2019-2020学年外研版英语选修八同步讲义：MODULE 6 THE TANG POEMS SECTION Ⅰ　INTRODUCTION .doc

1、“好雨知时节，当春乃发生。随风潜入夜，润物细无声”。“诗圣”杜甫的这首脍炙人口的春夜喜雨如今已经被译成英文出现在伦敦的地铁站里。Chinese Poems Went Underground“A good rain knows its proper time；it waits until the spring to fall.It drifts (漂流；漂移) in on the wind, steals in by night; its fine drops drench (淋透), yet make no sound at all.”The wellknown poem，written by

2、 the poet Du Fu，was one of the famous poems that landed in London. Other poems from Li Bai and Bai Juyi have also been enjoyed by the British public.At the same time, some British poems, including the poetic works from famous William Wordsworth and William Blake, have decorated Shanghais subway syst

3、em.At a simple ceremony held at Britains National Library, the General Manager of London Underground wrote the title of the Chinese poem with a brush pen，a traditional art pen in ancient China. This added to the Chinese atmosphere in the London subway. The idea to exchange poetry was one part of the

4、 ChinaBritain Cultural Exchange.An official from the British Embassy in China introduced the idea to exchange poetry as one part of the SinoBritain Cultural Exchange.Chinese poems are set to (被指定做某事) decorate Londons Underground soon. At the same time, some British poems will soon decorate Shanghais

5、 subway system.Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyComprehending重点单词写作词汇1.farewell n告别2.part v分手；分离3.dynasty n朝；代4.shadow n影子，阴影5.share v.分享，共享拓展词汇6.acquaintance n相识的人；泛泛之交acquaint v相识；了解7.advance n进步；进展advanced adj.先进的；高级的8.failure n失败者fail vi.失败；不及格9.suffering n(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；苦难suffer vt.& v

6、i.遭受10.irregular adj.不规则的；无规律的regular adj.有规律的；规则的11.mental adj.内心的；精神上的physical adj.身体的 (反义词)阅读词汇12.bar v摒除；阻挡13.seed n.种子14.expansion n.扩张15.tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的16.astronomy n.天文学17.altitude n.高度；海拔18.specialist n专家19.merchant n.商人20.realist n.现实主义作家21.romantic n.浪漫主义作家22.reflection n.倒影重点短语1.as f

7、ar as远到，远至；就而言2.at ones high point在鼎盛时期3.be known as作为而出名4.think of.as.把看作5.take hold of抓住6.at the same time与此同时重点句型1.强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who.：It was only in the 11th century that (只有在11世纪) his poetic genius was recognised.2.not as/so.as.不和一样：As he was not so successful as some of the other youn

8、g men (没有同其他年轻人一样取得成功) of his time in the Civil Service Examination to become a government official，he began a life of travel and poetry，writing more than a thousand poems.3.while引导的状语从句的省略：连词doing/done：It is said that he drowned when he fell into a river while trying to take hold of (当试图抓住) the ref

9、lection of the Moon. Read the text and match the main idea of each paragraph.1Para.1 ALi Bai2Para.2 BDu Fu3Para.3 CTechnology and progress4Para.4 DTang poetry5Para.5 EAn exciting culture6Para.6 FA great dynasty答案：16.FECDBA Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.1Whi

10、ch of the following is TRUE about the Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty?AThe Tang rulers controlled it well into presentday Persia.BThe Tang rulers controlled it well into presentday Arabia.CThe Tang rulers controlled it well into presentday Russia.DThe Tang rulers controlled it well into presentday Afg

11、hanistan.2We can infer from the passage that _Athe origins of Buddhism were in JapanBmany foreigners were not allowed to live in China in the Tang DynastyCthe biggest foreign influence came from EuropeDculture and technology were well developed in the Tang Dynasty3Lots of people in the Tang Dynasty

12、became interested in poetry because they wanted to _.Abe famous poetsBget a good job in the governmentCmake more moneyDwin much respect4From the passage we learn that _ALi Bai was successful when he was youngBLi Bai painted a realistic picture of the problems of his ageCDu Fu and Li Bai didnt live i

13、n the same timeDLi Bai didnt do well in the Civil Service Examination答案：14.DDBD Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1They were allowed to live in communities governed by their own laws, and to keep their traditional forms of entertainment such as music and dance, which influenced t

14、he development of Tang culture.本句是一个主从复合句。主句中，由and连接的两个并列不定式作主语补足语，其中governed by their own laws为过去分词短语作communities的_，which引导一个_从句，代指前面的内容。 翻译他们被允许居住在由他们自己的法律掌管的区域，保持着他们自己的传统娱乐形式，比如音乐和舞蹈，这些也对唐朝文化的发展产生了影响。答案：定语；非限制性定语2As he was not so successful as some of the other young men of his time in the Civil

15、Service Examination to become a government official, he began a life of travel and poetry, writing more than a thousand poems. 翻译因为不如同时代的其他一些年轻人在科举考试中顺利成为一名政府官员，他便开始了一种游历以及诗歌创作的生涯，写了一千多首诗。答案：原因；伴随poetry nU总称诗歌，诗篇poem nC诗，诗歌poet nC诗人dynastydInstin.朝；代time n历史时期，时代expansionIkspnnn.扩张expand v扩大，增加as fa

16、r as 远至presentday adj.当代的，当前的toleranttlrntadj.宽容的；容忍的be tolerant of/towards 对宽容的/容忍的cosmopolitankzmplItnadj.兼容并包的Persianpnn.波斯人Arabrbn.阿拉伯人Jewdun.犹太人influence vt.& n影响；作用have an influence on 对有影响under the influence of 受到的影响BuddhismbdIzmn.佛教at the same time 与此同时hand in hand 密切关联，手拉手progress n进展，发展ast

17、ronomystrnmin.天文学measure v& n测量，量；尺寸， 措施make.to ones measure 依照某人的尺寸做；定做take some measures to do sth.采取措施做某事shadowdn.影子，阴影altitudeltItjudn.高度；海拔at an altitude of 在的高度6 specialistspelIstn. 专家7 shareev.分享，共享 n份；分配额8 mark v. 标志着9 syllablesIlbln.音节: govern v决定；指导；统治，管理; qualification n资格 as well as “以及”

18、，相当于in addition to。? think of.as.把 看作是 failurefeIljn.失败者，此处加a，属于抽象名词具体化，表示“一个失败者”。A recognise v承认，公认，认可B realistic adj.现实的，现实主义的C sufferingsfrIn(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；苦难D corruptionkrpnn. 腐败；堕落E including prep.包括在内includingn.n.includedF be known for 因而著名be known as 作为而出名be known to 为所知G merchantmtntn. 商人H irre

19、gularIrejladj.不规则的；无规律的regular adj.规则的；有规律的；定期的I realistrIlIstn.现实主义作家J romanticrmntIkn.浪漫主义作家K try to do sth.试图做某事，努力做某事try doing sth.试着做某事L take hold of 抓住get hold of 抓住，握住M reflectionrIfleknn.倒影The Golden Age of Chinese PoetryThe Tang Dynasty (618907)was one of the great dynasties in Chinese hist

20、ory. It was a time of expansion.At its high point, the country reached as far as Siberia (now part of Russia) in the north, Korea in the east and Vietnam in the south.The Tang rulers also controlled the trade route known as the Silk Road well into presentday Afghanistan.过去分词短语known as the Silk Road作

21、后置定语，修饰the trade route。Trade with foreign countries created a tolerant and cosmopolitan culture.Persians， Arabs and Jews came to live in Chinese towns, bringing with them their own religions and customs. They were allowed to live in communities governed by their own laws, and to keep their tradition

22、al forms of entertainment such as music and dance, which influenced the development of Tang culture.But perhaps the biggest foreign influence came from Buddhism， whose origins were in IndiaAt the same time foreigners who were educated at the Tang court took the Chinese culture home with them.Soon Ja

23、pan and Korea were organised on the Tang model, while Chinese influence extended throughout Southeast Asia.bringing with them their own religions and customs是现在分词短语作伴随状语。过去分词短语governed by their own laws作后置定语，修饰communities。whose origins were in India是whose引导的非限制性定语从句。whose origins也可以用the origins of w

24、hich来替代。who were educated at the Tang court是who引导的定语从句，修饰foreigners。Cultural development went hand in hand with technological progress.New discoveries were made in astronomy， geography and medicine.In 724 Seng Yixing measured the length of the suns shadow and the altitude of the North Pole.Under Emp

25、eror Taizong (627649) the government opened medical schools where specialist6 subjects were studiedThe invention of printing about this time meant that knowledge could be recorded and shared7 as never before.But it was not just scientific knowledge that could now reach a wider audiencePrinting also

26、marked8 the beginning of the golden age of literatureand literature, in the Tang Dynasty, meant poetry.where specialist subjects were studied是where引导的定语从句，修饰medical schools。that could now reach a wider audience是that引导的定语从句，修饰scientific knowledge。In the beauty of its images and the range of topics, T

27、ang poetry was better than everything that had come before itBut how did this happen？There is no single answer to the question.An explosion of talent, and the appearance of new forms were both important.In the “New Style Verse” which appeared during the Tang period, each line has five or seven sylla

28、bles9, and there are lots of rules which govern: the tonesBut being able to write poetry was also an important qualification; for people who wanted to become government officialsA good poet had a better chance writing poetry.But during his lifetime he never became famous; in fact, he thought of hims

29、elf as? a failure.It was only in the 11th century that his poetic genius was recognisedA. Sometimes he is called the “poet of history” or “the mirror of his time” because he paints a realisticB picture of the problems of the age in which he livedThese include the sufferingsC of the poor, and the cor

30、ruptionD of the rich.He also writes about his own problems, includingE his sons death.Du Fu is also known forF his friendship with Li Bai (701762), another great poet of the age.The two men met in 744, and although very different, they became friends.They each wrote poems to the other.It was.that.是强

31、调句式。in which he lived是in which引导的定语从句，修饰the age。although very different是although引导的省略了they were的让步状语从句。Li Bai, the son of a wealthy merchantG, grew up in Sichuan Province.As he was not so successful as some of the other young men of his time in the Civil Service Examination to become a government of

32、ficial, he began a life of travel and poetry, writing more than a thousand poemsHe used simple, direct language and often chose irregularH forms.If Du Fu was a realistI, then Li Bai was a romanticJ.He wrote about nature and people with the same depth of feeling.Friendship, the human condition, and t

33、he pleasures of wine, are his favourite subjects.It is said that he drowned when he fell into a river while trying toK take hold ofL the reflectionM of the Moon.writing more than a thousand poems是现在分词短语作伴随状语。while trying to.while he was trying to.It is said that.(People say that.)据说中国诗歌的黄金时代唐朝 (6189

34、07)是中国历史上最繁盛的朝代之一。这是一个疆域扩张的时代。在其最鼎盛的时候，唐朝的疆域北至西伯利亚 (现属俄罗斯)，东至当时的朝鲜，南至越南。唐朝统治者还控制着远至现今阿富汗的贸易线路丝绸之路。与外国之间的贸易促成了宽容和包罗万象的文化。波斯人、阿拉伯人和犹太人来到唐朝定居，带来了他们自己的宗教信仰和风俗习惯。他们被允许居住在由他们自己的法律掌管的区域，保持着他们自己的传统娱乐形式，比如音乐和舞蹈，这些也对唐朝文化的发展产生了影响。但是或许影响最为深远的外来文化是起源于印度的佛教。与此同时，在唐朝宫廷受过教育的外国人将唐朝文化带回了自己的国家。不久，日本和朝鲜参照了唐朝的统治形式，唐朝的影响

35、遍及东南亚。文化的发展和科技的进步齐头并进。天文学、地理学和医药学都有新的发现。在724年，僧一行测量了日影长度和北极高度。在唐太宗 (627649)时期，官府开办了医药学校，进行专科研究。大约发明于此时的印刷术意味着人们可以用以前从未有过的方式来记载和分享知识。印刷术不仅使科学知识的传播遍及各地，而且也标志着唐朝的主要文学形式诗歌的黄金时代的到来。意象优美、题材广泛的唐诗超越了在它之前的所有文学形式。但是唐诗到底是怎样发展起来的呢？这个问题的答案不止一个。天才诗人的涌现和新诗歌形式的出现是两个重要因素。唐朝出现的“新体诗” (格律诗)中，每行五言或七言，对音韵也有严格的规定。若想入朝当官，能

36、够写诗也是一个重要的条件。能写一手好诗就有更好的机会来获得一个好工作。因此很多人都开始对诗歌产生兴趣。杜甫 (712770)是唐朝最伟大的诗人之一。年轻时，杜甫游历过许多地方。他喜欢绘画、音乐和写诗。但在有生之年他一直没有成名；事实上他认为自己是一个失败者。直到11世纪他在诗歌创作上的天赋才被认可。杜甫描绘了他所生活的那个时代的现实画卷，所以，他有时被称为“诗史”或“时代的镜子”。他的诗描写了劳苦大众的苦难和达官贵人的腐败。杜甫也抒写了自己的痛苦，包括他爱子的夭折。杜甫和这一时期另一位伟大诗人李白 (701762)的友谊也为世人所称道。杜甫和李白于744年相识，尽管风格迥异，两人仍然成了朋友，

37、并互赠诗歌。李白是一位富商的儿子，在四川省长大。因为不如同时代的其他一些年轻人在科举考试中顺利成为一名政府官员，他便开始了一种游历以及诗歌创作的生涯，写了一千多首诗。他使用简单而又明快的语言，并且经常选用不规则的形式。如果说杜甫是一个现实主义诗人，那么李白就是一个浪漫主义诗人。他以同样深厚的情感抒写自然和人物。友谊、人们的生活状况以及饮酒的快乐是他最喜欢抒写的主题。据说他在试图抓月亮的影子时掉进江里溺水身亡。 阅读理解ATang Dynasty poets sang for about three centuries in different tones. There were many fa

38、mous poets living in the Tang period, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of more than 48, 900 poems that were written by over 2, 200 poets. But it didnt cover all the poems of the Tang Dynasty.During the Tang Dynasty,

39、 poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.Tang Dynasty poets wrote poems to win fame and also to develop their temperament (性情). They poured out deep feelings for

40、 their friends and criticized injustice in the world through poems.In the Tang Dynasty scholars had to be poets. Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people. Poets recited poems, women singers sang poems and other ranks of people, including old women and childre

41、n, read Tang poems. This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time. As a result, Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent countries, like Japan and Vietnam.Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature. Its a miracle (奇迹) in the cultur

42、al history of mankind. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire with a vast territory. It inherited (继承) Chinese civilization that went back to ancient times, was combined with the best of other cultures and adopted the benefits of other nations in the world. Tang poetry wasnt the only spiritual wealt

43、h created by the Tang Dynasty people. Philosophy and religion, handwriting and painting, and music and dance all gained new peaks of development. Tang poetry, however, was the jewel in the crown and its greatest achievement.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过本文，我们可以更深入地了解唐诗的影响力和其对世界文化的贡献。1We can conclude from the pas

44、sage that _Aonly people in the Tang Dynasty created poemsBin total there were four famous poets in the Tang DynastyCthe Tang Dynasty probably existed for about three centuriesDin the Tang Dynasty most common people were poetsC解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话可推断出C项正确。2Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the

45、 passage?AWhy the poets created poems.BSome other kinds of spiritual wealth in the Tang Dynasty.CThe significance and influence of the Tang Dynasty.DThe editors of Poems of the Tang Dynasty.D解析：推理判断题。A项在第三段中提到了；B、C两项在最后一段提到了。根据第一段内容可知，文章没有具体交代Poems of the Tang Dynasty这本书是谁编辑的。故选D项。3The underlined wo

46、rd “adjacent” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_”Astrong BneighboringCpoor DrichB解析：词义猜测题。根据句中的“like Japan and Vietnam”可推测出，adjacent意为“邻近的”。故B项意思相符。4Whats the best title for the passage?AThe Great Tang DynastyBTang Dynasty PoetryCFamous Poets in the Tang DynastyDThe Development of the Tang DynastyB解析：

47、标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了唐诗在当时受欢迎的程度和影响力。故B项最适合作标题。BIt is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rain forest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长目动物)Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while c

48、rawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldnt have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.The friendship，like all relationships between two people，involves competition. It isnt competition in a traditional sense because there are

49、 no goals to be scored and no prizes. Perhaps the ecological definitionthe simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or lightbetter explains it.As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a sho

50、rtened version of Darwins theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing (分类) take place. In high school, friendship coexists with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fac

51、t, in some circumstances, competition is too much of a burden for friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a students fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the record

52、s of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve similar recognition.Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. Healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, b

53、ut when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendship apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了友谊和竞争之间的关系，健康的竞争促进友谊，而恶性的竞争则破坏友谊。5What does the ecological definition mainly explain?AHow friends compete with each other.BHow to win the competiti

54、on.CWhat the result of competition is.DWhat competition exactly is.D解析：细节理解题。分析第二段最后一句“Perhaps the ecological definitionthe simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space，or lightbetter explains it.”可知，该句的主干是Perhaps the ecologi

55、cal definition better explains it，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。两个破折号之间的内容解释“the ecological definition”。句意：两个或更多的生物体同时对有限的生态环境资源有需求，如营养物质、生存空间、光这一生态学定义更好地解释了竞争 (的含义)。故选D项。6According to the author，what causes the high school students to compete?AThe number of them is too large.BFriendship is a burden

56、for them.CThey know the laws of nature well.DThey are divided into different groups.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，高中生活与自然界一样有一系列的规则，这与达尔文关于进化、人口过多和竞争的理论相似。也正是因为学生人数众多，为了区分，所以对学生进行了排名、分类。再加上考大学这一高中生活的最终目标的压力，高中生之间的竞争就不可避免地产生了。故选A项。7Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?AFriendship

57、 is always based on competition.BThe degree of competition is vital to friendship.CCompetition is terribly harmful to friendship.DCompetition is a result of lost friendship.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy (妒忌) can tear fr

58、iendship apart.”可知，健康的、友好的竞争对友谊有好处，而过于激烈的、存在妒忌的竞争会使友谊破裂。因此竞争的度对友谊是至关重要的。故选B项。8What does the author think of “competition”？AThe results of competition are out of control.BCompetition becomes fiercer in high school.CCompetition is certain to happen in high school.DFriendship is not as important as com

59、petition in high schools.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.”可知，作者认为高中生活的各个方面存在竞争是必然的。故选C项。 完形填空Having a great collection of books at home doesnt mean that you are a person of culture. It can be just to 1 people around

60、 you. There are also many people who cannot 2 so many books because of high prices, so they usually go to a 3 and spend hours reading something that 4 them a lot.Reading is very important to each of us.For example, it is a means of gaining 5 It can make things _ 6 when we write compositions on diffe

61、rent themes.It enables you to talk about science, 7 you dont work in this field, or you can express your opinion about a political event, because you have read something 8 to that.Reading offers us the 9 to enter the world of imagination, and to 10 the real one for a couple of hours.We come to meet

62、kings and queens many years ago, 11 in the world of the rich or imagine how life will be in the future.It gives us the chance to be another 12 in the story we read and to imagine the ending of it.Sometimes, we 13 ourselves with the people in the stories we read and they may give us a 14 to our own p

63、roblem and tell us how to 15 in certain circumstances.Books are inspired from reality because even if authors are considered to be 16 different from common people, they are in fact 17 with the same problems as we all are and suffer like us, too.In conclusion, I would like to say that 18 is the perfe

64、ct means to enrich our culture.It makes us express correctly and have a rich vocabulary; it enables us to join 19 in different fields of interest and to be considered a 20 person.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了读书的多种好处。1A.annoy BpleaseCimpress DconfuseC解析：由上文中的“Having a great collection of books.a person of cul

65、ture.”可知，家中有大量藏书并不能说明你就是一个有文化修养的人，这样做倒是会给你周围的人留下某种“印象 (impress)”。2A.afford BwriteCpublish DunderstandA解析：由下文中的“because of high prices”可知，也有很多人买不起这么多书，故用afford。3A.cinema BlibraryCrestaurant DgymnasiumB解析：由上文中的“There are also many people.because of high prices”可知，他们通常会去图书馆 (library)看那些自己感兴趣的书。4A.puzzl

66、es BsurprisesCencourages DinterestsD解析：参见上题解析。5A.confidence BstrengthCknowledge DpopularityC解析：由下文中的“write compositions，talk about science”和“express your opinion about a political event”可知，读书是增长“知识 (knowledge)”的一种方法。6A.easier BbetterCstranger DworseA解析：读书会让我们在写作文的时候“更加不费力 (easier)”。7A.as if Beven if

67、Cso that Dnow thatB解析： “It enables you to talk about science”与“you dont work in this field”是一种让步关系，意思是“即使 (even if)”你不在科学领域工作，读书也会让你能够谈论科学。8A.added BdevotedCintroduced DconnectedD解析：你读了与之相关的一些东西，故用connected。9A.excuse BcommitmentCpossibility DmotivationC解析：由下文中的“to enter the world of imagination”，可知，

68、读书为我们进入想象中的世界提供了“可能性 (possibility)”。10A.look at Bleave behindCtake over Descape intoB解析：读书可以让我们暂时“远离 (leave behind)”真实的世界。11A.dream BargueCpractise DstruggleA解析：由下文中的“in the world of the rich”可知，是“幻想着 (dream)”在富人的世界里。12A.player BmemberCvolunteer DcharacterD解析：由下文中的“in the story we read”可知，这里是指成为我们所读

69、小说中的“人物 (character)”。13A.enjoy BentertainCassociate DprovideC解析：由下文中的“they may give us.in certain circumstances”可知，当我们把自己和小说中的人物“联系起来 (associate)”的时候，他们会给我们一种解决问题的“方法 (solution)”，告诉我们在某种特定的情况下如何做出“反应 (react)”。14A.change BsolutionCdecision DpurposeB解析：参见上题解析。15A.react BrelaxCrecover DresearchA16A.in

70、a hurry Bin a messCin a while Din a wayD解析：作家“在某种程度上 (in a way)”被认为和普通人不同。17A.faced BfilledCmixed DcoveredA解析：由下文中的“the same problems as we all are and suffer like us, too”可知，事实上他们和我们一样“面临着 (faced)”同样的问题。18A.studying BthinkingCreading DtravelingC解析：总览全文可知，文章谈论的是“读书 (reading)”的好处，故用reading。19A.clubs BconversationsChands DforcesB解析：读书可以使我们参与不同领域的“谈话 (conversations)”，同时我们也会被认为是“博学的 (learned)”人。20A.serious BgentleCnormal DlearnedD解析：参见上题解析。