2019-2020学年北师大英语必修四新素养同步讲义：UNIT 12 CULTURE SHOCK SECTION Ⅴ　GRAMMAR .doc

1、Section Grammar & Writing不定式和动名词作宾语的用法&现在分词单句语法填空1No matter how hard it is , I will manage _(finish) the task.答案：to finish2_ (live ) in this city for a long time , he has known it well.答案：Having lived3When I entered the room , I found him _(read) a new novel.答案：reading4The foreigners _ (stand) there

2、 are some of my classmates.答案：standing5. _ (expose) to the sun is bad for your skin.答案：Being exposed不定式和动名词作宾语的用法用动名词还是不定式作宾语，主要分为以下六种情况：1只可使用动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy，miss，practise，suggest，consider，appreciate，avoid，mind，imagine，finish，admit，deny，delay，risk等。只跟动名词的短语有feel like，stick to，devote to，pay attention

3、 to，be busy，cant help，it is no use，be used to(习惯于)，look forward to，cant stand等。Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?你是竭力不惹她生气吗？He admitted taking my money.他承认拿走了我的钱。He is used to walking to his office every day.他已经习惯了每天走着去上班。2只可使用不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意)；offer(提出)；intend/plan(打算，计划)；demand/ask(要求)；pro

4、mise(答应)；help(帮忙)；prepare(准备)；decide(决定)；refuse(拒绝)；choose(选择)；wish/hope/want/expect(希望，想要)；fail(不能)；pretend(假装)；manage(设法)；determine(决心)；beg(恳求，祈求)；arrange(安排，准备)；claim(声称)；aim(以为目标)；hesitate(犹豫不决)；threaten(威胁)等动词后通常只接不定式作宾语。They managed to finish the work on time.他们设法按时完成了工作。He failed to paste the

5、 poster on the wall.他没能把海报贴到墙上。口诀巧记仅接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)：同意提出作计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。恳求安排买得起，声称目标不犹豫。3既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语的动词有start，begin，continue，like，love，hate等，意思基本没有区别。love，like和hate接动名词表示长久的、规律性的好恶，接不定式表示一时的、个别性的好恶。They began throwing/to throw furniture out of the window.他们开始把家具扔到窗子外面

6、去。Do you like playing/to play chess?你喜欢下棋吗？4以下动词既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语，但意思有区别。动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得过去发生的事情记得将来要做的事情try试着去做、尝试改变努力去做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着企图(打算)做某事go on继续做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接着做另一件forget忘记以前曾做过某事忘记将要去做某事stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事，去做别的事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮着做某事Ill remember to post your lette

7、r.我会记着把你的信寄走的。I dont remember saying this to him before.我不记得以前跟他说过这件事。I forgot to tell him to come.我忘记叫他来了。Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。5allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后面可接动名词作宾语，但有名词或代词作宾语时，则接不定式作宾语补足语。allow(advise，forbid，permit，encourage)doing sth./sb.to do sth.。He

8、advised going home earlier.他建议早点回家。He advised us to go home earlier.他建议我们早点回家。6动词need，require，want表示主语需要(被做某种处理)时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The room needs/wants/requires这个房间需要打扫了。The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy这个地方值得参观一下。现在分词一、现在分词的

9、构成形式形式主动被动用法意义一般式doingbeing done指分词的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生表示主动或进行，或既表主动又表进行完成式having donehaving beendone指分词的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前The question being discussed is of great importance.正在被讨论的问题非常重要。Having been given such a good chance，how could she let it slip away?既然得到了这么好的机会，她怎么能让它溜走呢？Not having been clean

10、ed for years，the windows looked very dirty.由于多年没有擦过，窗户看上去很脏。现在分词的否定式是在v.ing前面加not：not doing；not being done；not having done；not having been done。二、现在分词的句法功能1现在分词作状语现在分词或现在分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的现在分词短语有时可由连词while或when引导。Hearing the news，they got excited.(时间)听到这个消息，他们很激动。Having be

11、en bitten by a snake，she was frightened at it.(原因)因为曾被蛇咬过，所以她很怕蛇。The cup dropped to the ground，breaking into pieces.(结果)杯子掉到地上，摔成了碎片。形式意义v.ing (doing)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且分词表示的动作与句中谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生havingv.ed(having done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，并且分词表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作而发生having beenv.ed (having been done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的

12、动宾关系，且分词表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作而发生Taking(If you take)the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood.(条件)如果你沿着通向郊外的路前进，就会走到一片密林处。Having failed(Although he had failed)many times，he didnt lose heart.(让步)虽然屡次失败，但他没有灰心丧气。I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.(伴随)我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。2现在分词作定语现在

13、分词作定语表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。the girl standing over there(the girl who is standing over there)那边站着的那个女孩(现在分词作定语)a sleeping boy(a boy who is sleeping)在睡觉的男孩(现在分词作定语)现在分词作定语的差异：现在分词在句中作定语时，不仅存在前置与后置的区别，而且存在状态与时间上的差异。(1)状态差异一般说来，前置的现在分词静感强，而后置的现在分词动感强。能前置的现在分词大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词。常见的有ex

14、citing，interesting，surprising，puzzling，frightening，amusing等。The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School.沿着街跑步的学生来自于第三中学。He brought us surprising news.他给我们带来了惊人的消息。(2)时间差异有些现在分词作定语时表示正在进行的动作，这些分词改为定语从句时宜用进行时态。Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.Tell the boys w

15、ho are playing over there not to make any noise.告诉那些在那儿玩的男孩别制造噪声。有些现在分词作定语时，则表示经常性的动作或现在或当时的状态。此类现在分词改为定语从句时宜用一般现在时态，而不用进行时态，这一点可以从汉语上体现出来。The temple standing on the top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.The temple which stands on the top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.山顶上的那座寺庙建于明

16、朝。3现在分词作表语作表语的现在分词往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的某种性质。The match was so exciting that all the boys cheered both teams at the top of their voice.比赛激动人心，所有的男孩子都扯着嗓门为双方队员欢呼加油。The teachers words were greatly inspiring whenever I met with difficulties.不论我什么时候遇到困难，老师的话都极具感召力。4现在分词作宾语补足语在感官动词(see，hear，watch，feel，notice，ob

17、serve，keep，find，listen to，look at等)和使役动词(have，get，leave，set等)的宾语后面经常使用现在分词作宾语补足语。宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。I saw him playing basketball just now.我刚刚还看见他在打篮球呢。Dont have the students studying all day.不要让学生整天学习。leave后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave保留了原来之意“留下”，但表达的确切之意应是“使处于某种状态”。leaveHe left，leaving me

18、 doing all the rest work.他走了，留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。We hurriedly ended our meeting，leaving many problems unsettled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题未解决。Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。三、现在分词的独立结构现在分词可有其独立的逻辑主语，这个主语常常是名词或代词，置于现在分词之前，两者构成分词的独立结构。现在分词的独立结构常作状语，置于句首或句末，偶尔也置于句中。The bell ringing，th

19、e children all stopped talking.铃声一响，孩子们都不说话了。The river having risen in the night，the crossing was impossible.夜里河水上涨，渡河是不可能了。Weather permitting，well have an outing tomorrow.要是天气许可的话，我们明天就去郊游。Li Ming came in，his hand carrying a book.李明手里拿着本书进来了。 单句语法填空1 I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _

20、(work) with students.答案：working2 The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _(make)air conditioning unnecessary.答案：making3 _(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.答案：Wondering4 Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, _(turn)t

21、he old town into a dreamland.答案：turning5 _(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 答案：Having worked6 At college, Barack Obama didnt know that he _(become) the first black president of the United States of America.答案：was to become7 When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled i

22、n an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground，_(wonder) whether to stay or leave.答案：wondering8 The park was full of people, _(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.答案：enjoying9Remember _(put) back the newspaper when you have finished reading it.答案：to put10A student will be punished if he or she

23、is caught _(cheat) in the exam.答案：cheating 单句改错1There is an old temple dated from 2000 BC on the top of the mountain._答案：dateddating2European football is played in 80 countries，made it the most popular sport in the world._答案：mademaking3Having washed the clothes，she begins to do some cooking._答案：begi

24、nsbegan4The girl interviewed now is the managers daughter._答案：girl后加being5The old house is broken and it needs mended now._答案：mendedmending 语法与写作1他好像是在尽量避免再见到我。It seems that he is trying to _答案：avoid meeting me again2完成了全部工作，他高兴地回家了。_， he went home happily.答案：Having finished all the work3他醒来时，发现一些人围

25、着他。When he woke up, he found _.答案：some people surrounding him4看！公园里有很多人在欣赏景色。Look ！There are many people _in the park.答案：enjoying the scene5试了很多次，最后他还是没能实现目标。Having tried many times, he _ in the end.答案：failed to reach his goal如何写建议信 文体感知建议信属于应用文，是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告，一般让对方接受自己的想法、主张并解决有关问题。下面我们简单介绍一下建议

26、信的格式和写法。一、信件的基本格式1信头： 写信人的姓名和地址要写在右上角，收信人的姓名和地址要写在左上角。2称呼：即对收信人的称呼，一般用Dear/My dear.3正文：即信件的主要内容。4信尾客套语：写信人在信的右/左下角，写上表示自己对收信人的礼貌客气的谦称，一般有Sincerely yours, Yours truly, Yours等。5信尾签名：在信末写上写信人的姓名，如：Li Hua。二、建议信的特点1简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。2明确写作意图，简要陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。写作技巧：先肯定对方的优点，然后再就需要改进的地方或者针对具体情况提出善意的建议。3总

27、结建议。对自己提出的所有建议，简要地作个小结。 常用句式Im writing to express my idea concerning.Im writing to ask you to consider.I think it would do great good if you could.I would like you to consider the following suggestions.I hope you will take my advice into account.Thank you for reading my letter.Im looking forward to.

28、 写作要求假设你叫李华，得知你校要建设娱乐休闲中心，正在征求同学们的意见，请你根据以下要点给校长写一封100词左右的建议信。信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。1娱乐休闲中心应该包括乒乓球室和羽毛球室。2最好在学生的课余时间开放。3尽量不要收费。4Dear Mr. President, Its come to my attention that our school is going to build a new leisure centre. Im writing to ask you to consider the following suggestions._Yours sincere

29、ly，Li Hua 审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题提建议时态一般现在时态和一般将来时态人称第一人称为主 词句推敲1词汇新的休闲中心_下列建议_很有好处_在某人空余时间_充分利用_答案：a new leisure centrethe following suggestionsdo great goodin ones spare timemake good/full use of2句式首先，我建议，应该有乒乓球室和羽毛球室。一般表达：First, Id like to suggest that there should be a tabletennis room and a badminton r

30、oom.高级表达：(用as well as改写)_其次，可以在我们的课余时间开放吗？如果可以，我们将有足够的时间来充分利用。一般表达：Second, could the centre open in our spare time? If it could open in our spare time, we will have enough time to make full use of it.高级表达：(用if so改写)_我们都知道，不是每个学生都付得起额外的费用。一般表达：We all know that not every student can afford that extra

31、expense.高级表达：(用as引导的定语从句改写)_答案：First, Id like to suggest that there should be a table tennis room as well as a badminton room.Second, could the centre open in our spare time? If so, we will have enough time to make full use of it.As we all know, not every student can afford that extra expense. 妙笔成篇_

32、One possible version：Dear_Mr._President，Its come to my attention that our school is going to build a new leisure centre. Im writing to ask you to consider the following suggestions.First, Id like to suggest that there should be a tabletennis room as well as a badminton room. I think it would do grea

33、t good to those students who are interested in playing table tennis or badminton.Second, could the centre open in our spare time? If so, we will have enough time to make full use of it. Third, we will be more than happy if the centre is free. As we all know, not every student can afford that extra e

34、xpense.Thank you for reading my letter. I hope you will consider my suggestions. If the centre is built, it will greatly enhance students life here on campus.Yours_sincerely，Li_HuaA卷学生用书P141(单独成册) 单句语法填空1This winter the weather of the south is quite _(disappoint)答案：disappointing2The car _(repair) in

35、 the garage was made in Germany thirty years ago.答案：being repaired3Mary was often heard _(sing) in the next room.答案：singing4Not _(know) her address, I cant visit her personally.答案：knowing5_(see) the film before, Ill stay at home to do some reading.答案：Having seen6The building _(face) east is our biol

36、ogy laboratory.答案：facing7Their homework _(finish), the boys went out to play football.答案：(having been) finished8With the teachers _(help) them，the students are getting along very well with their lessons.答案：helping9The old lady was seated on the bench in the park, her pet dog _(run) around her happil

37、y.答案：running10She went back home, and dropped herself on the couch，_(feel) depressed about her failure in business.答案：feeling 阅读理解AWhen you leave school, you can breathe sigh of relief and leave learning behind, right? Wrong! Learning should last a lifetime. You exercise your body to stay strong, an

38、d you should exercise your mind to stay sharp.An English idiom says, “You cant teach an old dog new tricks.”But scientists have discovered that isnt true. Older people can learn, and they should, in order to keep their brain active. Now a new trend has begun in several states in the US. that encoura

39、ges learning. Adults can attend One Day University. They can spend a Saturday or Sunday hearing four 70minute lectures. Each one is given by a top university professor. One of the original participants said, “Its like a health club for the brain.” Also, universities like MTT have made all of their c

40、ourses and lectures available online for free! Libraries offer learning programs too. With so much available, there is no excuse not to learn!Learning is a habit. Dont leave it behind after you leave school. On the website lifehack.org, author Scott Young mentions several things to help you.Always h

41、ave a book. It doesnt matter if you read fast or slow.Just read. If you read just one book a week, youll read 52 over the course of a year. Think of the knowledge youll gain! Practice it. As you read, do something with what youve learned. Dont just enjoy the mental exercise. Use the knowledge. If yo

42、u read about painting, try it!Make a “to learn”list. Compose a “to learn”list for yourself. Maybe you want to speak better English, play the piano, or cook French food. Whatever interests you, put it on your list and then make the time to do it.Teach others. Whatever you learn, leach someone else. Y

43、oull not only help others but also understand what youve learned.【解题导语】本文介绍了终身学习的重要性以及如何训练这种习惯。1Whats the best title for this passage?AMake Learning Last a LifetimeBWhat You Should Do After Leaving SchoolCSeveral Tips on LearningDA New Trend in LearningA解析：标题归纳题。本文在第一段提出主题：Learning should last a lif

44、etime.下文就其重要性以及如何去做进行了说明。故选A项。2What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?AYou dont need to consider what you have learnt after graduation.BLeaving learning behind is what you should do after a break.CYou can relax as you have escaped from the hard life of studying.DYou should have a good res

45、t and then go on learning.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知，句子When you leave school, you can breathe_sigh_of_relief_and_leave_learning_behind,_right？的意思是：你毕业时，你可能会如释重负地叹口气，把学习抛之脑后了，对吗？故本题答案为C项。3From the passage we learn that _Awe should read as fast as possible to gain more knowledgeBwe should use the knowledge

46、we have gained from booksCwe can gain every kind of knowledge through booksDthe main purpose of gaining knowledge is to teach othersB解析： 推理判断题。根据文中的As you read, do something with what youve learned. Dont just enjoy the mental exercise. Use the knowledge. If you read about painting, try it！可知，我们应该使用从

47、书上学到的知识。BUnlike modern animal scientists, dinosaur scientists cannot sit on a hillside and use telescopes to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents. Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaurs fossils(恐龙化石) because dinosaurs died out m

48、illions of years ago.Its very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils. Many fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs have been dug out from one place. They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck(陷入) all at once

49、, or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries. Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone. Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally

50、 agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big groups.“Thats pretty much settled at this point.”says Paul Sereno. A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south, suggesting that they even moved long distances togethe

51、r. As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaursbirds and crocodilesfor possible models. Birds give a lot of care to their young, while crocodiles just help their young to the water. The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sit

52、ting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies, but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same.There is still a long way to go before the above questions could be answered.Dinosaur scientists will have to find more proof to reach an agre

53、ement. 【解题导语】研究恐龙的科学家通过研究恐龙化石来得到一些关于恐龙的信息。但对于同一个化石却有不同的研究结果。在研究恐龙是否能照看好幼崽方面， 科学家们研究了恐龙的近亲鸟类和鳄鱼， 但没有完全解答这些问题。4Dinosaur scientists can get information directly by_Astudying dinosaur fossilsBexamining modern animalsCwatching dinosaursDusing telescopesA解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“they have to search hard for inform

54、ation from dinosaurs fossils(恐龙化石)”可知研究恐龙的科学家通过研究恐龙化石来得到一些信息， 故A项正确。5What is pretty much settled according to Paul Sereno? AHalf of the dinosaurs lived alone. BMost dinosaurs moved long distances. CMany dinosaurs settled in the north. DSome dinosaurs lived in big groups. D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“dinosaur sc

55、ientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big groups”可知Paul Sereno说科学家们都认为至少某些种类的恐龙群居， 故D项正确。6Dinosaur scientists can probably know whether dinosaurs were good parents by_. Awatching many kinds of animalsBstudying dinosaurs living relativesCfollowing the tracks left

56、 behindDworking on dugout dinosaur eggsB解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaursbirds and crocodilesfor possible models”可知科学家们通过研究现存的恐龙的近亲鸟类和鳄鱼来判断恐龙是否能照看好他们的幼崽。7Which of the following is TRUE according to the 4th paragraph? ABirds hardly pay attent

57、ion to their young. BBaby crocodiles can look after themselves well. CSome dinosaurs took care of their young. DBirds and crocodiles take good care of their young.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中可知鸟类很好地照顾幼鸟， 而鳄鱼只是帮助幼崽进入水里， 并没有很好地照顾幼崽。化石表明一些恐龙照顾幼崽， 但并不能说明所有的恐龙都是如此， 因此C项符合题意。 语法填空A man spoke with God about heaven and

58、 hell(地狱). God said to the man, “Come, I will show you hell.” They 1._(enter) a room where a group of people sat around a huge pot of meat. Everyone was thin and hungry. Each held a spoon 2._ could reach the pot, but each spoon had a handle much 3._(long) than their own arms. So it was impossible fo

59、r them 4._ (put) the food into their own mouths. Everyone felt sad and 5._ (frighten). Then he 6._ (ask) by God to come to see what heaven was. They entered another room, similar to the firstthe pot of meat, the group of people, the same longhandle spoons. But there everyone was healthy and 7._ (pea

60、ce). They were eating 8._ (happy). “I dont understand，” said the man. “Why are they happy here when they were sad in the other room and as 9._ matter of fact, everything was the same？” God smiled. “Ah. Here they 10._ (learn) to feed each other since they came here.” “It is simple, isnt it？”he said.1

61、entered解析：考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的动作，用一般过去时。2that/which解析：考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，修饰a spoon，且在从句中作主语。3longer解析：考查形容词的用法。根据句中的than可知，此处用比较级。4to put解析：考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。5frightened解析：考查词性转换。此处是形容词作表语表示人的心理。6was asked解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处是发生在过去的动作且是被动意义。7peaceful解析：考查词性转换。此处是形容词作表语。peaceful adj.平和的。8happily解析：考查词性

62、转换。此处是副词修饰动词were eating。9a解析：考查冠词的用法。as a matter of fact 实际上。10have learned解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的since they came here可知，用现在完成时。B卷学生用书P143(单独成册) 阅读理解AMy teenage son Karl became withdrawn(孤僻的) after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him. But the more I tried, the more he

63、pulled away. When his report card arrived during his junior year, it said that he had been absent 95 times from classes and had six falling grades for the year. At this rate he would never graduate. I sent him to the school adviser, and I even begged him. Nothing worked.One night I felt so powerless

64、 that I got down on my knees and pleaded(恳求) for help.“Please God, I cant do anything more for my son. Im at the end of my rope. Im giving the whole thing up to you.”I was at work when I got a phone call. A man introduced himself as the headmaster.“I want to talk to you about Karls absences.” Before

65、 he could say another word, I choked up and all my disappointment and sadness over Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger.“I love my son but I just dont know what to do. Ive tried everything to get Karl to go back to school and nothing has worked. Its out of my hands.” For a moment the

66、re was silence on the other end of the line. The headmaster seriously said，“Thank you for your time”， and hung up.Karls next report card showed a marked improvement in his grades. Finally, he_even_made_the_honor_roll. In his fourth year, I attended a parentteacher meeting with Karl. I noticed that h

67、is teachers were astonished at the way he had turned himself around. On our way home, he said，“Mum, remember that call from the headmaster last year？”I nodded.“That was me. I thought Id play a joke but when I heard what you said, it really hit me how much I was hurting you. Thats when I knew I had t

68、o make you proud.”【解题导语】作者的丈夫去世了，儿子变得孤僻难以交流。作者在上班时接到了校长打来的电话。作者在电话里说了对儿子的担心，求校长帮助自己教育孩子。从那以后，作者的儿子变好了。原来当时的电话是儿子假装校长打的，儿子被感动了，所以改变了。1By saying “Karl became withdrawn”， the author means that the boy changed entirely and _Abegan to dislike his motherBlost interest in his studies Cpreferred to stay alo

69、ne at homeDrefused to talk to othersD解析：推理判断题。根据文中的As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him. But the more I tried, the more he pulled away.可知，作者越是和儿子交谈，儿子离她越远。故选D项。2There was silence on the other end of the line because _Athe speaker was unable to interrupt the motherBthe speaker wai

70、ted for the mother to finish speaking Cthe speaker was too moved to say anything to the motherDthe speaker didnt want the mother to recognize his voiceC解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中电话的内容可知，电话那头的儿子听到妈妈和“校长”说的话，应该是被感动了，所以沉默了。3The sentence “he even made the honor roll” means that “_”Ahe was even on the list of the b

71、est students at schoolBhe was even on the list of students who had turned themselves aroundChe was even on the list to be praised at the parentteacher meeting Dhe was even on the list of students who made progress in gradesA解析：句意猜测题。根据文中第四段的Karls next report card showed a marked improvement in his g

72、rades.(卡尔的下一次成绩报告显示，学习成绩有了很大的改善。)和句中的even可知，此处应该是说孩子是学校里最好的学生了。4What is the main idea of this passage?AMothers love plays an important role in teenagers life.BSchool education doesnt work without full support from parents.CBeing understood by parents is very important to teenagers.DChildren in singl

73、eparent families often have mental problems.A解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，是“校长”给妈妈打的电话改变了孩子，因为在电话中妈妈表达了对儿子深深的爱和担心。故选A项。BWhen it comes to public transport in China, you have so many choices! But for those who want to travel long distances in comfort without spending too much money, the hard sleeper train offers y

74、ou the best of both.And thats why I often take such a train in China.You can buy tickets for these trains in two ways：firstly going to any train station and buying them over the counter.If you are a foreigner in China，you will need to bring your passport along with you，and find the ticket office.If

75、your Chinese isnt too great, I would suggest you book your tickets through Ctrip.Depending on which train station you go to, you will need to arrive about one hour early to ensure you can find the ticket office and platform waiting area.Some train stations will be large and have very long queues, so

76、 allowing yourself this extra time is necessary to avoid missing your train.However, if you have bought your tickets in advance and collected them, then about half an hour should be enough.Once youve picked up your ticket, you will need to find your boarding gate.Chinese train stations work more lik

77、e airports than western stations, so you will not be able to wait on the platform for your train.On your ticket there will be a few letters and numbers, for example, K564.Throughout the train station you will see electronic notice boards which give all train information.You must match up your train

78、number to the boarding gate.After this, you will know when your train is boarding because everyone will get up and crowd around the platform entrance.You must use your ticket to get through the gates.Each carriage(车厢) has about 10 compartments(隔间), each including 6 beds.Passengers can also sit on sm

79、all seats with tables at the end of each compartment, if you are not ready to climb into bed yet.By far the bottom beds are the most acclaimed，giving both extra head room, and the use of a table, so many people prefer the bottom beds.The beds themselves are small，but large enough to fit an average p

80、erson inside them comfortably.【解题导语】中国公共交通的种类多样，但是如果想要进行长途旅行并且省钱的话，作者认为硬卧是最佳选择。5What does the author think people who will take a hard sleeper train should do?ATry to avoid long queues.BSpare time to avoid a rush.CMake sure to buy tickets in advance.DArrive at the waiting hall one hour in advance.B解

81、析：细节理解题。根据第三段的.so allowing yourself this extra time is necessary to avoid missing your train.However，if you have bought your tickets in advance and collected them，then about half an hour should be enough.可知，作者建议早些到火车站，以免太匆忙。6In the authors country, what can people do when taking a train?AWait on the

82、 platform for their train.BBuy tickets after getting on the train.CSee electronic notice boards on the platform.DGet to the platform through any boarding gate.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的Chinese train stations work more like airports than western stations，so you will not be able to wait on the platform for your

83、 train.可知，在作者的国家，人们可以在站台上等车。7What does the underlined word “acclaimed” in the last paragraph mean?AImportant.BDangerous.CExpensive. DPopular.D解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段的By far the bottom beds are.giving both extra head room，and the use of a table，so many people prefer the bottom beds.可知，下铺空间大，又可以使用桌子，因此是最受欢迎的。

84、画线词意为：受欢迎的。8Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo tell how to buy train tickets in China.BTo compare public transport choices in China.CTo tell about taking a hard sleeper train in China.DTo encourage us to take a hard sleeper train in China.C解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要介绍了在中国乘坐硬卧的情况。 短文改错Yest

85、erday I visited to a Chinese friends home.My friends mother asked us to have lunch with them but I agreed.There were just four people have lunch together.However，my friends mother prepared six dish and we couldnt finish all the food at all.The food that was not finished was thrown in the end.On my w

86、ay back I see some homeless people on the street and I thought of a wasted food at my friends home.I felt a bit sadly.Many people like wasting food.What I wish no food would be wasted！In this way，no one on the earth would be hungry.答案：Yesterday I visited a Chinese friends home.My friends mother aske

87、d to have lunch with them I agreed.There were just four people lunch together.However，my friends mother prepared six and we couldnt finish all the food at all.The food that was not finished was thrown in the end.On my way back I some homeless people on the street and I thought of wasted food at my f

88、riends home.I felt a bit .Many people like wasting food. I wish no food would be wasted！In this way，no one on the earth would be hungry. 书面表达假如你叫李华。最近，你收到美国笔友Tom发来的邮件。在邮件中，Tom说最近自己体质较差总是感冒，经常缺课， 因此他非常担心即将到来的考试。请你给他回一封邮件。 内容包括： 1表示安慰； 2提出建议(重视锻炼、均衡饮食、保持心情愉悦)；3祝他早日康复。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和

89、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Tom, I am sorry to hear that_Yours，Li HuaOne possible version：Dear_Tom,_I_am_sorry_to_hear_that youre in poor health and often get colds, missing lots of classes. However, dont worry too much about that as well as the coming exam. In my opinion, health is the most important thing i

90、n life. Here, I am writing to tell you what you should do to recover your health. First of all, you should attach importance to taking exercise in your spare time. After some exercise, you can feel more refreshed and relaxed, which can help you learn better. In addition, keeping a balanced diet can provide nutrition for your body. Whats more, it is important to put yourself in a good mood. And enough sleep can make you full of energy for a whole day laying a good foundation for everything.Do you agree with me? I sincerely hope that youll soon be fully restored to health.Yours，Li_Hua