2019-2020学年人教版英语选修九新素养同步讲义：UNIT 1 BREAKING RECORDS 3　UNIT 1　SECTION Ⅲ　LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE .doc

1、Section Learning about Language & Using Languagesacred adj.宗教的；庄严的；神圣的 conception n.主意；计划champion n.冠军；优胜者politician n.政客；政治家courageous adj.勇敢的；有胆量的attain vt.达到；获得economics n.经济学therefore adv.因此；所以wisdom n.智慧receptionist n.接待员；招待员appreciate vt.感激；欣赏；理解；鉴赏12amateur n.业余爱好者13entire adj.全部的；完整的14accoun

2、tant n.会计15salary n.薪水focus on集中精力于compete in参加比赛concentrate on专心于retire from从退休make a living谋生bid for投标；竞价in itself就其本质而言；本身win the gold medal赢得金牌 Read the text quickly and then choose the best answer according to the text.Which of the following orders is true about what Michellie Jones did accordi

3、ng to the passage?Aestablishment of the triathloncompleting teaching qualificationbeginning to concentrate on triathlonwinning the silver medalBestablishment of the triathlonbeginning to concentrate on triathloncompleting teaching qualificationwinning the silver medalCestablishment of the triathlonc

4、ompleting teaching qualificationwinning the silver medalbeginning to concentrate on triathlonDcompleting teaching qualificationestablishment of the triathlonbeginning to concentrate on triathlonwinning the silver medalWhat did Fu Mingxia learn after her retirement from diving after Atlanta?ASwimming

5、.BPolitics.CEconomics.DTriathlon.Who practiced playing the guitar before becoming a professional marathon swimmer?AFu Mingxia.BMartin Strel.CMichellie Jones.DLance Armstrong.答案：13.ACB Read the passage carefully and tell the following statements True (T) or False (F)It was in 1988 and in America that

6、 Michellie Jones helped establish the triathlon.( )Fu Mingxia was the first woman in Olympic diving history to win three gold medals.( )In 2001，Martin Strel became the first person ever to swim the entire length of the Danube River in Europe.( )答案：13.FTF .about their schools bid to break a Guinness

7、record.关于他们学校打破吉尼斯纪录的尝试。Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall.有几家公司投标争取建造新音乐厅的合同。She bid $500 for the painting.她出价500美元买这幅画。He failed in his bid to reach the summit.他攀登顶峰但没有成功。自我探究bid是动词，意为出价，投标；吩咐；命令；bid sb.(to) do sth.意为命令某人做某事；bid some money for sth.出价买某物；bid也可以是名词

8、，意为出价，投标；努力，争取。make a bid of出价make a bid for出价买；争取make a bid for power/popular support争取权利/大众的支持He was an amateur cyclist before the 1992 Olympic Games but turned professional after he had competed in the Games.在1992年奥运会之前他是个业余自行车运动员，但在参加完奥运会之后就成为专业的了。She turned pale.她的脸变白了。The weather suddenly turn

9、ed cold and windy.天气突然变得寒冷而多风。He turned communist.他成了一名共产主义者。She has turned teacher.她成了一名老师。自我探究turn意为变得，变成，后面可以跟形容词组成系表结构，也可以跟名词作表语，但是，如果是单数名词作表语，名词前不加冠词。turn over翻身；移交turn on打开(水、电、煤气、电器)turn off关上(水、电、煤气、电器)turn up调大/高(水、电器)；前来，露面turn down调小(水、电器)；拒绝(提议)turn away拒绝(某人)；打发走turn out(to be)最后结果是，最终t

10、urn inhand in上交turn to sb.转向；向求助turn against反对turn into转变成，把变成 巧学活用用turn的相关词语完成下面小片段The party was almost over，but Jane still didnt (1)_Tom was very disappointed.He didnt know why Jane didnt (2)_his invitation if she didnt want to come.He (3)_the bottles on the tables，and the rest guests left the hal

11、l in shock.Tom (4)_all the lights in the hall，(5)_the hall_a world of darkness.No one could imagine how upset he was!答案：(1)turn up(2)turn down(3)turned over(4)turned off(5)turning；into In 2000，he was the first person ever to swim the entire length of the Danube River in Europea distance of 3，004 kil

12、ometres in 58 days.在2000年，他是第一位游过欧洲多瑙河全程的人58天游过了3 004千米。She spent the entire day in bed.她一整天都躺在床上。I am in entire agreement with you.我完全同意你的看法。自我探究entire是形容词，意为完整的，全部的，完全的，其副词形式是entirely。单词意义区别entire指事物没有被分割或破坏等；强调事物的完整性和保持原样whole作形容词时，可以与entire互换total主要指数量或程度上是“完整的，全部的”I want an entire apple.我想要一个完整

13、的苹果。Please tell me the whole thing.请告诉我整件事情。He has paid off his total debts.他还清了全部的债务。 Group words that come from the same root，eg appreciate，appreciation，appreciative.来自同一词根的一组词，例如：appreciate，appreciation和appreciative。The passengers appreciated my warmhearted service，which greatly inspired me.乘客感激我

14、热情的服务，这极大地鼓励了我。Successfully，I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class，which has been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.在班级的几次英语活动中我成功地帮助了她，这受到师生的赞赏。自我探究appreciate是及物动词，意为鉴赏；感激；欣赏，其名词是appreciation，意为感激，欣赏；appreciate后面可以跟动名词作宾语或that从句，如：appreciate doing s

15、th./that从句(但是不能跟不定式作宾语)。Id appreciate your writing me back as soon as possible.你尽早回信我将感激不尽。当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时， 一般先加it, 再接宾语从句。巧学活用一句多译如果你能不辞辛苦地为我做那么多事情我将感激不尽。(1)_ you could take the trouble to do so much for me.(2)_ you could take the trouble to do so muc

16、h for me.答案：(1)I would appreciate it if(2)I would be grateful if Since then，she has never finished lower than fourth in any of the world championships she has competed in.从那以后，在她所参赛的任何一次世界锦标赛中，她从来没有得过低于第四名的成绩。Since we have no money，we cant buy it.因为没有钱，我们不能买它。Since everybody is here，lets begin our m

17、eeting.既然大家都在这里，我们开会吧。My uncle left the town in 1980 and I havent seen him since.我叔叔在1980年离开了这个城镇，我从此以后就没有见过他。Where have you been since I last saw you?自从我上次见到你之后，你去哪了？自我探究since是连词，当引导原因状语从句时，意为既然；当引导时间状语从句时，意为自从，主句用现在完成时时态。since conj.& adv.(1)表示“由于，因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句，一般置于句首相当于now that。(2)表示“自从以后，自以来”，可

18、用作连词、介词，副词，用来表示时间，其所在的句子的中心动词用现在完成时。(3)since引导时间状语从句时，若动词为非延续性动词，句子可译为：自以来有多长时间了；若从句的动词为延续性动词时，句子可译为：没做某事有多长时间了。Its two years since I smoked.我戒烟两年了。Its two years since I began to smoke.自从我开始抽烟有两年了。单词意义区别because引导的从句通常表示说话人认为听话人不知道的原因或理由，从句往往是整个主从复合句的重心。所以在所有表示原因的词中是语气最强的since，assince和as表示原因时，往往表示人们显

19、然已经知道的理由或原因。因此，侧重点是主句的内容，原因只是附带说明，在语气上because最强，since次之(在意义上相当于汉语的“既然”)，as最弱for它表示的原因只是附加说明，所以常用逗号与主句分开。另外，for引导的原因状语从句不能放在句首He was annoyed because he missed the bus.他非常生气因为他错过了那班公交车。Since his method doesnt work，lets try yours.既然他的方法不行，那就试试你的吧。As you object，Ill reconsider the plan.既然你反对，我将重新考虑这个计划。I

20、 recommend seeing the latest film，for it is very exciting and interesting.我建议看最新的电影，因为它很有趣又令人兴奋。 At the Sydney Olympics in 2000 she won the silver medal in the Womens Triathlon，the first time the event had been included in the Olympic Games.在2000年悉尼奥运会上，她在女子三项全能比赛中获得银牌，那是该项比赛首次成为奥运会的比赛项目。It is the f

21、irst time that I have seen such a wonderful film.这是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。It was the first time that I had seen the sea.那是我第一次见到大海。This is the first time that I have read an English novel.这是我第一次读英文小说。It is the third time that he has written such a good composition.这是他第三次写这么好的文章。自我探究the first time the event ha

22、d been included in.是省略句，全句为 it_was the first time that the event had been.。It/This is/was the first/second.time that sb.has(have)/had done sth.这是某人第一/二次做某事。此处主句的谓语动词要用现在完成时或过去完成时。巧学活用完成句子这是她第一次去北京。It is the first time_.答案：that she has been to Beijing课时作业2 单句语法填空1Its suggested that medicine should no

23、t be kept where it is _ (access) to children.答案：accessible2A man without a long head would regret _ he has done.答案：what3The plan was doomed _ failure.答案：to4She bade six hundred dollars _ the table last week.答案：for5The goods were damaged during transportation，and _we need to make a claim from the fre

24、ight company.答案：therefore6The _ (entirely)body of a zebra is marked with black and white stripes.答案：entire7They are seeking _ (attain) the most advanced technological levels in the world.答案：to attain8I would appreciate _ if you would turn the music down.答案：it9They are _(courage) animals.They do not

25、even fear to attack lions.答案：courageous10A _ (politics) must be able to withstand public criticism.答案：politician 阅读理解AIts cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable. Going for a run seems like such a bad idea. But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that

26、crazy idea a go.According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill(跑步机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate(调节) its core temperature. Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperat

27、uresand quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day. The heat and hu

28、midity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts you to your surroundings, making you feel alive.Of course, the threat of smog in some builtup areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise. Heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer and asthma are all danger

29、s of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems. If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust(废气), and go early in the morning, before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days a

30、nd waiting for the next clear day to run is best.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季户外跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾时进行户外活动。1How does cold weather benefit runners, compared with warm weather?AThey can run more slowly.BThey can take in more calories.CTheir hearts can function harder.DTheir body temp

31、erature can get lower.C解析： 细节理解题。由题干关键词“benefit”和“compared with warm weather”可将答案定位至第二段的最后一句“Similarly.makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.”可知，与温暖的天气相比，在寒冷的天气里户外跑步能使心脏更健康，故C项正确。2How does summer affect runners?AIt builds up their en

32、ergy quickly.BIt makes runners tired easily.CIt lessens runners stress.DIt causes heart attacks.B解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster”可知，夏季的炎热和湿气容易让跑步的人很快就感到疲劳，故B项正确。3What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days?AStop driving cars.BDo more

33、exercise.CAvoid outdoor exercise.DRun late in the morning.C解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.”可知，如果有雾霾，最好待在室内，等到天气晴朗时再跑步，故C项正确。4What can be the best title of the text?ARefresh with a Winter RunBTake Outdoor Exercise in SummerCGo

34、to Run in a ParkDFollow the Tips to Reduce StressA解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了冬季早晨户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾天气进行户外活动。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，故A项正确。BModern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat. Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many oth

35、er things. How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat. People eating alone eat least. People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home. People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more. Eating with overweight friends? Youll eat more. Is you

36、r waitress overweight? Youll eat more. A wide variety of food? Youll eat more.Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes. If people ate it off a paper plate, theyd say, “This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate, they would say, “This is the greatest cake Ive eaten in my entire life.”Yo

37、ur knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. You tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad. So Grandmas cookies always taste better than other cookies. “Good food” even has a “health halo(光环) effect”. If were eating something

38、 healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy. Due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories(卡路里) than the cheese cake alone. Thats perhaps also why eating organic(有机的) food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes

39、 you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behaviour.Food and hunger affect your judgment too. Hungry judges give more serious sentences. Kids who dont eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast. People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average pe

40、rson to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了哪些因素会导致人们吃得更多。5What is mentioned as a cause of overeating?ASuffering from great loneliness.BBeing served by a helpful waitress.CBeing treated to high quality food.DEating with many friends.D解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Peo

41、ple eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.” 可知，和许多朋友一起吃饭是吃得多的一个原因，故D项正确。6According to the passage, an annoying person may be one who_Afinds any excuse for eating moreBis crazy about the quality of platesCcompetes with others in making cookiesDteaches people to stick t

42、o moralityA解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第三段中的“Thats perhaps also.your immoral behaviour.” 可知，一个让人讨厌的人可能总会找到多吃的借口，故A项正确。7According to the passage, people are more likely to make a bad judgment when _Athey dont feel hungryBthey arent overweightCthey have low blood sugarDthey know little about foodC解析： 细节理解题。根据文

43、章最后一段的“People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.” 可知，低血糖的人比常人更难以集中注意力和控制自己的情绪，判断力会更差，故C项正确。8What would be the best title for the passage?AWhen Cant We Go on a Diet?BWhat Affects Eating?CHow to Make

44、 Good FoodDWhere to Find Safe FoodB解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段的第二句“Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.”， 结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍影响吃饭的因素，故B项最能概括文章大意。 七选五What is happiness? When you can feel inner peace and satisfaction, you are happy. 1._ This usually

45、happens when we do something we love or achieve something that we value. It is our opinions that make us feel happy or unhappy. All of us constantly go through various situations or conditions, but we do not have to let them influence our reactions and feelings. 2._Try hard to make a change of the w

46、ay you look at things. 3._ That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation. Pay attention to solutions, not problems. Listen to relaxing and uplifting music. Watch funny and interesting programs that make you laugh.Always look at what you have done and not at what you havent done

47、. Look at what you can do, not at what you cannot do. Each day do at least one act to make others happy. When you make someone happy, youll become happy, and then people will try to make you happy. 4._ On the contrary, be happy for their happiness. Communicate with happy people and try to learn from

48、 them to be happy. Remember, do your best to stay detached(冷静的) when things do not occur as intended and desired. Detachment has much to do with inner peace. 5._AIve never regretted it.BAlways look at the bright side.CDo not envy people who are happy.DStop asking for everyones approval.EInner peace

49、can lead to happiness, so smile more often.FHere are a few tips for increasing happiness in daily life.GIt is usually experienced at a special moment.【解题导语】本文就如何提高幸福感提出了几条建议。1G解析： 由空后一句可知，幸福感总是在我们做我们喜欢做的事情或者得到我们重视的东西时出现；据此可知，G项“在特定的时刻通常会体验到幸福感”引出下文，故G项正确。2F解析： 根据下文内容可知，下面两段阐述的是提高幸福感的建议，所以选F项，F项起承上启下

50、的作用。3B解析： 根据空后一句“That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation.”可知，选B项，要看到事物光明的一面。4C解析： 根据空后一句“On the contrary, be happy for their happiness.”可知，空处的意思与“be happy for their happiness”相反，故空处选C项“不要嫉妒幸福的人”。5E解析： 根据空前一句“Detachment has much to do with inner peace.”可知，冷静地面对事情和内心的平静有很大关系，据此可以判断，空处阐述的是内心的平静和幸福的关系，故E项正确。