2019-2020学年外研版英语必修三同步讲义：MODULE 2 DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 2 SECTION Ⅱ　INTRODUCTION .doc

1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyLanguage Points measurevt.测定；测量；评估n尺寸；(pl.)措施(教材P12)What does the Human Development Index measure？人类发展指数是测量什么的？(1)measure.by. 用来衡量(2)take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)make.to ones measure 按某人的尺寸订做 Can you tell me how to measure the length of the rope?你能

2、告诉我如何测量这条绳子的长度吗？It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成败。即学即练单句语法填空Education shouldnt be_measured(measure) only by examination results.Do you know the history of that bridge measuring(measure) as long as 200 meters?(2019北京四中高一期末)Faced with this phenomenon

3、, we must take some measures to_deal(deal) with it; otherwise, it will result in great losses in the future.To welcome the school anniversary, our school has made new suits to our measure.(1)measure表示“措施” 之意时， 常用其复数形式measures。(2)measure表示“量； 有长(宽、 高等)” 时， 是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态； 如果此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现

4、在分词。 positionn位置；职位，地位；姿势；状况，处境(教材P12)The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.英国位居第十三，而中国处于中等位置。(1)in a.position处于的地位/处境in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置(2)hold the position of 担任的职务 一词多义写出下列句中position的含义Can you find our position on this map？位置Last year she held the

5、 position of sales manager in a large company.职务Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position.姿势Hes going to be in a very terrible position indeed if things go badly for him.状况，处境即学即练单句语法填空What made you in a difficult position?The books are all out of position. Put them back in position q

6、uickly.He was in a position where he must find someone to help him.当position, situation, stage, job 等词在句中表示抽象的地点， 且在其后的定语从句中作地点状语时，用where引导该定语从句。 up to直到；多达；由决定；忙于，从事；胜任(教材P12)make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11确保达到11岁的孩子都能接受教育(1)be up to (doing sth.)打算/正在(做某事)； 胜任(做某事)(2)

7、Its up to you. (交际用语)由你决定。Its up to sb.to do sth. 由某人决定做某事。一词多义写出下列句中up to的含义(2018北京卷)Up to 12 million tons of plastic pollute the oceans.高达；多达We all agree that the young man is up to the position.胜任What have you been up to？忙于；做Up to now, he hasnt finished his work.直到即学即练单句语法填空Mary, what would you l

8、ike to eat for lunch, pizza, sushi or hamburgers?Its up to you.Everything is OK to me.Its up to you to_lead(lead) what kind of life in the future. make efforts努力(教材P12)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示我们正在取得一些进步， 但是我们需要作出更大的努力。(1)make eff

9、orts/an effort/every effort to do sth.努力做某事spare no effort (to do) 不遗余力(2)without effort 容易地，不费力地Make a little bit more effort, and I believe you will realize your dream.多努力一些， 我相信你会实现你的梦想的。The club is making efforts to attract more young people.这家俱乐部正在努力吸引更多的年轻人。即学即练单句语法填空(江西卷)Whats the point, in y

10、our opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to_help(help) himself?Dont you think it essential that every resident of Beijing and Zhangjiakou spare no effort to_make(make) contributions to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics?Nothing in this world can be achieved without effort.“尽一切努力做某事” 的表达

11、法还有： try/do ones best to do sth.do all that sb.can to do sth. figuren数字；体形；人物；身影；图形v计算；认为(教材P13)Complete the chart with figures from the passage.用短文中的数字完成表格。(1)figure out想出，理解；弄明白，看透figure in 包括；把计算在内(2)keep ones figure 保持身材 一词多义写出下列句中figure的含义(2016北京卷) As for my favorite figure in Chinese history,

12、it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.人物He went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures.数字(福建卷)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.体形She was frightened to see a figure in the dark.人影I figure that he was drunk and shouldn

13、t be allowed to drive.认为即学即练单句语法填空I cant figure out what it is that makes him so sad recently.Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday? while作并列连词(教材P12)Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.挪威高居榜首， 而美国名列第7位。句中的while作并列连词， 意为“但是， 然而”， 表示一种对比关系。(1)while引导时间状语从句， 意为

14、“当时候”。(2)while引导让步状语从句， 意为“虽然， 尽管”， 一般放在句首， 相当于although。 The walls are green, while the ceiling is white.墙是绿色的，而天花板是白色的。 (2016上海卷)She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.她告诉我其中一些孩子和一位老太太住在一个收容所，而其他的人睡在街上。链接写作完成句子虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在

15、夏令营相处得非常好。(福建卷)While_the_students_came_from_different_countries,_they got along quite well in the summer camp.我在花园里散步时电话铃响了。The telephone rang while_I_was_walking in the garden.作“然而” 解时， while不能放在句子前面。 while和but有所不同， while用于对比， but表示转折； 当前后两个分句拥有同一个主语时应用but, 不用while表示转折。 with宾语宾补(教材P12)The bottom te

16、n countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone( in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.排在最后的10个国家均是非洲国家， 塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。句中的with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list属于“with宾语宾补” 结构，在句中作状语，介词短语at the bottom of the list作宾补。with复合结构常作原因、 条件、 时间、 方式或伴随状语， 也可作后置定语。其常见形式： (1

17、)with宾语形容词/副词/介词短语(2)with宾语doing(3)with宾语done(4)with宾语to do Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms?你认识那个抱婴儿的女士吗？(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68above the average.去年是有记录以来最热的一年，全球温度比平均值高出0.68摄氏度。即学即练单句语法填空With prices going(go) up so fast, we cant afford

18、 an apartment in big city.The boy sat in the room, with his eyes fixed(fix) on the ceiling. With so many books to_read(read), I have no time to chat with you.with复合结构的难点和考点在于现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动或已完成的动作；动词不定式作宾语补足语表示将要发生的动作。因此，确定非谓语动词和其逻辑主语之间的关系以及非谓语动词所表示的时间概念十

19、分重要。 品句填词1How_does_she_manage_to_keep_her_figure(身材) when she eats so much?2Because of the bad harvest many people will suffer from hunger(饥饿)3The government will take measures(措施) to help college graduates to find jobs in 2020.4The campaign is intended to educate(教育) the public to protect the envir

20、onment.5From his position(位置) on the top of the tower, he can have a better view of the city.6One of her goals(目标) is to get the first place in the coming examination.7With the development(发展) of science and technology, our life becomes more and more convenient.8He earns 1，000 yuan a month.His famil

21、y live on such a small income(收入) 单句改错1It is amazing that the little boy can swim across the river measured 100 meters wide.measuredmeasuring2He lay on the grass with his eyes looked at the sky.lookedlooking3The government has promised to spare no effort help those who are in poverty.help前加to4On the

22、 top of the hill stand an old temple, which has a long history.standstands5My new English teacher is very humorous, but my previous one is quite serious.butwhile 课文语法填空One of the most important 1.sections(section) of the Human Development Report is the Human Development Index, which 2.measures(measu

23、re) a countrys achievements 3.in three ways: life expectancy, education and income. The UK is in the thirteenth position, 4.while China is in the middle of the list.This report gives examples of 5.successful(success) development. For example, in the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved

24、out of 6.poverty(poor). 7.However,_the challenges are still great. Although most of the children in 8.developing(develop) countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not 9.being_educated(educate)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make 10.greater(

25、great) efforts. 单句语法填空1Whether a man is successful or not can be_measured(measure) in many ways.2He resigned from the company in order to find a better position where he could give his ability into full play.3They love their daughter so much that they are always ready to do everything they can to ma

26、ke sure of her happiness.4God gave us the gift of life; it is up to us to_give(give) ourselves the gift of living well.5(2019山东济南高一期中)We must make every effort to_turn(turn) our dreams into reality.6Tom is very good at singing, while his brother is clever at dancing.7At the foot of the mountain stan

27、ds(stand) a tower built in the Ming Dynasty.8With my brother to_help(help) me, I will finish the task in a shorter time.9It took them about one week to figure out how to start the equipment.10Those children in that poor area are looking forward to being_educated(educate), but their parents cant affo

28、rd to send them to school. 阅读理解ATwo billion children in the developing world cant receive good educationthe key to human development. However, technology offers an answer which allows the poor in developing countries to learn. It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor, as

29、it provides a means of learning and communicating.Educational programs must break away from old systems. New companies such as One Laptop(笔记本电脑) Per Child(OLPC), an organization founded by MIT Professor Nicholas Negroponte have been active in solving the worlds education problem.The Internet has cha

30、nged the world, allowing educational services to help with the global fight against poverty. Khan Academy is one such service. Like OLPC, it is an organization founded by Harvard Business School graduate Salman Khan with the task of “providing a worldclass education to anyone, anywhere”. The educati

31、on offered includes a large number of mathrelated topics.The GMAT Pill Review is another company that trains MBA candidates(应考人) worldwide to prepare for the GMAT exam on both the Quant and Verbal section. Founded by Stanford graduate Zeke Lee, the company offers services which are priced at about 7

32、5% less than other similar programs. It allows students from developing countries who might not be able to afford similar courses to have access to these services.Whether paid or free these services provide educational opportunities to those who would never have had the chance in the past. As a resu

33、lt of the technology revolution(革新), business schools may see more students from different corners of the world. Because of the Internet, people in developing nations have access to better and more affordable educational opportunities. More and more people will try to improve their lives through edu

34、cational opportunities outside of their homelandan idea usually uncommon in developing countries.【解题导语】在发展中国家，众多儿童不能得到优质的教育资源， 世界上众多组织试图改变这种现状。1.According to the text, technology can _Aimprove peoples reading abilityBsolve the problems facing the whole worldChelp the poor to reduce povertyDcause pov

35、erty in developing countriesC解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor, as it provides a means of learning and communicating.可知， 由于科技提供学习和交流的方法， 所以它是能够改变穷人命运的工具。2.We can learn from the text that Khan Academy aims to _Ahelp the poor pay for good coursesBprov

36、ide every child with a computerChelp train MBA candidatesDmake everyone receive a good educationD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二、三句可知， 该组织的目的是使每一个人都得到世界一流的教育。3Which of the following about GMAT Pill Review is TRUE? AIt only accepts students from developing countries.BIt was started by Professor Nicholas Negroponte

37、.CIt charges students about 25 percent of other similar programs.DThe education includes a lot of mathrelated topics.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知， GMAT Pill Review在全世界范围内招生， 故A项错误； 由第四段第二句可知， 它由Zeke Lee创办， 学费比其他同样的学校便宜75%, 因此B项错误， C项正确； D选项是叙述Khan Academy的， 因此错误。4.In the past, people in developing countries

38、 _Ahad no educational opportunities in their homelandBseldom thought of receiving foreign education to change themselvesCalways believed education was of great importanceDwouldnt leave their homeland to reduce povertyB解析：推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可知， 现在越来越多的人通过本国之外的教育机会来改善他们的生活， 这一点在过去的发展中国家是不常见的。由此可以推断出， 过去发

39、展中国家的人们很少想到通过接受国外的教育来改变自己的命运。BGabriellas family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, m

40、ight be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, spanish at home. Finally, Gabriellas parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all typ

41、es of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. Its well known that the brains left hemisphere(半球)

42、is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learnin

43、g, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may mak

44、e you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didnt have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, its never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap form “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” becaus

45、e when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃；学习外语永远不迟。5Why is Gabriellas family used as the example in Paragraph 1?ATo show that the family are bilinguals.BTo explain the advantages of bilinguals.CTo illustrate the three types of bilinguals

46、.DTo prove all ages can learn foreign languages.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语；她的弟弟在学校学习英语，在家里学习西班牙语；她的父母则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。6Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?ABecause they learn language

47、s with a set of concepts.BBecause they use both hemispheres to learn languages.CBecause their mother tongue doesnt influence them much.DBecause they can easily translate one language into another.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use bo

48、th hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。7Which of the following best explains “handicap” underlined in Paragraph 3?ADisease.BDisability.CDisadvantage. DI

49、llness.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”，尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项

50、“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。8What can we infer from the text?AThe left brain is more important for language learning.BLearning languages can promote the brain development.CThe proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.DImmigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.B解析：推理判断题。根据第

51、三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明，它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，语言学习促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。 七选五Sleep Advice for Kids of All AgesIt is important for each child to get enough s

52、leep every day.Here, well learn more about that.How much sleep does a child need?1_ Newborns 0 to 3 months should sleep 10 to 18 hours a day. Babies 4 to 11 months should start to sleep through the night, for 9 to 12 hours at a time. Toddlers(初学走路的孩子) 1 to 2 years need about 11 to 14 hours a day. Ch

53、ildren 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night. 2._ Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.What can parents do?Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable. 3._ Even older children can benefit(受益) from lateafternoon naps if they are not getting enough sleep at night. But keep them short30 minutes at mos

54、t.4_ Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed. If possible, get them out of your childs bedroom since the light from electronic screens can make sleep a difficult job.Get them moving. 5._ Running around and playing sports is great, but kids can be act

55、ive in other ways, too. Take the dog for a walk, or go to the parkjust get them out of the house and get them moving.APay attention to screen time.BIt usually depends on their age.CIts OK to go to bed 30 minutes later.DKids 6 to 13 need 9 to 11 hours of sleep.EYounger children should take a short sl

56、eep during the day.FEnergy drinks can keep kids from falling or staying asleep.GExercise during the day helps children sleep better at night.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要就孩子们的睡眠问题提出了几点建议。1B解析：由该段小标题How much sleep does a child need？和该空后的相关内容可知，小孩子需要多少睡眠取决于其年龄，故选B项。2D解析：由该空前的Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13

57、hours a night.和空后的Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.可知，此处是讲613岁孩子所需的睡眠时间，故选D项。3E解析：由该空前的Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable.和空后的older children可知，这里是说小一点的孩子在白天小睡的必要性，故选E项。4.A解析：由该空后的Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed.和electronic screens可知，本段主要是讲看电视或是电脑的时间问题，故选A项。5.G解析：由该空前的Get them moving.和空后的Running around and playing sports可知，此处是讲孩子们在白天多锻炼的重要性，故选G项。