M: I know. If we got here earlier, we probably could have found seats higher up.Text 6M: Im so happy today! I love Tuesdays because I have art class. Whats your favorite subject, Christina? (6)W: Thats easy! Music! (6)M: So, youll be happy tomorrow, I guess. (6)I like music, too. Have you see

73、n The Piano Guys? I think theyre great.W: Theyre OK, Ben, but I like music I can dance to. Hey, have you read Chapter 2 of our textbook for history class? (7)M: I tried, but I cant imagine what will be on the test this Friday. Im worried. (7)W: Lets get a study group together before Friday. I think

74、we can learn the material if we do it as a team.Text 7M: Good morning, Leah. I have some good news and some bad news. Which would you like to hear first?W: Good news!M: The good news is that there is no test today. (8)The bad news is that all the Grade Eight students are getting their flu shots toda

75、y.W: No! I hate needles. Im nervous. I dont want to go.M: Dont be foolish. I promise you wont feel a thing.W: When do we have to go?M: First, the school head teacher will make an announcement. Then the gym teacher will take us to the cafeteria. (9)W: Every time I get a shot, it makes me feel funny.

76、I lose my balance, and I have to sit down.M: The teachers said that might happen. If it does, just sit down and drink some orange juice.注：flu shots:流感预防针not feel a thing:丝毫没感觉Text 8W: My friend Susie has invited me to her wedding, and I have no idea what to get her.M: Have you spoken to the bride or

77、 any of her friends about what she wants?W: No. I thought it might not be polite to ask. But she did give me a website address I could go to if I had any questions. (10)Here it is.M: OK, I see. She has a wedding register. It is basically a list of things she wants.W: Thats convenient. It looks like

78、Shannon and Dave have got her the wine glass set. $200! I dont have that much money!M: They are probably really good friends, and there are two of them. $50 is a good amount to spend for the regular guest, or $100 for two people.W: Lets see.Erica and John got her the glass bowls, (11) and Dan and We

79、ndy got her plates. There is an electric frying-pan here, but its $80. Just too expensive for me. (12)M: Dont worry! I could go with you. (12)W: Problem solved!Text 9W: Glenn! Hey, please take off that hat. Its not polite to wear it in here.M: I have to wear it, Sandy. I got an awful haircut yesterd

80、ay. (13)W: Oh, please. This is a ceremony! Youre about to get an award! (14)Youll embarrass yourself by being the only person who wont take off his hat.M: You dont understand. Without this hat, Id look very ridiculous. Were downtown. Tons of people wear hats.W: Who did your cut? Did you go to Bill?M

81、: Hes on vacation with his friend Tim. I saw the other barber, Perry.W: Oh, the guy with red hair. Have you been to him before?M: It was my first time, and will definitely be my last.W: You could go where I go. This lady Tina does my hair. (15)Shes fantastic. She could probably fix your cut if its r

82、eally as bad as you say it is.M: Thanks, but Id feel uncomfortable. It would be kind of strange to be the only man in a place for women.W: Dont be silly! Here you are being honored for your work in chemistry and youre worrying about being around women for a haircut. (16)Text 10Body language, especia

83、lly gestures, is different among cultures. For example, a nod of the head means yes to most of us. But in Bulgaria and Greece, a nod means no and a shake of the head means yes. (17) The sign for OK made by forming a circle with the forefinger and thumb means zero in France and money in Japan. Waving

84、 or pointing to an Arab business person would be considered rude because that is how Arabs call their dogs over. (18) Folded arms indicate pride in Finland, but disrespect in Fiji. The number of bows that the Japanese exchange on greeting each other, as well as the length and the depth of the bows,

85、signals the social status each party feels towards each other. Italians might think youre bored unless you use a lot of gestures during discussions. (19) Many American men sit with their legs crossed with one ankle resting over the opposite knee. However, this would be considered very rude in Muslim countries. Americans consider eye contact very important, and they often do not trust people who are afraid to look you in the eye. But in Japan and many Latin American countries, keeping the eyes lowered is a sign of respect. To look someone in the eye is often felt to be annoying. (20)